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Valthungian: Difference between revisions
→ja- and jō-stems
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While traditionally listed as sub-classes of a- and ō-stems, the j-stem nouns differ from these in two important ways: Umlaut and Palatalization. In the examples below, an asterisk (*) by a form indicates that Umlaut applies to that form. A dagger (†) indicates that palatalization '''and''' umlaut both apply. (Umlaut can be triggered without palatalization, but wherever palatalization occurs, umlaut does as well.) | While traditionally listed as sub-classes of a- and ō-stems, the j-stem nouns differ from these in two important ways: Umlaut and Palatalization. In the examples below, an asterisk (*) by a form indicates that Umlaut applies to that form. A dagger (†) indicates that palatalization '''and''' umlaut both apply. (Umlaut can be triggered without palatalization, but wherever palatalization occurs, umlaut does as well.) | ||
'''Umlaut''': If the stressed vowel of the stem is a back vowel (a, ā, o, ǭ, ō, u, or ū), there is umlaut in this form. (Note: Umlaut does ''not'' occur if any unstressed syllables intercede between the stressed vowel and the ending; for example, '' | '''Umlaut''': If the stressed vowel of the stem is a back vowel (a, ā, o, ǭ, ō, u, or ū), there is umlaut in this form. (Note: Umlaut does ''not'' occur if any unstressed syllables intercede between the stressed vowel and the ending; for example, ''þūsunde'' ‘thousand’ is a feminine ijō-stem noun, but there is no umlaut in the dative or genitive (''þūsunǧis'', ''þūsunǧa'') because of the unstressed /a/ between the /ū/ and the ending.) | ||
'''Palatalization''': If the stem ends in d, g, t, k, s, or v there is palatalization in this form. (In this case, b/v alternation will be considered a type of palatalization, because it occurs in the same environment.) | '''Palatalization''': If the stem ends in d, g, t, k, s, or v there is palatalization in this form. (In this case, b/v alternation will be considered a type of palatalization, because it occurs in the same environment.) | ||