Valthungian: Difference between revisions

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Class III strong verbs are those verbs with /i/ (historically /e/) as the root vowel which is followed by a sonorant (r, l, m, n) and an obstruent (p, t, k, b, d, g, f, þ, s, h), or, rarely, two obstruents (e.g. /hs/, /gd/). Ablaut causes the second principle part to shift to /a/, and the third and fourth to /u/.
Class III strong verbs are those verbs with /i/ (historically /e/) as the root vowel which is followed by a sonorant (r, l, m, n) and an obstruent (p, t, k, b, d, g, f, þ, s, h), or, rarely, two obstruents (e.g. /hs/, /gd/). Ablaut causes the second principle part to shift to /a/, and the third and fourth to /u/.


{| class="wikitable" width=650
{{Template:Valthungian/v.st.3d|bin|ban|ban|bun|byn}}
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!width=100| ''Non-finite'' !!width=50| !!width=100| ''Past Ind.'' !!width=100| ''Past Sbj.'' !!width=100| ''Pres. Ind.'' !!width=100| ''Pres. Sbj.'' !!width=100| ''Imperative''
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|align="left"| ''Infinitive:'' ||align="right"| ''ik'' ||align="center"| '''band''' ||align="center"| '''bynǧa'''† ||align="center"| '''binda''' ||align="center"| '''binda''' ||align="center"|  
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|align="center"| '''bindna''' ||align="right"| ''þū'' ||align="center"| '''banst''' ||align="center"| '''byndis'''* ||align="center"| '''bindis''' ||align="center"| '''bindas''' ||align="center"| '''bind'''
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|align="left"| ''Gerund:'' ||align="right"| ''is/sī/it'' ||align="center"| '''band''' ||align="center"| '''bunde''' ||align="center"| '''bindiþ''' ||align="center"| '''binda''' ||align="center"| '''bindaða'''
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|align="center"| '''bindnaþs''' ||align="right"| ''wit/wīs'' ||align="center"| '''bundum''' ||align="center"| '''byndim'''* ||align="center"| '''bindma''' ||align="center"| '''bindam''' ||align="center"| '''bindma'''
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|align="left"| ''Part.:'' ||align="right"| ''jut/jūs'' ||align="center"| '''bunduþ''' ||align="center"| '''byndiþ'''* ||align="center"| '''bindiþ''' ||align="center"| '''bindaþ''' ||align="center"| '''bindiþ'''
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|align="center"| '''bundnas''' ||align="right"| ''ī(ja)(s)'' ||align="center"| '''bundun''' ||align="center"| '''byndin'''* ||align="center"| '''bindnaþ''' ||align="center"| '''bindan''' ||align="center"| '''bindanþa'''
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| &nbsp;||colspan=8| <small><br /></small>
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|}


In verbs where /r/ is the sonorant in question, the paradigm shifts to /e/ in the first principle part and /o/ in the third (due to the [[Valthungian/Rules#EGmc_Reflex_of_1st_Umlaut|East Germanic Reflex of First Umlaut]]).
In verbs where /r/ is the sonorant in question, the paradigm shifts to /e/ in the first principle part and /o/ in the third (due to the [[Valthungian/Rules#EGmc_Reflex_of_1st_Umlaut|East Germanic Reflex of First Umlaut]]).