Umbrean/Nouns
Gender
The gender of the nouns in umbrean is not read from the acctual base form of the noun but something inherent and is semantic most of the times. Semantic gender means that the gender of the noun is decieded more or less by what it refers to rather than arbitrarily decieded by the speakers. The gender is decieded through an hierarchical tree of questions.
Living: "Is it alive?" If so it belongs here, these typicly refer to living beings, parts of living things or the like.
Artificial: "is it created by living things?" If so it belongs here, these typicly refer to things made by living things, machines, tools, houses and the like.
Non-moving: "Does the thing remain unmoving yet isn't artificial?" If so it belongs here, these typicly refer to geographical features, natural things that isn't of biological origin, ex stones, mountains, beaches.
Magical: "Does it move despite not being alive or cannot fit elsewhere?" If so it belongs here, these typicly refer to things of magic, things upon the heaven, the untouchable, the unreachable, the abstractions.
Case
Case Desription: Ergative Ref The grammatical case that identifies the subject of a transitive verb in ergative-absolutive languages Accusative Acc The grammatical case used to mark the direct object of an transitive verb Intransitive Int The grammatical case used in some languages to mark the subject of an transitive verb Postpositional Pst The grammatical case primarely used for postpositional phrases Reflexive Ref The grammatical case used to define the subject which is acting upon itself and
hence is both subject and object, also used for middle voice
Declension
The manner in which they are declined according to these criterias are through circumfixes[*] which goes at the begining and end of the word, though some circumfixes are nulled on their prefix part or suffix part.
General
This declension paradigm is general and applied to nouns when uncertain of the acctual paradigm
Name Amount Singular 1 Paucal 2-6 Plural 6<
Vowel Circumfix Gender→
Case↓Mag Liv Art Non Int (e)- -(u) (ee)- -(ü) (yy)- -(ë) Erg (i)- -(oo) (e)- -(ü) Acc (o)- -(a) (e)- -(u) Pst (oo)- -(y) (ö)- -(ëë) Ref (ü)- -(ii)
| Number→ | Singular | Paucal | Plural | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State→ Case↓ |
Indef. | Def. | Const. | Indef. | Def. | Const. | Indef. | Def. | Const. |
| Int | Ø- -Ø | l- -Ø | Ø- -tw | s- -Ø | glj- -t | ž- -Ø | žl- -Ø | dž- -l | |
| Erg | Ø- -s | tl- -s | l- -ff | g- -dzj | Ø- -zz | l- -zw | dzj- -tj | ||
| Acc | m- -Ø | ml- -Ø | mt- -l | ŋŋ- -Ø | ŋl- -Ø | ŋk- -l | nn- -Ø | nl- -tj | |
| Pst | Ø- -tš | šl- -Ø | tš- -l | ǧØ- -Øtšwl | ǧ- -t | Ø- -dž | dž- -l | ||
| Ref | f- -l | ft- -l | vj- -gw | vl- -gw | ž- -s | ž- -sl | |||
Specific
The acctual paradigm depends on the structure of the nouns rather than being arbitrarily decieded.
Subscripted 0 means original form, wether it is normal, palatalized or labialized. tw exist in the original word and is replaced by d0 which would acctually be dw
Subscripted v means Voiced form of the original, s becomes z, f becomes v and so on, s exists in the original nad it says to be replaced with Fv it would become z
Subscripted u means unvoiced form of the original, z becomes s, v becomes f and so on, z exists in the original nad it says to be replaced with Fu it would become s
Subscripted m means match the voiceness of the original, z exists in the original nad it says fm it would become v, which of course that fm and vm is the same.
Bolded ones refer to the original letter in its entirety, P is for plosives, N is for nasals, F is for fricatives, A is for affricatives. so s in the original and then it says F would mean s is put in place of the F
Prefixal
Nasal
| Nasal NV- | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number→ | Singular | Paucal | Plural | ||||||
| State→ Case↓ |
Indef. | Def. | Const. | Indef. | Def. | Const. | Indef. | Def. | Const. |
| Int | Ø | NlV | Ø | NsV | Ø | NžV | Ø | Ø | |
| Erg | Ø | Ø | NlV | Ø | Ø | NlV | NdzjV | ||
| Acc | mV | mlV | mtV | ŋŋV | ŋlV | ŋkV | nnV | nlV | |
| Pst | Ø | Ø | NtšV | NǧV | NǧV | Ø | NdžV | ||
| Ref | NfV | Ø | NvjV | Ø | NžV | NžV | |||
Plosive
| Plosive PV- | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number→ | Singular | Paucal | Plural | |||||||
| Case↓ | State→ Origin↓ |
Indef. | Def. | Const. | Indef. | Def. | Const. | Indef. | Def. | Const. |
| Int | p | Ø | PlV | Ø | s0pV | bljV | špV | Ø | Ø | |
| b | z0bV | žbV | ||||||||
| t | ts0V | d0ljV | tšV | džwlV | ||||||
| d | dz0V | džV | ||||||||
| k | sk0V | g0ljV | šk0V | Ø | ||||||
| g | zg0V | žg0V | ||||||||
| Erg | p | Ø | t0lV | PlV | kp0V | Ø | PlV | ts0fV | ||
| b | d0lV | gbV | dz0vV | |||||||
| t | t0lV | kt0V | ts0V | |||||||
| d | d0lV | gd0V | dz0V | |||||||
| k | t0lV | kk0V | ts0ǧV | |||||||
| g | d0lV | gg0V | dz0ǧV | |||||||
| Acc | All | mPV | Ø | mtV | ŋPV | Ø | ŋkV | nPV | Ø | |
| Pst | p | Ø | Ø | tšf0V | ǧPV | Ø | tšf0V | |||
| b | džvV | džvV | ||||||||
| t | tš0lV | ts0V | ts0V | |||||||
| d | dž0lV | dz0V | dz0V | |||||||
| k | Ø | tšǧV | tšǧV | |||||||
| g | džǧV | džǧV | ||||||||
| Ref | p | fp0V | Ø | fjpV | Ø | špV | ||||
| b | vb0V | vjbV | žbV | |||||||
| t | ft0V | fjt0V | št0V | |||||||
| d | vd0V | vjd0V | žd0V | |||||||
| k | fk0V | fjk0V | šk0V | |||||||
| g | vg0V | vjg0V | žg0V | |||||||
Fricatives
| Fricative FV- | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number→ | Singular | Paucal | Plural | |||||||
| Case↓ | State→ Origin↓ |
Indef. | Def. | Const. | Indef. | Def. | Const. | Indef. | Def. | Const. |
| Int | f | Ø | f0lV | Ø | sf0V | Ø | ž- - | žl- - | dž- -l | |
| v | v0lV | zv0V- - | ž- - | žl- - | dž- -l | |||||
| s | s0lV | ss0V | ž- - | žl- - | dž- -l | |||||
| z | z0lV | zz0V | ž- - | žl- - | dž- -l | |||||
| š | š0lV | sš0V | ž- - | žl- - | dž- -l | |||||
| ž | ž0lV | zž0V | ž- - | žl- - | dž- -l | |||||
| ǧ | ǧ0lV | sǧ0V | ž- - | žl- - | dž- -l | |||||
| Erg | f | - -s | tl- -s | l- -ff | g- -dzj | - -zz | l- -zw | dzj- -tj | ||
| v | - -s | tl- -s | l- -ff | g- -dzj | - -zz | l- -zw | dzj- -tj | |||
| s | - -s | tl- -s | l- -ff | g- -dzj | - -zz | l- -zw | dzj- -tj | |||
| z | - -s | tl- -s | l- -ff | g- -dzj | - -zz | l- -zw | dzj- -tj | |||
| š | - -s | tl- -s | l- -ff | g- -dzj | - -zz | l- -zw | dzj- -tj | |||
| ž | - -s | tl- -s | l- -ff | g- -dzj | - -zz | l- -zw | dzj- -tj | |||
| ǧ | - -s | tl- -s | l- -ff | g- -dzj | - -zz | l- -zw | dzj- -tj | |||
| Acc | f | m- - | ml- - | mt- -l | ŋŋ- - | ŋl- - | ŋk- -l | nn- - | nl- -tj | |
| v | m- - | ml- - | mt- -l | ŋŋ- - | ŋl- - | ŋk- -l | nn- - | nl- -tj | ||
| s | m- - | ml- - | mt- -l | ŋŋ- - | ŋl- - | ŋk- -l | nn- - | nl- -tj | ||
| z | m- - | ml- - | mt- -l | ŋŋ- - | ŋl- - | ŋk- -l | nn- - | nl- -tj | ||
| š | m- - | ml- - | mt- -l | ŋŋ- - | ŋl- - | ŋk- -l | nn- - | nl- -tj | ||
| ž | m- - | ml- - | mt- -l | ŋŋ- - | ŋl- - | ŋk- -l | nn- - | nl- -tj | ||
| ǧ | m- - | ml- - | mt- -l | ŋŋ- - | ŋl- - | ŋk- -l | nn- - | nl- -tj | ||
| Pst | f | - -tš | šl- - | tš- -l | ǧ- -tšwl | ǧ- -t | - -dž | dž- -l | ||
| v | - -tš | šl- - | tš- -l | ǧ- -tšwl | ǧ- -t | - -dž | dž- -l | |||
| s | - -tš | šl- - | tš- -l | ǧ- -tšwl | ǧ- -t | - -dž | dž- -l | |||
| z | - -tš | šl- - | tš- -l | ǧ- -tšwl | ǧ- -t | - -dž | dž- -l | |||
| š | - -tš | šl- - | tš- -l | ǧ- -tšwl | ǧ- -t | - -dž | dž- -l | |||
| ž | - -tš | šl- - | tš- -l | ǧ- -tšwl | ǧ- -t | - -dž | dž- -l | |||
| ǧ | - -tš | šl- - | tš- -l | ǧ- -tšwl | ǧ- -t | - -dž | dž- -l | |||
| Ref | f | f- -l | ft- -l | vj- -gw | vl- -gw | ž- -s | ž- -sl | |||
| v | f- -l | ft- -l | vj- -gw | vl- -gw | ž- -s | ž- -sl | ||||
| s | f- -l | ft- -l | vj- -gw | vl- -gw | ž- -s | ž- -sl | ||||
| z | f- -l | ft- -l | vj- -gw | vl- -gw | ž- -s | ž- -sl | ||||
| š | f- -l | ft- -l | vj- -gw | vl- -gw | ž- -s | ž- -sl | ||||
| ž | f- -l | ft- -l | vj- -gw | vl- -gw | ž- -s | ž- -sl | ||||
| ǧ | f- -l | ft- -l | vj- -gw | vl- -gw | ž- -s | ž- -sl | ||||