User:Praimhín/Tamizh: Difference between revisions
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h2er-t- 'order' (c.f. sanskrit ṛta, avestan arta) -> ārþ 'time' -> -árt (when) (like how clofabosin got sertib) -> -ál (if) (e.g. peruttál = if (someone) carried) | h2er-t- 'order' (c.f. sanskrit ṛta, avestan arta) -> ārþ 'time' -> -árt (when) (like how clofabosin got sertib) -> -ál (if) (e.g. peruttál = if (someone) carried) | ||
areþ 'time' | |||
límai 'lake' | |||
arittu 'bear' (the animal) | |||
toru 'house' (from 'wood' -> 'timber' -> 'house') | |||
virat 'root' | |||
tí 'fire' (from *dyéws 'sky' -> 'sun' -> 'fire') | |||
kém 'ice' (from *ǵʰyems) | |||
stáva, státti, stákir 'stand' | |||
kwinsuva, kwinsutti, kwinsukir 'wander' (from *gʷem 'come/go' + -sḱe durative) | |||
poríva, porítti, poríkir 'give' (from *bʰoreyeti) | |||
firsuva, firsutti, firsukir 'deny' (from *pṛsḱe- 'ask' -> 'suspect' -> 'deny') | |||
veippa, veitti, veikkir 'know' (from *weyd) | |||
arippa, aritti, arikkir 'understand' (a semantic shift from *ḱred-dʰeh3 'believe' -> hret- -> arit-, with the dʰeh3 reinterpreted as a perfective marker) | |||
-mṇ -> -men -> -me -> -mai (abstract noun) | -mṇ -> -men -> -me -> -mai (abstract noun) | ||
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In the second stage, the imperfective and perfective aspects turn into nonpast and past tenses, like what happened in Israeli Hebrew and Arabic. Erosion turns the suffixes into -v-/-pp-/-p- and -nt-/-tt-/-t- respectively (through Grimm-like sound changes: dh -> d -> t while old t -> þ; the nasal in -nt- comes from PIE verbs where -nu- is infixed in the present tense). | In the second stage, the imperfective and perfective aspects turn into nonpast and past tenses, like what happened in Israeli Hebrew and Arabic. Erosion turns the suffixes into -v-/-pp-/-p- and -nt-/-tt-/-t- respectively (through Grimm-like sound changes: dh -> d -> t while old t -> þ; the nasal in -nt- comes from PIE verbs where -nu- is infixed in the present tense). | ||
In the last stage, a new present tense is innovated from *kʷel 'to turn', which gets morphed into a suffix -kir- (by a somewhat Persian-like sound change: l -> r, rd/rt -> l. and old *rH and *lH -> zh) Meanwhile, the old nonpast is used for both the habitual present and the future tense. Verbs analogically level into 7 classes with variations. | In the last stage, a new present tense is innovated from a combination of *gʰi- and *kʷel 'to turn', which gets morphed into a suffix -kir- (by a somewhat Persian-like sound change: l -> r, rd/rt -> l. and old *rH and *lH -> zh) Meanwhile, the old nonpast is used for both the habitual present and the future tense. Verbs analogically level into 7 classes with variations. | ||
The syntax gets more head-final and agglutinative as it evolves (and grammatical gender gets correlated with lexical gender), and the modern form is practically Altaic. | The syntax gets more head-final and agglutinative as it evolves (and grammatical gender gets correlated with lexical gender), and the modern form is practically Altaic. | ||
=Phonology= | =Phonology= | ||
Somewhere between Germanic and actual Tamil: p f t þ s k h kw hw m n ŋ l r zh y | Somewhere between Germanic and actual Tamil: p f t þ s k h kw hw~w m n ŋ l r zh y v a á e é i í o ó u ú ai ei eu au | ||
u = /ɨ/ | u = /ɨ/ | ||
Revision as of 10:47, 7 February 2018
Tamizh is an Indo-European language spoken in [alternate history].
Todo
Conjugation of "to carry":
peruva, peruvar, peruva, peruvóm, peruvai, peruvan = future/habitual tense inflection
perutti, peruttir, perutti, peruttóm, peruttai, peruttin = past tense inflection
perukir, perukir, perukir, perukiróm, perukirai, perukiran = present tense inflection
needs more TAM suffixes
ót(u)- = to run (from h₃ed- semantically drifted from 'hate')
h2er-t- 'order' (c.f. sanskrit ṛta, avestan arta) -> ārþ 'time' -> -árt (when) (like how clofabosin got sertib) -> -ál (if) (e.g. peruttál = if (someone) carried)
areþ 'time'
límai 'lake'
arittu 'bear' (the animal)
toru 'house' (from 'wood' -> 'timber' -> 'house')
virat 'root'
tí 'fire' (from *dyéws 'sky' -> 'sun' -> 'fire')
kém 'ice' (from *ǵʰyems)
stáva, státti, stákir 'stand'
kwinsuva, kwinsutti, kwinsukir 'wander' (from *gʷem 'come/go' + -sḱe durative)
poríva, porítti, poríkir 'give' (from *bʰoreyeti)
firsuva, firsutti, firsukir 'deny' (from *pṛsḱe- 'ask' -> 'suspect' -> 'deny')
veippa, veitti, veikkir 'know' (from *weyd)
arippa, aritti, arikkir 'understand' (a semantic shift from *ḱred-dʰeh3 'believe' -> hret- -> arit-, with the dʰeh3 reinterpreted as a perfective marker)
-mṇ -> -men -> -me -> -mai (abstract noun)
Plan
In the first stage, verbs develop aspect marking by suffixing -dheh3 and -bhuh2 (the first is perfective and the second imperfective, much like Welsh uses gwneud and bod).
In the second stage, the imperfective and perfective aspects turn into nonpast and past tenses, like what happened in Israeli Hebrew and Arabic. Erosion turns the suffixes into -v-/-pp-/-p- and -nt-/-tt-/-t- respectively (through Grimm-like sound changes: dh -> d -> t while old t -> þ; the nasal in -nt- comes from PIE verbs where -nu- is infixed in the present tense).
In the last stage, a new present tense is innovated from a combination of *gʰi- and *kʷel 'to turn', which gets morphed into a suffix -kir- (by a somewhat Persian-like sound change: l -> r, rd/rt -> l. and old *rH and *lH -> zh) Meanwhile, the old nonpast is used for both the habitual present and the future tense. Verbs analogically level into 7 classes with variations.
The syntax gets more head-final and agglutinative as it evolves (and grammatical gender gets correlated with lexical gender), and the modern form is practically Altaic.
Phonology
Somewhere between Germanic and actual Tamil: p f t þ s k h kw hw~w m n ŋ l r zh y v a á e é i í o ó u ú ai ei eu au
u = /ɨ/
PIE *t d dʰ -> þ t t