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==My Somali Arabic alphabet==
==My Somali Arabic alphabet==
===Letters===
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+Somali Arabic Alphabet
! colspan="2" |Name
! colspan="4" |Forms
! rowspan="2" |Sound represented
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Somali Latin alphabet|Latin]] equivalent
! rowspan="2" |Notes
|-
! Arabicized
! Traditional Somali
!Isolated
!Final
!Medial
!Initial
|-
|colspan="2"| ʾalif<br>الف
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ا</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـا</span>
|
|
| - / /aː/
| -
| ''ʾalif'' has two functions: firstly, as a carrier for ''hamzah'' (which may not be written, especially at the beginning of words). Secondly, for showing the long vowel "aa".
|-
| bāʾ<br>باء
| ba'<br>بأ
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ب</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـب</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـبـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">بـ</span>
|/b/
|b
|
|-
| tāʾ<br>تاء
| ta'<br>تأ
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ت</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـت</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـتـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">تـ</span>
|/t/
|t
|
|-
|thāʼ <br>ثاء
|θa' <br>ثأ
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ث</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـث</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـثـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ثـ</span>
|/θ/ (Arabic)
|s
|Not used in native Somali words; mainly used in Arabic loanwords.
|-
|jīm<br>جيم
|jīn<br>جين
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ج</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـج</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـجـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">جـ</span>
|/d͡ʒ/
|j
|
|-
|ḥāʾ<br>حاء
|xa'
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ح</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـح</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـحـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">حـ</span>
|/ħ/
|x
|
|-
|khāʾ<br>خاء
| kha'
|<span style="font-size:160%;">خ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـخ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـخـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">خـ</span>
|/χ/
|kh
|
|-
|dāl<br>دال
| deel
|<span style="font-size:160%;">د</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـد</span>
|
|
|/d/
|d
|
|-
|dhāl<br>ذال
| ðeel
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ذ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـذ</span>
|
|
|/ð/ (Arabic)
|d
|Not used in native Somali words; mainly used in Arabic loanwords.
|-
|dhāl<br>ڎال
| dheel
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ڎ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـڎ</span>
|
|
|/ɖ/
|dh
|Additional letter not present in Arabic. Properly used for post-vocalic non-geminated /ɖ/ (which is replaced with /r/ in many dialects).
|-
|rāʾ<br>راء
| ra'
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ر</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـر</span>
|
|
|/r/
|r
|
|-
|zāy<br>زاي
| za'
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ز</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـز</span>
|
|
|/z/ (Arabic)
|s
| In Arabic loanwords.
|-
|sīn<br>سين
| siin
|<span style="font-size:160%;">س</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـس</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـسـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">سـ</span>
|/s/
|s
|
|-
|shīn<br>شين
| shiin
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ش</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـش</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـشـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">شـ</span>
|/ʃ/
|sh
|
|-
|ṣād<br>صاد
| ṣaad
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ص</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـص</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـصـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">صـ</span>
|/sˁ/ (Arabic)
|s
|Not used in native Somali words; mainly used in Arabic loanwords.
|-
|ḍād <br>ضاد
| ḍaad
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ض</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـض</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـضـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ضـ</span>
|/d͡ɮˁ/ (Arabic)
|l, d
|Not used in native Somali words; mainly used in Arabic loanwords.
|-
|ṭāʾ<br>طاء
| ṭa'
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ط</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـط</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـطـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">طـ</span>
|/t/, /ɖ/
|d
|Not used in native Somali words; mainly used in Arabic loanwords.
|-
|ẓāʾ <br>ظاء
| ð̣a'
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ظ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـظ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـظـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ظـ</span>
|/ðˁ/
|d
|Not used in native Somali words; mainly used in Arabic loanwords.
|-
|dhāʾ<br>ڟاء
| dha'
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ڟ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـڟ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـڟـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ڟـ</span>
|/ɖ/
|dh
|Additional letter not present in Arabic. Properly used for initial, post-consonantal, and geminated /ɖ/ (which is not replaced with /r/ in any dialect).
|-
|ʿayn<br>عين
| cayn
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ع</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـع</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـعـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">عـ</span>
|/ʕ/
| c
|
|-
|ghayn<br>غين
| ɣayn
|<span style="font-size:160%;">غ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـغ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـغـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">غـ</span>
|/ɣ/~/g/
|g
|Not used in native Somali words; mainly used in Arabic loanwords.
|-
|fāʾ<br>فاء
| fa'
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ف</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـف</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـفـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">فـ</span>
|/f/
|f
|
|-
|qāf<br>قاف
| qaaf
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ق</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـق</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـقـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">قـ</span>
|/q/
|q
|
|-
|kāf<br>كاف
| kaaf
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ك</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـك</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـكـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">كـ</span>
|/k/
|k
|
|-
|gāf<br>ڬاف
| gaaf
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ڬ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـڬ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـڬـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ڬـ</span>
|/ɡ/
|g
|Additional letter not present in Arabic.
|-
|lām<br>لام
| laan
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ل</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـل</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـلـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">لـ</span>
|/l/
|l
|
|-
|mīm<br>ميم
| miin
|<span style="font-size:160%;">م</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـم</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـمـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">مـ</span>
|/m/
|m
|
|-
|nun<br>نون
| nuun
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ن</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـن</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـنـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">نـ</span>
|/n/
|n
|
|-
|wāw<br>واو
| woow
|<span style="font-size:160%;">و</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـو</span>
|
|
|/w/<Br>/ɞ:/, /ɔ:/, /ʉ:/, /u:/
|w and oo, uu
|The letter ''wāw'' serves three functions. First is as a consonant, with a sound [w]. Second is in writing of long vowels "oo" and "uu". Finally, it is sometimes used as a carrier for hamzah.
|-
|hāʾ<br>هاء
| ha'
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ه</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـه</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـهـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">هـ</span>
|/h/
|h
|
|-
|yāʾ<br>ياء
| ya'
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ي</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـي</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ـيـ</span>
|<span style="font-size:160%;">يـ</span>
|/j/<Br>/e:/, /ɛ:/, /i:/, /ɪ:/
| y, ee, ii
| The letter ''yāʾ'' serves three functions. First is as a consonant, with a sound [j]. Second is in writing of long vowels "ee" and "ii". Finally, it is used as a carrier for hamzah.
|-
|hamzah<br>همزة
| hamse/firgin
|<span style="font-size:160%;">ء</span>
|
|
|
|/ʔ/
| ’
| It may be written on its own (ء) or with a carrier (أ، ؤ، ئ) depending on the environment.
|}
===Vowel diacritics===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+Vowel diacritics in Somali Arabic Alphabet
|-
! -a || -e || -i || -o || -u
|-dir="rtl"
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌َ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌َِ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ِ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ٗ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">◌ُ</span>
|}
Long vowels are written as the short vowel followed by the corresponding consonant letter.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+ Long vowels in Somali Arabic Alphabet
|-
! -aa || -ee || -ii || -oo || -uu
|-dir="rtl"
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـَا</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـَِي</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـِي</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـٗو</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">ـُو</span>
|}
Vowels, when occurring at the beginning of words, are placed on top of ''alif'' (ا). This ''alif'' actually has a ''hamzah'' on it; however, this ''hamzah'' is often left unwritten. Long vowels are written as they would be in the middle of the word, except that ''wāw'' (و), and ''yāʾ'' (ي) would be preceded by ''alif'' instead of another consonant.The exception to this convention is long vowel [aa], where similar to Arabic, ''[[w:Arabic_diacritics#Maddah|alif maddah]]'' (آ) is used.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|+Vowels at the beginning of words in Somali Arabic Alphabet
|-
! colspan = "5" | Short vowels
! colspan = "5" | Long vowels
|-
! A || E || I || O || U || Aa || Ee || Ii || Oo || Uu
|-dir="rtl"
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اَ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اَِ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اِ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اٗ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اُ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">آ</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اَِي</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اِي</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اٝو</span>
| <span style="font-size:200%;line-height:1.35;">اُو</span>
|}
Like in Arabic, ''sukūn'' (◌ْ) and ''shaddah'' (◌ّ) are used to indicate an unvowelled consonant and a geminate consonant respectively. They can also be used on the consonant letter of long vowels; however, they are more often dropped.
Shariifka
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