User:IlL/Sketchbook

Gleb phonologies

Liquidless pseudo-French

m n̻ ṉ p b t̻ d̻ t͡ʃ d͡ʒ k g f v s̻ z̻ ʃ ʒ h w i y u ɛ ɛ̃ œ œ̃ ɔ ɔ̃ a ã

(C1)V(C2)

C1: a consonant

V: a vowel

C2: a consonant

Gleb seed 1601724777

A nice one

m n̻ nʲ̻ tʰ̻ t̻ kʰ k kʷ f s̻ l̻ i iː u uː ɛ ɛː ɛ̃ ɛ̃ː ɔ ɔː ɔ̃ ɔ̃ː a aː ã ãː

(C1)V(C2)

C1: a consonant

V: a vowel

C2: a consonant other than /nʲ̻/

Gleb seed 1364524938

vaguely Cagasa

consonants:

m n mb nd ndz ŋg p b t d ts dz k g mv nz f v s z h r w

vowels:

a e i o u

syllable structure: (C)V

Gleb seed 1390372573

Liquidless phonology

m̥ m n̥ n ŋ̥ ŋ mpʰ mb ntʰ nd ŋkʰ pʰ p b tʰ t d kʰ k ʔ f s x

a e ɛ i o ɔ u

(C)V(N)

C: a consonant

V: a vowel

N: a nasal; i.e. one of /m̥ m n̥ n ŋ̥ ŋ/

Gleb seed 1408165181

Kxǂ’auǁʼein

Kxǂ’auǁʼein /ˈkxǂ’aʊ̯ǁʼaɪ̯n/

Rencadian nouns

Nouns have 2 genders (masculine and feminine) and 3 cases (nominative, comparative, and vocative). The genitive is archaic and survives in verbal nouns and stock expressions.

Noun stems often get lenited. Lenition works as follows:

• When the noun begins with a lenitable consonant (any consonant besides f, v, th, dh, ch and gh), the first consonant gets lenited. If the first consonant is z, x or zj and there's a prefix before the lenited stem, an epenthetic -n- is inserted between the prefix and the stem.
• When the noun begins with a vowel, an n- is inserted before the stem.
• When the noun begins with a nonlenitable consonant (f, v, th, dh, ch or gh), an n- is inserted before the stem if there's a prefix before the stem that ends in a vowel. Otherwise, neo- is inserted before the stem.

For example:

1. baer 'leaf' → vaer
2. rasj 'spouse' → rasj
3. zaweoth 'ant' → aweoth, ʙᴜᴛ:
4. xeu + lenited form of zaweoth 'like an ant' → xeu naweoth
5. eonsae 'fruit' → neonsae
6. farnath 'speech' → neofarnasj, ʙᴜᴛ:
7. meo + lenited form of farnasj 'speaking' → meonfarnasj
8. ow + lenited form of farnasj 'not speaking' → owneofarnasj

Feminine nouns

Most nouns are feminine and decline as follows:

Case	Indefinite Singular	Indefinite Plural	Definite Singular	Definite Plural
Nominative	[nom stem]	[nom stem]+meo	[nom stem]+nae	[nom stem]+neu
(Genitive)	[gen stem]	[nom stem]+meon	[nom stem]+naer	[nom stem]+neureo
Comparative	[acc stem]	[nom stem]+meoth	[nom stem]+naeth	[nom stem]+neuth
Vocative	[lenited nom stem]	[lenited nom stem]+meo	[lenited nom stem]+nae	[lenited nom stem]+neu

• [nom stem] is the dictionary form of a noun.
• [gen stem] is the genitive stem, formed by adding -eo if the noun ends in a consonant and -n if the noun ends in a vowel.
• [acc stem] is the accusative stem, formed by adding -eoth if the noun ends in a consonant and -th if the noun ends in a vowel.

Here are two examples:

eorim 'tail'	Indefinite Singular	Indefinite Plural	Definite Singular	Definite Plural
Nominative	eorim	eorimmeo	eorimnae	eorimneu
(Genitive)	eorimeo	eorimmeon	eorimnaer	eorimneur
Comparative	eorimeoth	eorimmeoth	eorimnaeth	eorimneuth
Vocative	neorim	neorimmeo	neorimnae	neorimneu

neoqa 'rope'	Indefinite Singular	Indefinite Plural	Definite Singular	Definite Plural
Nominative	neoqa	neoqameo	neoqanae	neoqaneu
(Genitive)	neoqan	neoqameon	neoqanaer	neoqaneur
Comparative	neoqath	neoqameoth	neoqanaeth	neoqaneuth
Vocative	neoqa	neoqameo	neoqanae	neoqaneu

Masculine nouns

First declension

First declension masculine nouns end in consonants and the genitive stem is identical to the nominative stem, unless the final consonant is th, dh, s or z, in which case this final consonant is replaced with sj, zj, sj or zj respectively. The accusative stem is formed from the nominative stem as follows:

• If the final consonant is th or dh, it's replaced with t or d respectively.
• If the final consonant is a voiced fricative that is not dh, -dh is suffixed.
• Otherwise, -th is suffixed.

The paradigm is:

Case	Indefinite Singular	Indefinite Plural	Definite Singular	Definite Plural
Nominative	[nom stem]	[nom stem]+meo	[nom stem]+ae	[nom stem]+eu
(Genitive)	[gen stem]	[nom stem]+meon	[nom stem]+aer	[nom stem]+eur
Comparative	[acc stem]	[nom stem]+meoth	[nom stem]+aeth	[nom stem]+euth
Vocative	[lenited nom stem]	[lenited nom stem]+meo	[lenited nom stem]+ae	[lenited nom stem]+eu

Here's an example:

neowaeth 'root'	Indefinite Singular	Indefinite Plural	Definite Singular	Definite Plural
Nominative	neowaeth	neowaethmeo	neowaethae	neowaetheu
(Genitive)	neowaesj	neowaethmeon	neowaethaer	neowaetheur
Comparative	neowaet	neowaethmeoth	neowaethaeth	neowaetheuth
Vocative	neowaeth	neowaethmeo	neowaethae	neowaetheu

Second declension

Second declension masculine nouns end in vowels. The genitive stem is formed by:

• suffixing -r if the last vowel is preceded immediately by a consonant cluster ending in a consonant that's not p, t, c, b, d, g, f, th, ch, v, dh or gh;
• otherwise, replacing the last vowel with -r.

The paradigm is as follows:

Case	Indefinite Singular	Indefinite Plural	Definite Singular	Definite Plural
Nominative	[nom stem]	[gen stem]+eom	[gen stem]+ae	[gen stem]+eu
(Genitive)	[gen stem]+eo	[gen stem]+eomeon	[gen stem]+aer	[gen stem]+eur
Comparative	[gen stem]+th	[gen stem]+eomeoth	[gen stem]+aeth	[gen stem]+euth
Vocative	[lenited nom stem]	[lenited gen stem]+eom	[lenited gen stem]+ae	[lenited gen stem]+eu

An example:

maexneu 'love'	Indefinite Singular	Indefinite Plural	Definite Singular	Definite Plural
Nominative	maexneu	maexneureom	maexneurae	maexneureu
(Genitive)	maexneureo	maexneureomeon	maexneuraer	maexneureur
Comparative	maexneurth	maexneureomeoth	maexneuraeth	maexneureuth
Vocative	waexneu	waexneureom	waexneurae	waexneureu

Verbal nouns ending in -reo are always second declension masculine.

• dexreo 'to rest'
• ithreo 'to eat'
• maerthreo 'to sit'

Phonology of Praimhín's Rencadian

Orthography

IlL/Sketchbook uses its own native alphabet.

The phonetic value of any consonant letter is the first consonant in its name - so that <ʕ> for example sounds like 'ts' (i.e. /tsʰ/) and <ɧ> sounds like 'x' (i.e. /ɮ/)

The letters themselves are derived from pictograms.

• paesj = bear = ɤ
• taenweof = mushroom = ɷ
• tsopeol = hook = ʕ
• saen = head = ɵ
• tqiich = vine = ɖ
• qvaera = clock = ɸ
• tjiweoq = cloud = ɯ
• sjwaet = rose = ɘ
• cmath = jaw = ʟ
• banr = hill = ʌ
• drix = river = ʭ
• dzitra = fence = ʜ
• zaweoth = ant = ɶ
• dxeorsja = plough = ʄ
• xa = human being = ɧ
• djarva = seesaw = ʎ
• zji = hair = ɪ
• gaenu = foot = ʊ
• minth = arm = ʏ
• neoqa = rope = n
• ngeulaer = boat = ʁ
• reoxaeth = tree = ʔ
• rhoadzeot = pineapple = ð
• lif = moon = c
• wuthma = whale = ɚ
• yachta = navel = ʘ
• lenition sign = ː

The phonetic value of a vowel letter is the first vowel in its name.

• a: ʱ (called xa aereo, 'small human being')
• ae: ˠ (paesj aereo 'small bear')
• eo: ˀ (reoxaeth aereo 'small tree')
• i: ʷ (tjiweq aereo 'small cloud')
• o: ˁ (tsopeol aereo 'small hook')
• eu: ʶ (ngeulaer aereo 'small boat')
• u: ˞ (wuthma aereo 'small whale')

Punctuation is as follows:

• [ ] = quotation marks
• . = space/word boundary marker
• ɭ = period
• ɭɭ = comma
• ʕ̰ = semicolon
• ʕ = colon
• The punctuation mark ˈ is placed before sentences and clauses, and ˌ before proper names.

Example:

• ˈɤˠ.ɧʱnˠ.ʏˀnɤːʱʔnʱɯːɭɭ.[ˈʟˁ.ˀɤːɵʱ.ʭːˀ.ɘɚˠɷ.ʏˀ.ɖːˠʌʱnˠɭ]
  Pae xanae meonfarnasj, "Co eofsa dheo sjwaet meo qaebanae."
  /pʰɛ ˈɮanɛ mənˈfarnaʃ ǀ kʰɔ ˈəfsa ðə ˈʃwɛtʰ mə ˈɬɛpanɛ ‖ /
  pae xa-nae meon-farnasj co eofsa dheo sjwaet meo-L tqaeba-nae
  PAST person-SG.DEF.NOM AFF-speak PRES water.SG.INDEF.NOM and rose.SG.INDEF.NOM LOC goblet-SG.DEF.NOM
  The person said, "There's water and a rose in the goblet."

Ahahahaha

Detective: Do you speak another language?
Suspect: Well, some Terg, of course. And Cuatham and...
Detective: No, no, another. Like a Kuderauan language. Because I noticed you have a slight rhotic vowel.
Suspect: Very good, detective. My father was in the foreign service in Clofabinositin."

Hiberno-Clofabic

ustekinumab > *ustichinumha > űtchünmha 'hello'

flovir > flór > ló 'not, no'

/sporavir endin, flo:r sporaksakine endin/ > /foraind, hlo:r foraxsaxnend/ > foraid, ló·fráchned 'I eat, I eat not'

/sporavir valin, flo:r sporaksakine valin/ > /forail, hlo:r foraxsaxneal/ > forail, ló·fráchnel 'thou eatest, thou eatest not'

"Final Countdown"

A Quame language (base 16):

0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 = shmone, sheva, shesh, khamesh, arba, shalosh, shtayim, achat, efes

9, 10 = minus achat, minus shtayim...

16 = iktzaf

32 = dilsha

Uupek

{ng, hng, k, g, x, gh, kʰ, gʰ, ngʰ, k’, kx', ˀg} x {prev, postv, phard uv} x {plain, lab'd} = 72
{ng, hng, k, g, x, gh, kʰ, gʰ, ngʰ, k’, kx', ˀg} x {velar, uvular} x {plain, r-colored} = 48
then, uvular trills!
{ʀ, ʀh} x {plain, lab'd} x {plain, r-colored} = 8
128 in total
{ʀ, ʀh} x {plain, lab'd} x {plain, r-colored. phar'd} = 12

now pharyngeals and glottals
is ʀˁ possible?
that might actually be an epiglottal
i just wanted to get a 12

8 should be fine
it doesn't have to be a round number
{ħ, ʕ, ʔ, ʔˁ, ʜ, ʡ, h, ɦ} x {plain, lab} = 16
should i have glottal affricates? (ʔʰ)
{ħ, ʕ, ʔ, ʔˁ, ʜ, ʡ, h, ɦ, ʔʰ, ʔʰˁ, ʡʰ, ʡ’} x {plain, lab} = 16
24 sorry

108_12
108


is it supposed to be mp3?
R, Rr, Rc.mp3

it does sound like what i'd expect
that last one is sort of a fricated uvular trill
like a uvular ř
that means i'll include them
110z sounds! (z=dozenal)

now, coronals

dental, alveolar, postalveolar, retroflex, (apicovelar?), palatalized dental, pal'd alveolar, phar'd dental, phar'd alveolar, phar'd retroflex -> 9 POA's and we have many more MOA's
{n, hn, t, d, tʰ/tþ, dʰ/dð, þ, ð, tɬ, dɮ, ɬ, ɮ, nl, hnl, nʰ, nlʰ, t’, tɬ’, tþ’, ˀd, ˀdɮ, ˀdð} = 22 MOA's
or 1Az
9*1A = 146z coronals
+ 110z dorsals = 256z so far
we can add more MOA's
{l, flap, lateral flap} * 9 = 23z more consonants
279z consonants
then, trills!
{r, rh, ř, řh} * {alveolar, phar'd alv, postalv, phar'd retroflex} = 14z
291z consonants
actually sorry
{n, hn, t, d, tʰ/tþ, dʰ/dð, þ, ð, tɬ, dɮ, ɬ, ɮ, nl, hnl, nʰ, nlʰ, t’, tɬ’, tþ’, ˀd, ˀdɮ, ˀdð} * 9 POA's * {plain, labialized} = 9*1A*2 = 290z consonants
290z coronals + 14z trills + 110z dorsals = 3B4z in total
i could have more approximants
just 8 more to get to 400z
i'll propose ɰ̠ ɰ̟ ɰ̟ˤ ɰ̠͡ɻ ɰ̟͡ɻ ɰ̟ˤ͡ɻ ɰ̠ʷ ɰ̟ʷ ɰ̟ˤʷ ɰ̠͡ɻʷ ɰ̟͡ɻʷ ɰ̟ˤ͡ɻʷ
that's 10z though so we have 404z consonants
now, clicks!

{dental, alveolar, fricated alveolar, retroflex, fricated retroflex, alveolar lateral, retroflex lateral, palatal} x {!, g!, !h, g!h, n!, n!h, voiceless n!, !ˀ} x {velar, uvular} x {normal, labialized} = 8x8x2x2 = 194z clicks
affricated clicks:
{dental, alveolar, fricated alveolar, retroflex, fricated retroflex, alveolar lateral, retroflex lateral, palatal} x {!, g!, n!, voiceless n!, !ˀ} x {velar affricate, uvular affricate} x {normal, labialized} = 8x5x2x2 = 44z
that's 218z clicks
we have 620z consonants and no labials!
time to add labials
there can be four degrees of labialization: normal, lip rounding, simultaneous labial, the two previous ones together
that doubles the clicks to 434z

plus labial clicks:
{labial, labiodental} x {!, g!, !h, g!h, n!, n!h, voiceless n!, !ˀ} x {velar, uvular} x {normal, labialized} = 2x8x2x2 = 54z
{labial, labiodental} x {!, g!, n!, voiceless n!, !ˀ} x {velar affricate, uvular affricate} x {normal, labialized} = 2x5x2x2 = 34z that's 88z

sorry

{dental, alveolar, fricated alveolar, retroflex, fricated retroflex, alveolar lateral, retroflex lateral, palatal} x {!, g!, !h, g!h, n!, n!h, voiceless n!, !ˀ} x {velar, uvular} x {normal, rounded, simultaneous labial, sim.labial+rounded} = 8x8x2x4 = 368z clicks
affricated clicks:
{dental, alveolar, fricated alveolar, retroflex, fricated retroflex, alveolar lateral, retroflex lateral, palatal} x {!, g!, n!, voiceless n!, !ˀ} x {velar affricate, uvular affricate} x {normal, rounded, simultaneous labial, sim.labial+rounded} = 8x5x2x4 = 228z

plus labial clicks:
{labial, labiodental} x {!, g!, !h, g!h, n!, n!h, voiceless n!, !ˀ} x {velar, uvular} x {normal, labialized} = 2x8x2x2 = 54z
{labial, labiodental} x {!, g!, n!, voiceless n!, !ˀ} x {velar affricate, uvular affricate} x {normal, labialized} = 2x5x2x2 = 34z that's 88z

368+228+88 = 368+2B4 = 660z clicks

660z + 404z = A64z consonants
158z left
linguolabials!
{n, hn, t, d, tʰ/tþ, dʰ/dð, þ, ð, tɬ, dɮ, ɬ, ɮ, nl, hnl, nʰ, nlʰ, t’, tɬ’, tþ’, ˀd, ˀdɮ, ˀdð} = 1A MOA's in linguolabial -> 1Az consonants
that's A82z in total
Linguolabial clicks:
{linguolabial} x {!, g!, !h, g!h, n!, n!h, voiceless n!, !ˀ} x {velar, uvular} x {normal} = 8x2 = 14z
{linguolabial} x {!, g!, n!, voiceless n!, !ˀ} x {velar affricate, uvular affricate} x {normal} = 5x2 = Az that's 22z
A82+22 = AA4z in total (118z left)
labials!
{m, hm, p, b, ɸ, β, pʰ, bʰ, mʰ, p’, pɸ', ˀb} x {normal, labial} x {normal, palatal, pharyngeal, k̠p, k̟p, qpˁ} = 100z consonants
so we have BA4z consonants
18z more to go!
ʋ ʋʲ ʋˤ ʋʷ ʋʷʲ ʋʷˤ ʙ ʙʲ ʙˤ ʙ̥ ʙ̥ʲ ʙ̥ˤ: 8 more to go
these can be alveolar nonsibilant fricatives
θ̠ θ̠ʷ θ̠ʲ θ̠ʷʲ ð̠ ð̠ʷ ð̠ʲ ð̠ʷʲ
we're done!
1000z consonants
"Uupek"
there are technically gaps in the chart (e.g. no retroflex nonsibilant fricatives) as well as unused combinations (nasalized fricatives ...)
but i'd prefer to stop it at 1000z
vowels: a i u a: i: u:

Future Gelorian

Consonants

Consonant phonemes in Gelorian

		Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Pharyngeal	Glottal
Nasal	voiceless	/m̥/	/n̥/			/ŋ̊/
	plain	/m/	/n/			/ŋ/
Stop	tenuis	/p/	/t/			/k/
	voiced	/b/	/d/
	ejective	/pʼ/	/tʼ/			/kʼ/
Fricative/Affricate	voiceless	/f/	/θ/	/s/		/x/	/ħ/	/h/
	voiced	/v/	/ð/	/z/		/ɣ/	/ʕ/
	ejective		/tθʼ/	/tsʼ/
Trill	voiceless			/r̥/
	voiced			/r/
Approximant	voiceless	/ʍ/	/l̥/
	voiced	/w/	/l/	/ɹ/	/j/

Alternate PPfK

m n ŋ ŋʷ ɴ ɴʷ
m’ n’ ŋ’ ŋʷ’ ɴ’ ɴʷ’
p t ts tɬ k kʷ q qʷ ʔ
p’ t’ ts’ tɬ’ k’ kʷ’ q’ qʷ’
s ɬ x xʷ χ χʷ h
s’ ɬ’ x’ xʷ’ χ’ χʷ’
l r w j
l’ r’ w’ j’
a i u ə ā ī ū

Yan tan tethara

• txīmo, sīmo, noxxū, xoxxū, tzouo, chauo, raxxū, uaya, paxxū, chaya?
• txīmo, txixxū, noxxū, xoxxū, tzoxxū, chauo, raxxū, yaxxū, paxxū, chaya?

Poshic

• b d ʒ λ ǯ g (like Korean ㄱ)
• p t c ƛ č k (like Korean ㅋ)
• tt cc ƛƛ čč kk (like Korean ㄲ)
• s ł š h
• r w y

• i ue u
• e oe eo o
• ae a

Unknown Quame branch

Consonants:

p t ts tɬ tʃ k q ʔ

b~v d~ð dz~z dʒ~ʒ g~ɣ

f s ɬ ʃ h

m n w l r j

• kʷēma > teyma
• tiłōr > šiłoyr
• nazgē > nadzgey > nagdzey
• λaup'ē > džaupey
• caliłē > tšaliłey
• stāma > šayma
• rōdē > roydey
• lozedē > lozedey
• pʼazgʷē > padzgey > pagdzey
• qʼeyōr > ʔeyoyr > yoyr

A Damin

• Nasals: ɱ n̼ ɳ ɲ
• Plosives: d̼ ʈ c'
• Affricates: tθ ʡħ
• Fricatives: ð̼ θ̱ ç
• Clicks: ʞ
• Liquids: ʙ ʟ ʢ
• vowels: y ɤ æ

CW Minlang #1

/t k n a i ə/

Tuna Sandwich

Vowels are doubled for length.

• ₳ = /a/
• ฿ = /b/
• ​₫ = /ð/
• ₯ = /ɮ/
• € = /i/
• ¢ = /k/
• ¢¢ = /ts/
• ​₡ = /kʷ/
• ₲ = /qʷ/
• ​₣ = /w/
• ₰ = /f/
• ₴ = /ʔ/
• Ħ = /h/
• ₭ = /x/
• £ = /l/
• ₤ = /ɬ/
• ℳ = /m/
• ₦ = /n/
• ¤ = /ə/
• ₱ = /p/
• ₧ = /r/
• $ = /s/
• ₪ = /ʃ/
• ৳ = /tʃ/
• ​₮ = /tɬ/
• ₩ = /u/
• X̱ = /χ/
• ¥ = /j/
• zł = /zʷ/

Coffeebrew

ha-: declarative

ze-: interrogative

she-, le-, be-, mi-, ...

lakov: person

iktzaf: language

mutza: be

me-dosh: sea

shakfa - go

daldelet - bird

Haimuktzatzaf: I am a language.

Haimuktzatzafiya: I am not a language.

Halamukotzav: I am a person.

ha-147258693: 123 456's 789

Halakodalkofadeltov: The man likes the bird

ze-124375869: does 123 456 789?

Quame substrate

p pʰ b t tʰ d ts tsʰ dz k kʰ g q qʰ ɢ
f v s z h m n ŋ l ɬ r w y ʟ ʟ̥
a ā e ē i ī o ō u ū

rū = 1
loze = 2
dō = 3
mara = 4
bila = 5
dendza = 6
rūd = 7
lozed = 8
pazwa = 9
waru = 10

Blablabla

Brüschlingssträpfchenentzürmungsdreicherwildeleischenerbröpflichkeitsspülzergebraußerspeichelsmäudsgrefferklittenwertsbrimmendlicherungsschnäfternascherndräckelbassungsbärzenherdlichengerützelbeunungströtterbeteibertenspründerschlettengeschärtungsentdraufengeschiemlichkeitsneftertreuenhauscheraufstrüpfenanwadlungsstaufengrammlermeitscherluchseneinstrupfungsgeweidsschmesserdornenbekeifersträmpferentblüstungsgefrützerhaumenrießenschweiherbockerschaftsbedeuferungsbezandlungsgestürdenscheuchterdachsergeisterzerbrüttungsfrätterschoffergriedenteckenschwindsgemerzenheitsbrauftenscharnesspeizendentkremmensielesstrüstergezwohrenenvergräuferspeilenhuftschuckerverwaftungsschmagenentdränzerwinkenmeundenbielerglüftenverzäumlichkeitspfarnengortenspahlenentschrangenkrindenschufendriechengreierschnockenwiegerwungenschieberdähmenstuchtgejästnisgräbenspunkereienschneiligungsspürzenknafterschaumenbrußenbedreuernisjackerkeldungsheidenschmüsselnzudrenkenrumpferleigungsbehedigungsschweiterwackengesteckerbeizerwendungsfrüchlingszweibenseiderschangenhubergeidengemermlichkeitsgelechterschlammengogengettenberzlerfiegenlundenbädelnspanderquändelerbeichenstahrgebütenhenerbluhnenentzängerbreumenbefärzigergampfendreigenschaftszerbrenklungsgebrohungsschmindlergaftengaufsgekemmtenbräuzchenzerkreinerndenschleitenhaufsdröffernzerschwällenzwünderdreisungsenttrebenpflingergreuferschmaunenverrümmerkreibenquängerheitsschmatterverzwenkerungsflebereibenguftenjangereideldreibengangenbleizerbehürberschierdequammerhüngenbrössenbekleiterzwandengemiegerzeistigungsbegählnisberachtungsschwadenkrütteranklaumenschweicherleinerbröhnungsneidelnkufenschrankenziederdrabenschöhlerbruhnspeutscherentgäumungsvergürblichungsverweidnisglündergehuhmendreucherbeibengreusteszwerterschründereienbücklingserstorchenspienerhetschergohrenausschweislichkeitenlemdengetranderschrifferbeschlecherlingswingerkrantengedärzerzärncheneinfleuderhackerstälzenbriednisseigerungsverdraußerräuchselstommerfrätzelschlünterstürglingszwätcheneinblittenspüßenentdried

Die Breige hüben friene Grauscher,
in siefe ausgepferzte dauscher;
Säder brinnt zer einem Wist,
Fagel hirzen leine drisst.
Beđehn' die dir in Ŧimst entfeißet,
gim itzo Feuche haben,
und Meden brassen was mich sŧeißet,
Đechse vorzuschraben.
Wenngleich das Werg in Krafe seucht,
mieŧ' ich wie Sprame gürfen;
Denn mich bekriest die weistlich' Dreucht,
die mich in Reune stürfen.
Mein Günden heigt im färz'gen Harbe;
was mich zur gracken Fasen funget.
Feisen Ŧickmasionen ŧarbe,
neifen sie herch hinbrunget.

Was Zühlen erkeifet, bacht heinaden Gand;
Mein' Kründ'rung erbrauget und diro getrannt.
Die Juchtlingen pfriechender Häumchen zu henken,
Verschwilligereien, die itzund uns brenken.
Wir reftmunschig braußen,
mit zärbenden Faußen,
Ermeie uns, wenn unser' Berze dir schmannt!

Future Korean

Should be Irishy

Themsarian/de

Der korrekte Titel dieses Artikels lautet "Themsarisch".

Die themsarische Sprache, auch bezeichnet als Edles Themsarisch, ist eine alte talsmische Sprache, die im Andaegṓr-Imperium gebräuchlich war.

PIE in Hebrew

This Hebrew abjadic script is based on the glottalic theory: "voiced" stops are written as Hebrew emphatic consonants, and "breathy voiced" stops are written as voiced stops. Also note that the "palatal" series of stops is transcribed with the Hebrew affricate series (thus showing a coincidental Satem bias).

Consonants
		Labial	Coronal	Dorsal			Laryngeal
				palatal	plain	labial
Nasal		מ *m	נ *n
Plosive	voiceless	פ *p	ת *t	ס *ḱ	כ *k	כ׳ *kʷ
	voiced/ejective?	(פ׳ *b)	ט *d	צ *ǵ	ק *g	ק׳ *gʷ
	(breathy) voiced	ב *bʰ	ד *dʰ	ז *ǵʰ	ג *gʰ	ג׳ *gʷʰ
Fricative			ש *s				א *Ø ה *h₁ ע *h₂ ע׳ *h₃
Liquid			ר *r ל *l
Semivowel				י *y		ו *w

Ablaut grades
אֶ *e	אָ *o
אֵ *ē	אֹ *ō
אְ *Ø

Schleicher's fable

עָ֫וְיְש הֶ֫סְוׂשךֶ׳

h₂ówis h₁ék’wōsk^we

עָ֫וְיְש, יֶ֫שְמְין עְוְלְעְנֶ֫ע נֶאֶ֫הֶשְת, טֶטָרְסֶ הֶ֫סְוָנְש, תָ֫ם, וָ֫זָם קֶ֫׳רְעְוְם וֶ֫זָנְתְם, תָ֫ם, בָ֫רָם מֶ֫צָעְם, תָ֫ם, דְזֶ֫מָנְם עָאְסְ֫ו בֶ֫רָנְתְם. עָ֫וְיְש הֶ֫סְוָבָש אֶוֶוְכֶ׳(ת): סֵרְט עְגְנְוְתָי מָי וְיְטְנְתֶ֫י דְזְמָ֫נְם הֶ֫סְוָנְש עֶ֫זצָנְתְם. הֶ֫סְוׂש הֶוֶוְך׳: סְלְוְדְי, עָוְי! סֵרְט עְגְנְוְתָי וְיְטְנְתְבָ֫ש: דְזֶ֫מֹ(ן), פָ֫תְיְס, עְוְלְנֶ֫עְם עָ֫וְיָם כְ׳נֶוְתְי שֶ֫בָי גִ֫׳רְמָם וֶ֫שְתְרָם; עֶ֫וְיְבָשךֶ׳ וְלְעְנֶ֫ע נֶ֫הֶסְתְי. תָ֫ט סֶסְלְוְוׂ֫ש עָ֫וְיְש עֶ֫צְרָם אֶבְוְקֶ(ת).

h₂ówis, (H)jésmin h₂wlh₂néh₂ ne éh₁est, dedork’e (h₁)ék’wons, tóm, wóg’^hom g^wérh₂um wég’^hontm, tóm, b^hórom még’oh₂m, tóm, d^hg’^hémonm h₂oHk’ú b^hérontm. h₂ówis (h₁)ék’wob^hos ewewk^we(t): k’ḗrd h₂g^hnutoj moj widntéj d^hg’^hmónm (h₁)ék’wons h₂ég’ontm. (h₁)ék’wōs ewewk^w: k’lud^hí, h₂ówi! k’ḗrd h₂g^hnutoj widntb^hós: d^hg’^hémō(n), pótis, h₂wlnéh₂m h₂ówjom k^wnewti séb^hoj g^whérmom wéstrom; h₂éwib^hosk^we h₂wlh₂néh₂ né h₁esti. Tód k’ek’luwṓs h₂ówis h₂ég’rom eb^huge(t).

Semitic notes

u/i merge: Ge'ez; a/i merge: (kinda) Hebrew; a/u merge: (kinda) Socovíc as of 3/16/2015

North Semlang 2nd try

• still want conditional a/u merger and nasal Vs
• i-umlaut
  • a, u > ø / _Ci
  • ā > é / _Ci
  • u > ø / _Ci
  • ū > ý / _Ci
  • aw > ǿ / _Ci
  • ay > í / _Ci
• need to start from triptotic declension here:

PNSem

Case	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	yawmu	yawmā(mi)	yawmū(ma)
Accusative	yawma	yawmay(mi)	yawmī(ma)
Genitive	yawmi	yawmay(mi)	yawmī(ma)

Early

Case	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	jóm	jómá(mi)	jómú(m)
Accusative	jóm~jómi	jómé(mi)	jómí(m)
Genitive	jómi	jómé(mi)	jómí(m)

Judeo-Indo-Aryan

A modern Indo-Aryan language spoken by Jews in India.

• Use Babylonian Hebrew, not Tiberian Hebrew
• Differs more from Hindustani than Yiddish does from German
• Lot of additional palatalization

Atzòpic

Atzòpic
hìzbut atzòpį
Pronunciation	[[Help:IPA|atsəˈpĩ]]
Created by	–
Language family	Zachydic Raxo-Talsmic Ractamic Atzòpic
Early form	Old Atzòpic

Neguąsitł Linguifeczix, acthìzbutètł dǫsix uicìx!

Motivated by Raxic C[+ejective]V > Atzòpic C[-ejective]V[+creaky] - Hence the ejectives disappear.

/ks/ > /xs/ > /ʃ/

Seven cases:

• nominative -Ø
• accusative -z
• genitive -c (animate sg.?)/-z (inanimate sg.?)/-u (animate pl.?)
• dative -tł
• locative-comitative -x
• ablative -ː~ (nasalized vowel)
• instrumental -ːl

Vowels change according to historical stress positions as well as historical ejective consonants. The Ractamic stress/vowel system start out similarly to Latin, but develop in very different directions.

Consonants
		Labial	Coronal		Palatal	Velar		Uvular	Glottal
			central	lateral		plain	labialized
Nasal		m /m/	n /n/			[ŋ]
Plosive	tenuis	p /p/	t /t/			c /k/	qu /kʷ/		h /ʔ/
	aspirated	b /pʰ/	d /tʰ/			g /kʰ/	gu /kʷʰ/
Fricative		f /f/	z /s~z/	ł /ɬ/	x /ʃ/				[ʰ~ɦ]
Affricate	tenuis		tz /ts/	tł /tɬ/	tx /tʃ/
	aspirated		dz /tsʰ/	dł /tɬʰ/	dx /tʃʰ/
Approximant			s /ɹ/	l /l/	y /j/		u /w/
Trill			r /r/

Music theory terminology

• blackwood[10] major: rāmáth 'diurnal'
• blackwood[10] minor: mináth 'nocturnal'
• the different ways of subtly tuning/i.e. well-temperaments are called 'seasons' (that lengthen or shorten the day and night).

Diachronics lab

Pluractionality ≈ antipassive

we exc/inc > we formal/intimate

Demonstrative/definite affix > construct state: PL-clam-those [of the] man > PL-clam-CONST man

Classifiers are in construct state

this CL NOUN > the.GENDER NOUN

apposition NOUN-1SG NOUN > CL-1SG NOUN > of_i-1SG NOUN_i

PREP-3SG NOUN > CASE.SG-NOUN

CONJ VERB NOUN > PREP NOUN

evidential-marking "because" or "therefore", as opposed to the protasis verb

feminine > abstract > honorific