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[[Category: BPNJ]] | [[Category: BPNJ]] | ||
{{construction}} | |||
{{Bpnjohnson.info|Fauxperanto|Pending|[pending]|2023|European Union|}} | {{Bpnjohnson.info|Fauxperanto|Pending|[pending]|2023|European Union|}} | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
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* If optional S precedes a C coda, C must be an obstruent. | * If optional S precedes a C coda, C must be an obstruent. | ||
* All vowels must be separated by a C. | * All vowels must be separated by a C. | ||
* x cannot occur word-initially. | |||
* dl and tl do not occur. | |||
* Word-initial onsets can be: | |||
** A single consonant: p, t, k, b, d, g, tc, dj, f, s, c, h, v, z, j, m, n, l, r, w, y (not x). | |||
** An obstruent followed by a non-nasal sonorant: | |||
*** An obstruent followed by l: pl, kl, bl, gl, fl, sl, cl, vl, zl, jl (not tl, dl, hl) | |||
*** An obstruent followed by r: pr, tr, kr, br, dr, gr, fr, vr (not sr, cr, zr, jr, hr) | |||
*** An obstruent followed by w: tw, kw, dw, gw, sw, hw, vw, zw (not pw, bw, fw, cw, jw) | |||
*** An obstruent followed by y: py, ky, by, gy, fy, hy, vy (not ty, dy, sy, cy, zy, jy) | |||
** An unvoiced stop preceded by s: sp, st, sk | |||
* Word-final codas are much more limited, and consonantal codas occur only on inflected nouns and adjectives, finite verbs, and some function words. Codas can be: | |||
** A single consonant: p, t, k, b, d, g, tc, dj, f, s, c, h, v, z, j, m, n, l, r, w, x, y | |||
** A stop consonant, affricate, or coronal sibilant preceded by a nasal: mp, nt, xk, mb, nd, xg, ntc, ndj, ns, nz | |||
** An unvoiced stop preceded by s: sp, st, sk | |||
* Medial (intervocalic) consonant clusters can be: | |||
** Any consonant or cluster permitted as an onset. | |||
** Any consonant or cluster permitted as a coda. | |||
** An obstruent preceded by l: lp, lt, lk, lb, ld, lg, ltc, ldj, lf, ls, lc, lh, lv, lz, lj | |||
** An obstruent preceded by r: rp, rt, rk, rb, rd, rg, rtc, rdj, rf, rs, rc, rh, rv, rz, rj | |||
===Stress=== | |||
Stress is patterned after Esperanto and falls on the penultimate syllable, no matter how awkward that may be. | |||
==Contrast and Comparison with Esperanto== | ==Contrast and Comparison with Esperanto== | ||
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===Main Differences between Esperanto and Fauxperanto=== | ===Main Differences between Esperanto and Fauxperanto=== | ||
* Only standard ASCII characters in orthography. | * Only standard ASCII characters in orthography. | ||
** Esperanto uses the non-ASCII characters ĉ ĝ ĥ ĵ ŝ ǔ, but maintains a 1:1 phoneme:grapheme ratio. | |||
** Eulingo uses no non-ASCII characters, but uses digraphs for the affricates dj and tc. | |||
* Nouns end in '''-u'''. | * Nouns end in '''-u'''. | ||
** ''mus'''o'''''::''mus'''u''''' ‘mouse’ | |||
* Present tense in '''-e-'''. | * Present tense in '''-e-'''. | ||
** ''li manĝ'''a'''s''::''(ru) mandj'''e'''r'' ‘he eats’ | |||
* Subject pronouns are rare: Verbs are conjugated with endings that reflect their subject. | * Subject pronouns are rare: Verbs are conjugated with endings that reflect their subject. | ||
* Plural pronouns are actual plurals and not unique lexemes | ** ''mi kreda'''s'''''::''(mu) krede'''m''''' ‘I believe’ | ||
* Numbers, articles, and other determiners are treated as adjectives (ending in '''-a''') and are declined as such (e.g. accusative in '''-n''' and plural in '''- | * Plural pronouns are actual plurals and not unique lexemes | ||
** ''mi, vi, li, ŝi, ĝi'':''ni, [vi], ili''::''mu, tu, ru, su'':''mui, tui, rui, sui'' | |||
* Numbers, articles, and other determiners are treated as adjectives (ending in '''-a''') and are declined as such (e.g. accusative in '''-n''' and plural in '''-i'''). | |||
* Genitive phrases tend to be adjectival (E.g. Eo. ''La libro de la infano'' (‘The child’s book’) Fo. ''La libro de lla kindu'' '''or''' ''La libro kinda''). | * Genitive phrases tend to be adjectival (E.g. Eo. ''La libro de la infano'' (‘The child’s book’) Fo. ''La libro de lla kindu'' '''or''' ''La libro kinda''). | ||
* Adjectives follow nouns. (E.g. Eo. ''La nigra hundo'' (‘The black dog’) Fo. ''La kanu nera''). | * Adjectives follow nouns. (E.g. Eo. ''La nigra hundo'' (‘The black dog’) Fo. ''La kanu nera''). | ||
* Nouns are neutral by default, and require suffixes to be made masculine or feminine. (E.g. ''vatru'' ‘parent’ → ''vatrinu'' ‘mother’, ''vatrotcu'' ‘father’) | |||
* Deixis has a two-way distinction indicated by particles ''tci'' (analogous to Eo. ''ĉi'' or Fr. ''-ci'') and ''li'' (analogous to Eo. default ''t-''stems or Fr. ''-là''). | |||
* The third person plural maintains animacy distinction: Eo. ''ili'' vs. Fo. ''ruy'' (plural of ''he/she''), ''suy'' (plural of ''it''). | |||
* No effort is made to avoid synonyms or to limit the size of the lexicon with antonyms using derivations like ''mal-''. | |||