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Anyar

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[[Tarkandamonian]]<br/>
[[Tarkandamonian]]<ref>This is a reference/footnote</ref><br/>
[[Vadi]]<br/>
[[Vadi]]<br/>
[[Minhast]]<br/>
[[Minhast]]<br/>
*[[Minhast/Dialectology]]<br/>
*[[Minhast/Dialectology]]<br/>
*[[Minhast/Noun_Incorporation]]<br/>
*[[Minhast/Noun_Incorporation]]<br/>
* [[Verse:Minhay]]
*[[User:Anyar#Minhast_Templates|Minhast-specific Templates]]<br/>
*[[Bad_Minhast_Translations]]<br/>
*[[Verse:Minhay]]
Other Nahenic:
*[[Nahenic_Language_Family]]
*[[Nahónda]]<br/>
*[[Nankôre]]<br/>
[[Peshpeg]]<br/>
[[Peshpeg]]<br/>
[[Ín_Duári| Ín Duári ]]<br/>
[[Ín_Duári| Ín Duári ]]<br/>
[[Nidâri]]<br/>
[[Nidâri]]<br/>
Other Nahenic:
*[[Nahónda]]<br/>
*[[Nankôre]]<br/>
[[Corrádi]]<br/>
[[Corrádi]]<br/>
[[Dzvada Vezhua Dlin]]<br/>
[[Dzvada Vezhua Dlin]]<br/>
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* [[Sixth_Linguifex_Relay|Sixth Linguifex Relay]]  
* [[Sixth_Linguifex_Relay|Sixth Linguifex Relay]]  
* [[Sixth Linguifex Relay/Nankôre|Nankôre Relay #6]]
* [[Sixth Linguifex Relay/Nankôre|Nankôre Relay #6]]
=== Other Links ===
[[User:Anyar/Sandbox]]


== Current Projects Conlanging Lab ==
== Current Projects Conlanging Lab ==
 
=== Nankôre Imperative Forms ===
The auxiliaries ''iná'' and ''itá'' have special forms for the imperative.  They cliticize to their host verb:<br/>
Stative: =è
* ''Kiru<b>è</b>!'' "Stand next to me!"<br/>
Active: =te
* ''Iara<b>te</b>'' "Hit him!"
=== Minhast Units of Measurement ===
=== Minhast Units of Measurement ===
*Distance
*Distance
#sespir 1 hand
#nagikk 1 foot
#karyaħt 1 cubit
#šunum 1 step (1 yard)
#šunum 1 step (1 yard)
#šanum 12
#šanum 12
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==== Minhast Diachronic Notes ====
==== Minhast Diachronic Notes ====
[[Minhast/Diachronic_Changes]]
[[Minhast/Diachronic_Changes | Minhast Diachronic Changes Article]]


==== Intra-Nahenic Diachronics ====
==== Intra-Nahenic Diachronics ====
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=== Development of the Minhast Passive Voice [DRAFT] ===
=== Development of the Minhast Passive Voice [DRAFT] ===
In comparison to the transitive pronominal affixes, the affixes for the intransitive verb are much simpler, although the passive forms demonstrate quite a bit of unexpected variability.  Most noticeable in the passive forms is the occurrence of lenition, a morphophonemic alternation that occurs nowhere else in the Minhast verb, or nouns for that matter.  Moreover, the passive forms show considerable polysemy.  Diachronic developments explain the source for these otherwise aberrant features.  Based on early Classical Minhast texts, as well as the pre-Modern Stone Speaker dialects, an additional pronominal form has been reconstructed, ''-ya-'', which functioned as the nominative case for an indefinite third person form (c.f. English "one", French "on", Spanish "se", etc).   
In comparison to the transitive pronominal affixes, the affixes for the intransitive verb are much simpler, although the passive forms demonstrate quite a bit of unexpected variability.  Most noticeable in the passive forms is the occurrence of lenition, a morphophonemic alternation that occurs nowhere else in the Minhast verb, or nouns for that matter.  Moreover, the passive forms show considerable polysemy.  Diachronic developments explain the source for these otherwise aberrant features.  Based on early Classical Minhast texts, as well as the pre-Modern Stone Speaker dialects, an additional pronominal form has been reconstructed, ''-ya-''<ref>Cognate with Common Minhast third person animate plural ''-i''</ref>, which functioned as the nominative case for an indefinite third person form (c.f. English "one", French "on", Spanish "se", etc).   


From Proto-Minhast, the reconstructed indefinite pronominal affix appears in the verb complex of ''*wušun-'' "to hit":
From Proto-Minhast, the reconstructed indefinite pronominal affix appears in the verb complex of ''*wušun-'' "to hit":
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}}
}}


This reconstructed pronominal form merged with the accusative segment of the portmanteau pronominal affixes, triggering lenition of velars and palatalization of dentals.  Eventually, the meaning of indefinite "one" was lost and the verb was re-analyzed as a stative verb, leading to the replacement of the Transitivizer ''-u'' with the Detransitivizer ''-an''.  Soon after, or perhaps even simultaneously with these developments, the Inchoative marker ''-saxt-'' surfaced, most likely due to analogy with stative verbs.  The final result is a passive voice where the Inchoative is applied in semantically transitive verbs which then licenses the passive pronominal affixes, e.g.:
This reconstructed pronominal form merged with the accusative segment of the portmanteau pronominal affixes, triggering lenition of velars and palatalization of dentals<ref>The absence of lenion or palatization with the ''-i-'' affix distinguishes the impersonal third person from the inanimate plural third person affix ''-i-''.</ref>.  Eventually, the meaning of indefinite "one" was lost and the verb was re-analyzed as a stative verb, leading to the replacement of the Transitivizer ''-u'' with the Detransitivizer ''-an''.  Soon after, or perhaps even simultaneously with these developments, the Inchoative marker ''-saxt-'' surfaced, most likely due to analogy with stative verbs.  The final result is a passive voice where the Inchoative is applied in semantically transitive verbs which then licenses the passive pronominal affixes, e.g.:


{{Gloss
{{Gloss
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| morphemes = saxt-ušn-ex-ar-an
| morphemes = saxt-ušn-ex-ar-an
| gloss = INCH-hit-1S.PASS-PST-INTR
| gloss = INCH-hit-1S.PASS-PST-INTR
| translation = I got hit (lit. I became the one hit)
| translation = I got hit (lit. I became the one someone hit)
}}
}}


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|-
|-
! style="text-align:left"|  3rd Feminine Sg.
! style="text-align:left"|  3rd Feminine Sg.
| -l-
| -šši-
|-
|-
! style="text-align:left"|  3rd Neuter Animate Sg.
! style="text-align:left"|  3rd Neuter Animate Sg.
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|-
|-
|}
|}
== Babbling ==
=== Rami un Kano ("Noble Speech") ===
#Kala hikka un sala ti makán.
#Kani ha pillála un kai.
#Maha na herka ummai ni kassái.
#Rinu e se-senerka ami pun kerka.
#Na sunu, na tim, ko irara tilái nu perka-perka ki tatana.
#Na hala, kumu mai, ki nepakana u nana pa.
''un, u, nu, ni'': Connectives
(why so many allomorphs?)
=== Nankôre reverse-engineer text ===
"If I were to leave Nanhoshka Kôya, I shall go to my brother's abode in Minhay, in Nannampuyyi Prefecture, where he interns at Ayyummaħħat.


== HELP!!! ==  
== HELP!!! ==  
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http://www.ebruni.it/en/software/os/i_love_wiki/index.mpl <br/>
http://www.ebruni.it/en/software/os/i_love_wiki/index.mpl <br/>
http://bmanolov.free.fr/html2wiki-tables.php
http://bmanolov.free.fr/html2wiki-tables.php


== Templates ==
== Templates ==
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[[Template:Minhast_Portmanteau_Pronominal_Affixes2]]
[[Template:Minhast_Portmanteau_Pronominal_Affixes2]]
[[Template:Minhast_Verb_Template]]
[[Template:Minhast_Prepronominal_Affixes_Template#Prepronominal_Affixes]]


=== Nankôre Templates ===
=== Nankôre Templates ===
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== Wiki Markup How-Tos ==
== Wiki Markup How-Tos ==
===Example of Table markup===
==== Complex Table with Collapsible Attribute ====
<pre>
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible"
|+ '''Verb Conjugation Table'''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Person
|-
! colspan="6" | Tense
|-
! colspan="2" | Past !!colspan="2"| Present !!colspan="2"| Future
|-
!  Singular !! Plural !! Singular!! Plural !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! 1
|| Example || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example
|-
! 2
|| Example || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example
|-
! Class I
|| Example || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example
|-
! Class II
|| Example || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example
|-
! Class III
|| Example || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example
|}</pre>
...yields:
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg mw-collapsible"
|+ '''Verb Conjugation Table'''
|-
! rowspan="4" | Person
|-
! colspan="6" | Tense
|-
! colspan="2" | Past !!colspan="2"| Present !!colspan="2"| Future
|-
!  Singular !! Plural !! Singular!! Plural !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! 1
|| Example || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example
|-
! 2
|| Example || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example
|-
! Class I
|| Example || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example
|-
! Class II
|| Example || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example
|-
! Class III
|| Example || Example || Example || Example || Example || Example
|}
==== Basic Table, Non-collapsible ====
<pre>
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg"
|+ '''Verb Conjugation Table'''
|-
!
!  Singular !! Plural !! Singular!! Plural
|-
! 1
|| Example || Example || Example || Example
|-
! 2
|| Example || Example || Example || Example
|-
! Class I
|| Example || Example || Example || Example
|-
! Class II
|| Example || Example || Example || Example
|-
! Class III
|| Example || Example || Example || Example
|}</pre>
</pre>
<br/>...yields...
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg"
|+ '''Verb Conjugation Table'''
|-
!
!  Singular !! Plural !! Singular!! Plural
|-
! 1
|| Example || Example || Example || Example
|-
! 2
|| Example || Example || Example || Example
|-
! Class I
|| Example || Example || Example || Example
|-
! Class II
|| Example || Example || Example || Example
|-
! Class III
|| Example || Example || Example || Example
|}</pre>


===Example of linking to a within-page topic===
===Example of linking to a within-page topic===
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[[Vadi#Ad-Hominems and Other Insults|''Waškixrapmakirimērumbustikmaban'']]
[[Vadi#Ad-Hominems and Other Insults|''Waškixrapmakirimērumbustikmaban'']]
</pre>
</pre>
=== Sample Cross-Page Linking ===
Cross-page linking wiki syntax is no different from within-page linking.  The following example comes from the Minhast page:
<pre>[[Nankôre#Deictics| Nankôre deictic particles]]</pre>
You can see this in action by clicking on [[Nankôre#Deictics| Nankôre deictic particles]].


=== Sample Paradigm Template ===
=== Sample Paradigm Template ===
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         }}
         }}
}}
}}
== References ==
{{reflist}}
Anyar
5,464

edits

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