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Tumachee: Difference between revisions
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===Orthography=== | ===Orthography=== | ||
Tumachee uses the [[w:Latin script|Latin alphabet]], with some unique letters, notably circumflex vowels(âêîôû) and the cedilla h(ḩ), with the new letters phonetically representing high tone and vowels and the voiceless palato-velar fricative respectively. | Tumachee uses the [[w:Latin script|Latin alphabet]], with some unique letters, notably circumflex vowels(âêîôû) and the cedilla h(ḩ), with the new letters phonetically representing high tone and vowels and the voiceless palato-velar fricative respectively. | ||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | |||
| Aa<br>[[Help:IPA|[ɑ]]] || Ââ<br>[[Help:IPA|[ɑ́]]] || Bb<br>[[Help:IPA|[b]]] || Kk<br>[[Help:IPA|[k]]] || Dd<br>[[Help:IPA|[d][t]]] || Ee<br>[[Help:IPA|[e]]] | |||
|- | |||
| Êê<br>[[Help:IPA|[é]]] || Gg<br>[g][k] || Hh<br>[ɦ] || Ḩḩ<br>[ɧ] || Ii<br>[i] || Îî<br>[í] | |||
|- | |||
| Ll<br>[l] || Mm<br>[m] || Nn<br>[n] || Oo<br>[ɔ] || Ôô<br>[ɔ́] || Pp<br>[p] | |||
|- | |||
| Ss<br>[s] || Tt<br>[t] || Uu<br>[u] || Ûû<br>[ú] || Ww<br>[w] || Yy<br>[ʝ] | |||
|- | |||
| Zz<br>[z] || colspan=5 | | |||
|} | |||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | ||
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! rowspan=2 | Plosive | ! rowspan=2 | Plosive | ||
! pulmonic | ! pulmonic | ||
| b || t d || (c)<ref>Dialectic variation of /tʲ/.</ref> || || k g || | | p b || t d || (c)<ref>Dialectic variation of /tʲ/.</ref> || || k g || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! palatalised | ! palatalised | ||
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| || l || (ʎ)<ref name="l">Dialectic variation of /l/.</ref> || || (ɫ)<ref name="l"></ref> || | | || l || (ʎ)<ref name="l">Dialectic variation of /l/.</ref> || || (ɫ)<ref name="l"></ref> || | ||
|} | |} | ||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | {| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | ||
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Tumachee mostly follows the syllable structure of (C)V(C), where C is any consonant and V is any vowel. | Tumachee mostly follows the syllable structure of (C)V(C), where C is any consonant and V is any vowel. | ||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
===Nouns=== | |||
====Adjectives==== | |||
All nouns in Tumachee have their own adjective form, which is usually manifested in an agglutinate suffix form like ''-miḩ''. Each noun has their own unique adjective/suffix form, meaning you could make basically any word by agglutinating a noun and a noun-derived suffix. For example, the word and name "Ox-like-the-water" would be ''Kîkwisyigûn''(''lit.'' ox.<small>NOM</small>-water.<small>ADJ</small>), with ''-yigûn'' being the suffix form of ''yîlgos'', water. | |||
===Numerals=== | |||
Tumachee natively uses a base 7 counting system, though most modern Tumachee use the mostly universal base 10 counting system. | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;" | |||
! colspan=2 | Tumachee !! colspan=2 | English | |||
|- | |||
! Name !! Digit !! Name !! Digit | |||
|- | |||
| ''kûnsu''/<br>''sêlo''<ref>''kûnsu'' literally means "nothing", and is more commonly used colloquially and in basic arithmetic. ''sêlo'' is from English ''zero'', and is more commonly used in relation to mathematics.</ref> || 0 || zero || 0 | |||
|- | |||
| ''kkêo'' || 1 || one || 1 | |||
|- | |||
| ''minnâ'' || 2 || two || 2 | |||
|- | |||
| ''ḩûḩ'' || 3 || three || 3 | |||
|- | |||
| ''ḩêrdaz'' || 4 || four || 4 | |||
|- | |||
| ''sômzo'' || 5 || five || 5 | |||
|- | |||
| ''entiḩ'' || 6 || six || 6 | |||
|- | |||
| ''ûrzun'' || 7 || seven || 7 | |||
|- | |||
| ''îmmiko'' || 10 || eight || 8 | |||
|} | |||
===Pronouns=== | ===Pronouns=== | ||
====Personal pronouns==== | ====Personal pronouns==== | ||
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===Constituent order=== | ===Constituent order=== | ||
Tumachee uses a VOS(verb-object-subject) constituent word order. | Tumachee uses a VOS(verb-object-subject) constituent word order. | ||
===Agglutination=== | |||
Like in German, Tumachee has the ability of creating new words by adding existing words together. For example, the word "pill" is ''sikkumiḩ'', which is a combination of ''sikku'', "medicine" and ''-miḩ'', the suffix form of "small". | |||
====Stem & suffixes==== | |||
Words in Tumachee have two forms: a stem and a suffix form. The stem form are the standalone words themselves, sometimes called the nominative declension. The suffix forms are used for agglutinate words like the ''-miḩ'' in ''sikkumiḩ''. ''-miḩ'' is a suffix form of the adjective ''wêlmiḩ'', meaning "small". | |||
===Noun case=== | ===Noun case=== | ||
Tumachee has five noun cases: the nominative, accusative, genitive, dative and instrumentative. Each case has at the very least its own suffix, though the instrumentative case has its own prefix to go with the suffix. | Tumachee has five noun cases: the nominative, accusative, genitive, dative and instrumentative. Each case has at the very least its own suffix, though the instrumentative case has its own prefix to go with the suffix. | ||
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| ''-sô'' || ''-ḩâ'' || ''-su'' || ''-ki'' | | ''-sô'' || ''-ḩâ'' || ''-su'' || ''-ki'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== | ===Phrases=== | ||
=== | ====Nouns==== | ||
=== | ====Verbs==== | ||
===Dependent clauses=== | ====Sentences==== | ||
====Dependent clauses==== | |||
==Example texts== | ==Example texts== | ||
==Other resources== | ==Other resources== | ||