Anyar

Joined 4 July 2014
m
m (Added new section for Nahenic diachronics)
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* [[Sixth Linguifex Relay/Nankôre|Nankôre Relay #6]]
* [[Sixth Linguifex Relay/Nankôre|Nankôre Relay #6]]


=== Commentary on Some Random Stuff ===
== Current Projects Conlanging Lab ==


==== Minhast Units of Measurement ====
=== Minhast Units of Measurement ===
*Distance
*Distance
#šunum 1 step (1 yard)
#šunum 1 step (1 yard)
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#aytum 43,488 (~26 miles, 12*2 hantum)
#aytum 43,488 (~26 miles, 12*2 hantum)


=====  Gull Speaker Day/Week/Month Terminology (prototype) =====
===  Gull Speaker Day/Week/Month Terminology (prototype) ===
Culture note: in ancient times the month’s end coincided with the new moon, resulting in months with variable days.  This system coincided interestingly with the Islamic calendar, which is also lunar based.  However, unlike the Islamic calendar, the Minhast have since the beginning of their history added intercalation days to synchronize the year to the Winter Solstice.  Primitive astronomers derived the intercalation days from a notch located in Aškamat min Hūr ("Plumed Falcon Mountain").  These intercalated days were then distributed among each month of the year.
Culture note: in ancient times the month’s end coincided with the new moon, resulting in months with variable days.  This system coincided interestingly with the Islamic calendar, which is also lunar based.  However, unlike the Islamic calendar, the Minhast have since the beginning of their history added intercalation days to synchronize the year to the Winter Solstice.  Primitive astronomers derived the intercalation days from a notch located in Aškamat min Hūr ("Plumed Falcon Mountain").  These intercalated days were then distributed among each month of the year.


That is no longer the case and was standardized by the Gull Speakers to its current form during the early 17th century.  The month is divided into two 14-day weeks, and a final 3-day or 4-day week (Ittunan, lit. “it slides”, i.e. the period of derived intercalation).  The individual days of this final week follow the formula Pešša + CONN + cardinal number, starting at the day of the Saxtisuyyuenan where any intercalation, calculated in relation to the Winter Solstice from a notch in .  
That is no longer the case and was standardized by the Gull Speakers to its current form during the early 17th century.  The month is divided into two 14-day weeks, and a final 3-day or 4-day week (Ittunan, lit. “it slides”, i.e. the period of derived intercalation).  The individual days of this final week follow the formula Pešša + CONN + cardinal number, starting at the day of the Saxtisuyyuenan where any intercalation, calculated in relation to the Winter Solstice from a notch in .  


Days of the week (arruhādi - “half-moon” ):
Days of the week (arruhādi - “half-moon” ):
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Suyyuen “full moon”
Suyyuen “full moon”


===== Minhast Morphosyntax Notes =====
=== Diachronics ===


===== Diachronic Notes =====
==== Minhast Diachronic Notes ====
[[Minhast/Diachronic_Changes]]
[[Minhast/Diachronic_Changes]]


====== Development of the Passive Voice [DRAFT] ======
==== Intra-Nahenic Diachronics ====
 
=== Minhast Morphosyntax Notes ===
 
=== Development of the Minhast Passive Voice [DRAFT] ===
In comparison to the transitive pronominal affixes, the affixes for the intransitive verb are much simpler, although the passive forms demonstrate quite a bit of unexpected variability.  Most noticeable in the passive forms is the occurrence of lenition, a morphophonemic alternation that occurs nowhere else in the Minhast verb, or nouns for that matter.  Moreover, the passive forms show considerable polysemy.  Diachronic developments explain the source for these otherwise aberrant features.  Based on early Classical Minhast texts, as well as the pre-Modern Stone Speaker dialects, an additional pronominal form has been reconstructed, ''-ya-'', which functioned as the nominative case for an indefinite third person form (c.f. English "one", French "on", Spanish "se", etc).   
In comparison to the transitive pronominal affixes, the affixes for the intransitive verb are much simpler, although the passive forms demonstrate quite a bit of unexpected variability.  Most noticeable in the passive forms is the occurrence of lenition, a morphophonemic alternation that occurs nowhere else in the Minhast verb, or nouns for that matter.  Moreover, the passive forms show considerable polysemy.  Diachronic developments explain the source for these otherwise aberrant features.  Based on early Classical Minhast texts, as well as the pre-Modern Stone Speaker dialects, an additional pronominal form has been reconstructed, ''-ya-'', which functioned as the nominative case for an indefinite third person form (c.f. English "one", French "on", Spanish "se", etc).   


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<br/><br/>
<br/><br/>


====== Some Dialectal Comparisons  ======
=== Minhast Dialectal Comparisons  ===


The following all mean, "Yes,  the markings of my clan" (see story "The Detective and the Deer")
The following all mean, "Yes,  the markings of my clan" (see story "The Detective and the Deer")
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* The ergative also is used as a genitive marker, as in Yup'ik (Iiirc Inupiaq shares this feature, hence why I presume other Eskimoan languages share this feature)
* The ergative also is used as a genitive marker, as in Yup'ik (Iiirc Inupiaq shares this feature, hence why I presume other Eskimoan languages share this feature)


====== Noun Incorporation ======
=== Minhast Noun Incorporation ===
 
* This is an example of Minthun's Classificatory NI (Class IV) being exploited by Minhast.  Here, it is essentially creating the equivalent of a locative noun in other languages, e.g. English "Within the ''interior of'' the beast...", which is essentially an Inessive-like case construction.  Here, ''nua'' means "side", and has been incorporated into the verb complex.  The implicit head is ''suharak'' (deerskin), which was mentioned in a previous line in the passage, which is what the Locative applicative ''naħk-'' is referring to.  This construction is equivalent to saying "Next to it", "By its side", etc.  
* This is an example of Minthun's Classificatory NI (Class IV) being exploited by Minhast.  Here, it is essentially creating the equivalent of a locative noun in other languages, e.g. English "Within the ''interior of'' the beast...", which is essentially an Inessive-like case construction.  Here, ''nua'' means "side", and has been incorporated into the verb complex.  The implicit head is ''suharak'' (deerskin), which was mentioned in a previous line in the passage, which is what the Locative applicative ''naħk-'' is referring to.  This construction is equivalent to saying "Next to it", "By its side", etc.  


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}}<br/>Notice in the independent form of buffalo, ''bɔŋtɛl'', loses its final syllable in its incorporated form, ''-bɔŋ-''.  Minhast exhibits extensive truncation when nouns undergo incorporation, e.g. ''sussagarānī'' > ''-suggan-''  (big toe), ''hispawak'' > ''-hispak-'' (birch), ''izzesparak'' > ''-spark-'' (canoe).<br/><br/> Nouns of three syllables or more are almost always truncated, and the pattern of truncation is unpredictable; syllable loss may occur in initial, medial, or final positions, although nouns with tri-syllabic roots tend to lose either their medial or final syllables and retain the initial syllable, but exceptions abound, such as ''allāga'' > ''-lgagg-'' (conch) .  <br/><br/>EDIT: Muro's term for this behaviour is ''weak suppletion''<br/><br/> - Sora examples taken from "NOUN INCORPORATION: A NEW THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE" (Alessio Muro, 2009) <br/><br/>[[User:Anyar|Anyar]] ([[User talk:Anyar|talk]]) 23:41, 10 February 2019 (CET)
}}<br/>Notice in the independent form of buffalo, ''bɔŋtɛl'', loses its final syllable in its incorporated form, ''-bɔŋ-''.  Minhast exhibits extensive truncation when nouns undergo incorporation, e.g. ''sussagarānī'' > ''-suggan-''  (big toe), ''hispawak'' > ''-hispak-'' (birch), ''izzesparak'' > ''-spark-'' (canoe).<br/><br/> Nouns of three syllables or more are almost always truncated, and the pattern of truncation is unpredictable; syllable loss may occur in initial, medial, or final positions, although nouns with tri-syllabic roots tend to lose either their medial or final syllables and retain the initial syllable, but exceptions abound, such as ''allāga'' > ''-lgagg-'' (conch) .  <br/><br/>EDIT: Muro's term for this behaviour is ''weak suppletion''<br/><br/> - Sora examples taken from "NOUN INCORPORATION: A NEW THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE" (Alessio Muro, 2009) <br/><br/>[[User:Anyar|Anyar]] ([[User talk:Anyar|talk]]) 23:41, 10 February 2019 (CET)


==== Nahenic Diachronics ====
=== Vadi ===
==== Vadi ====
Early (i.e. first) test sentences:
Early (i.e. first) test sentences:


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===== Verb Template for Vadi =====
==== Verb Template for Vadi ====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg"
|-
|-
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! colspan="13" | Patient
! colspan="13" | Patient
|-
|-
! rowspan="10" | Singularsss
! rowspan="10" | Singular
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" | Person
! rowspan="2" | Person
! colspan="6" | Singular
! colspan="6" | Singular
! colspan="7" | Pluralsss
! colspan="7" | Plural
|-
|-
! First
! First
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