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:[[Ciêng/Lexicon]]
{{list subpages}}
:[[Ciêng/Swadesh list]]


Inspirations: Vietnamese, Old Irish, Tiberian Hebrew, Maltese (and Hmong?)
== Phonology ==
p t c k kħ q = /p t k q {{qeth}} ʔ/; ph th ch kh ħ = /f θ x χ ħ/


{{Infobox language
m n ng; mh nh ngh = /m n ŋ; v{{nas}} (lenis n) (lenis ŋ)/
|image =
|imagesize =
|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]], [[User:Praimhín|Praimhín]]
|name = Ciêng
|nativename = jươn Ciêng
|pronunciation=/jɨən kiəŋ/ 
|setting = [[Verse:Tricin]]
|region = Bjeheond
|speakers= 270 million
|date=13b0dd
|familycolor=tergetic
|fam1=[[Lakovic]]
|fam2=[[Ashanic]]
|script=Windermere script
|iso3=
|notice=IPA
}}


'''Ciêng''' (''KEE-əng''; natively: /kīəŋ/, [[Windermere]]: ''brits Cieng'') is a tonal [[Ashanic languages|Ashanic]] language spoken in Tumhan, inspired by Vietnamese and Welsh. ("What if Vietnamese were rhotic?") It is closely related to [[Windermere/Classical|Classical Windermere]] but is not a direct descendant of it.
x s h = /ɬ ʃ h/


==Diachronics==
b ƀ đ d y g ǥ għ = /v (bilabial l) ɮ ð y ɣ ʟ ayin/
TODO: cluster reflexes


Waaay before Grimm's law, thus b p were still voiced and tenuis stops > p + low resp. high tone classes
r l /r l/


Khmmerization BEFORE tone split
i ê e a o ô u = /i e ɛ a ɔ o u/; ă = shva na; ĕ = ultrashort e; ie uo


Numbers: thon, rà, tziêu, khuốc, wượr, tai /θɔn, ra, tsiəw, χuək, wɚ:, tai/
Ultrashort vowels cannot carry independent tones


whếp = light
tones: high low falling rising nga nang


whì = dust
has lenition, lateralization and h-prothesis~aspiration mutations
=== Mutations ===
# Lenition: m n ng p t c k kħ s v l r -> mh ng ngh b d y g għ h 0 l r
# Lateralization: m n ng p t c k kħ s v l r -> ƀ l ng ƀ đ ǥ ǥ għ x l l r
# Aspiration: m n ng p t c k kħ s v l r -> m n ng ph th ch kh ħ s ph x rh


Rhìa whươn mì Whền Whết = I live in Whehli (means something different with different tones)
== Proto-language ==
5 vowels: i e a o u, each syllable had high and low tones


lieb "to put" ~ lliệm
allowed syllables: CV, CVn, CVs, CVl (CVnC becomes CV(sokuon)C as in Hebrew)


dưan tlẹ = to thank in Ciêng?
Todo: Stress patterns for construct nouns and dependent verbs


tlẹ could be cognate to tănlea "to refuse", dưan is cognate to Windermere şän
Consonants: m n ŋ p t c k q 2 s w l r y /m n ŋ p t k q{{adv}} q{{ret}} ʔ ʃ w l r j/


khổi = reflexive pronoun
== Morphology ==
Old Irish-style independent-dependent verbal allomorphy, which includes tone changes (the proto-stage had level tones and was predominantly CV, with geminates, nC and sC clusters. tones in reduced syllables leave a mark on the stressed syllable, making tones more complex)


thỏi = learn (~ snoach)
nouns have unpredictable allomorphs as well, worse than TibH construct state (absolute~construct since easy to justify with stress)
 
rêng = net
 
truồng = long
===Final + tone reflexes===
*-p < PAsh -b
 
*-b *-d *-g should fricativize and become tones, not *-p *-t, *-k
 
*snoach ~ thộc  (snòχ < *snòk in Classical Wdm)
 
*ăwoch ~ wốc "bone"
 
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
'''m n nr ng''' /m n (retro n) ŋ/
 
'''p t tr tl c qu''' /p t tʂ tl k kw ʔ/ (/ʔ/ not written)
 
'''ph th kh wh''' /f θ χ χw/
 
'''z s rh ll h''' /s ʃ r̥ ɬ h/
 
'''tz ts''' /ts tʃ/
 
'''w r l j''' /w r l ʒ/
 
-w- is an onglide
 
===Vowels===
'''ă a â e ê i o ô u ư ao eo êu aư ai oi ôi ia/iê iêu ua/uô uôi ăr ar er ir or ur âr''' /a ɑ: ɜ ɛ e~ɪ~ɛɪ i~ɪj ɔ əʊ~əʏ u: ɨ: aʊ ɛʊ eʊ aʏ aɪ ɔɪ oɪ iə iəw uə uəj æɹ ɒɹ eɹ iɹ oɹ oɹ əɹ/
 
===Tones===
6 tones of Viet
==Sample text==
===UDHR===
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
Ciêng
 
Sồn khổ sây àng khèn wỗi tề tưr thến mì pòi rhành tề mốc sin. Tzôr jánh llao ngá phuộng long tề ngá mông lla, àng thwàr nạt tzôr tsó thon sa whảy mì rhuỗr dàư khung tweng.
{{col-break}}
Ciêng Gloss
 
all person are_born then free bone and equal same in state dignity and get right. they receive down ability reason and ability think back, and must SUBJ they work act one to other in heart of love fellow
 
{{col-break}}
[[Windermere|Modern Wdm.]]
 
Tsor croth fa ășeal pluam te thür mis hăltsăbas tes imłin. Ănam hac răfongüe yas hălpăthin tes hălslith'a, te pdar thușnoa e nam tănse fidoan măceaf nătha mis șăgor hălchăsräf.
 
{{col-break}}
English
 
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood.
{{col-end}}
[[Category:Tricin]][[Category:Lakovic languages]]
[[Category:Languages]]

Revision as of 19:36, 23 February 2022

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Inspirations: Vietnamese, Old Irish, Tiberian Hebrew, Maltese (and Hmong?)

Phonology

p t c k kħ q = /p t k q ʡ ʔ/; ph th ch kh ħ = /f θ x χ ħ/

m n ng; mh nh ngh = /m n ŋ; ṽ (lenis n) (lenis ŋ)/

x s h = /ɬ ʃ h/

b ƀ đ d y g ǥ għ = /v (bilabial l) ɮ ð y ɣ ʟ ayin/

r l /r l/

i ê e a o ô u = /i e ɛ a ɔ o u/; ă = shva na; ĕ = ultrashort e; ie uo

Ultrashort vowels cannot carry independent tones

tones: high low falling rising nga nang

has lenition, lateralization and h-prothesis~aspiration mutations

Mutations

  1. Lenition: m n ng p t c k kħ s v l r -> mh ng ngh b d y g għ h 0 l r
  2. Lateralization: m n ng p t c k kħ s v l r -> ƀ l ng ƀ đ ǥ ǥ għ x l l r
  3. Aspiration: m n ng p t c k kħ s v l r -> m n ng ph th ch kh ħ s ph x rh

Proto-language

5 vowels: i e a o u, each syllable had high and low tones

allowed syllables: CV, CVn, CVs, CVl (CVnC becomes CV(sokuon)C as in Hebrew)

Todo: Stress patterns for construct nouns and dependent verbs

Consonants: m n ŋ p t c k q 2 s w l r y /m n ŋ p t k q̟ q̠ ʔ ʃ w l r j/

Morphology

Old Irish-style independent-dependent verbal allomorphy, which includes tone changes (the proto-stage had level tones and was predominantly CV, with geminates, nC and sC clusters. tones in reduced syllables leave a mark on the stressed syllable, making tones more complex)

nouns have unpredictable allomorphs as well, worse than TibH construct state (absolute~construct since easy to justify with stress)

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