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Valthungian: Difference between revisions
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→Forming the Progressive
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The progressive is formed using the auxiliary verb ''sitna'' ‘to sit’ and the preposition ''bī'' ‘by’, followed by the infinitive. (In very formal language, you may encounter ''sitna bi'' followed by the dative of the nominalized form of the verb, e.g. ‘I am drawing’ may be rendered as ''Ik sita bi vrǣtina'' rather than the expected ''Ik sita bi vrǣčin''. | The progressive is formed using the auxiliary verb ''sitna'' ‘to sit’ and the preposition ''bī'' ‘by’, followed by the infinitive. (In very formal language, you may encounter ''sitna bi'' followed by the dative of the nominalized form of the verb, e.g. ‘I am drawing’ may be rendered as ''Ik sita bi vrǣtina'' rather than the expected ''Ik sita bi vrǣčin''. | ||
*'' | *''Hua '''sitistu''' njužis '''bi drinkna''' gā?'' | ||
**‘Have you '''been drinking''' again?’ | **‘Have you '''been drinking''' again?’ | ||
*''Ik '''sita bi skrīvna''' þo bisāt mīna. Raniso '''sitik bi drinkna''' gā.'' | *''Ik '''sita bi skrīvna''' þo bisāt mīna. Raniso '''sitik bi drinkna''' gā.'' | ||
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==Adjectives== | ==Adjectives== | ||
In Valthungian, adjectives can be strong or weak (as with adjectives in any Germanic language that declines). The general rule is: If a | In Valthungian, adjectives can be strong or weak (as with adjectives in any Germanic language that declines). The general rule is: If a noun takes a [[#Determiners|determiner]] (article, possessive<ref>Only when a possessive is used without an article; otherwise the possessive itself is also declined as weak.</ref>, quantifier, &c), its accompanying adjective is weak; otherwise it is strong. | ||
Predicative adjectives do not decline; they usually take the form of the strong neuter singular regardless of what they modify. | Predicative adjectives do not decline; they usually take the form of the strong neuter singular regardless of what they modify. | ||
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*''vituvne <span style="background-color:#FF99FF;">frobúðna</span>'' ‘forbidden knowledge’ | *''vituvne <span style="background-color:#FF99FF;">frobúðna</span>'' ‘forbidden knowledge’ | ||
When paired with a third person possessive (is, ižis, or iža), an adjective also takes the strong declension: | When paired with a third person possessive (is, ižis, or iža), an adjective also takes the strong declension, and the possessive precedes the noun: | ||
*''<span style="background-color:#FF9999;">is</span> ražna <span style="background-color:#FF99FF;">rǭðat</span>'' ‘his red house’ | *''<span style="background-color:#FF9999;">is</span> ražna <span style="background-color:#FF99FF;">rǭðat</span>'' ‘his red house’ | ||
*''<span style="background-color:#FF9999;">ižis</span> miðus <span style="background-color:#FF99FF;">glitnaþs</span>'' ‘her sparkling mead’ | *''<span style="background-color:#FF9999;">ižis</span> miðus <span style="background-color:#FF99FF;">glitnaþs</span>'' ‘her sparkling mead’ | ||
*''<span style="background-color:#FF9999;">iža</span> vituvne <span style="background-color:#FF99FF;">frobúðna</span>'' ‘their forbidden knowledge’ | *''<span style="background-color:#FF9999;">iža</span> vituvne <span style="background-color:#FF99FF;">frobúðna</span>'' ‘their forbidden knowledge’ | ||
When one of the above possessives is used without an adjective, | When one of the above possessives is used without an adjective, it follows the noun. | ||
*''ražna <span style="background-color:#FF9999;">is</span> ‘his house’ | *''ražna <span style="background-color:#FF9999;">is</span> ‘his house’ | ||
*''miðus <span style="background-color:#FF9999;">ižis</span> ‘her mead’ | *''miðus <span style="background-color:#FF9999;">ižis</span> ‘her mead’ | ||