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Verse:Irta/An Indo-Iranian branch: Difference between revisions
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Verse:Irta/An Indo-Iranian branch (view source)
Revision as of 19:51, 20 February 2019
, 20 February 2019→Verbs
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*''driñ'' /zi/ = in (preposition) | *''driñ'' /zi/ = in (preposition) | ||
*''de Schneau'' = snow | *''de Schneau'' = snow | ||
*''deutsch'' /dyts/ = [[Thedish]] | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
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===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
Indefinite article: | Indefinite article: | ||
*''a/n' | *''a/n''' /ə~n‿/ singular | ||
*''et'' əʔ~ə.tʰ‿-/ plural | |||
''a'' is used before consonants, ''n''' before vowels; e.g. ''a Sprâçe'' 'a language'; ''n'Esel'' 'a donkey' | ''a'' is used before consonants, ''n''' before vowels; e.g. ''a Sprâçe'' 'a language'; ''n'Esel'' 'a donkey' | ||
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===Adjectives=== | ===Adjectives=== | ||
Adjectives: predicative ''-0'', attributive ''-e'' | Adjectives: predicative ''-0'', attributive ''-e'' | ||
*''Er stark.'' /e t˭ajʔ/ 'He is strong.' | *''Er ist stark.'' /e i t˭ajʔ/ 'He is strong.' | ||
*''a starke Mañ'' /ə t˭ɛk me/ 'a strong man' | *''a starke Mañ'' /ə t˭ɛk me/ 'a strong man' | ||
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Imperative: | Imperative: | ||
*''mache !'' /max/ 'do!' [2sg] | *''mache !'' /max/ 'do!' [2sg] | ||
*'' | *''machez-irl !'' /maxtil/ [2pl] | ||
*''machons-wir !'' /maxuwi/ 'let's do!' | *''machons-wir !'' /maxuwi/ 'let's do!' | ||
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*''ich mache'' /əx max/ | *''ich mache'' /əx max/ | ||
*''du maches'' /du max/ | *''du maches'' /du max/ | ||
*''er/seu/ez | *''er/seu/ez machez'' /eː max/ | ||
*''wir machons'' /wiː maxu/ | *''wir machons'' /wiː maxu/ | ||
*''irl | *''irl machez'' /il max/ | ||
*''deul machent'' /dyl max/ | *''deul machent'' /dyl max/ | ||
Present progressive: | Present progressive: | ||
*''ich bî machen'' | *''ich bin bî machen'' | ||
*''du bî machen'' | *''du bis bî machen'' | ||
*''er bî machen'' | *''er ist bî machen'' | ||
*''wir bî machen'' | *''wir sins bî machen'' | ||
*''irl bî machen'' | *''irl sît bî machen'' | ||
*''deul bî machen'' | *''deul sint bî machen'' | ||
Past: | Past: | ||
*''ich ha | *''ich ha gemachez'' /əx hagəmax/ | ||
*''du has | *''du has gemachez'' /du hak˭əmax/ | ||
*''er/seu/ez | *''er/seu/ez haz gemachez'' /eː hak˭əmax/ | ||
*''wir hans | *''wir hans gemachez'' /wiː hɔŋəmax/ | ||
*''irl | *''irl haz gemachez'' /il hak˭əmax/ | ||
*''deul hant | *''deul hant gemachez'' /dyl hɔŋəmax/ | ||
Future tense: | Future tense: | ||
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*''leaube-ich'' /løbəx/ | *''leaube-ich'' /løbəx/ | ||
*''leaubes-du'' /løpt˭u/ | *''leaubes-du'' /løpt˭u/ | ||
*'' | *''leaubez-er'' /løpte/, ''leaubet-eu'' /løpty/, ''leaubet-ez'' /løptis/ | ||
*''leaubons-wir'' /løbuwi/ | *''leaubons-wir'' /løbuwi/ | ||
*'' | *''leaubez-irl'' /løptil/ | ||
*''leaubent-deul'' /løpt˭yl/ | *''leaubent-deul'' /løpt˭yl/ | ||
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*''habe-ich'' /habəx/ (different from uninverted form ''ich ha'') | *''habe-ich'' /habəx/ (different from uninverted form ''ich ha'') | ||
*''has-du'' /hat˭u/ | *''has-du'' /hat˭u/ | ||
*'' | *''haz-er'' /haθe/, ''hat-eu'' /haθy/, ''hat-ez'' /haθis/ | ||
*''hans-wir'' /hɔŋwi/ | *''hans-wir'' /hɔŋwi/ | ||
*'' | *''haz-irl'' /haθil/ | ||
*''hant-deul'' /hɔndyl/ | *''hant-deul'' /hɔndyl/ | ||
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*''ich neme'' /əx nɛm/ | *''ich neme'' /əx nɛm/ | ||
*''du nimes'' /du nim/ | *''du nimes'' /du nim/ | ||
*''er | *''er nimez'' /e nim/ | ||
*''wir nemons'' /wi nɛmu/ | *''wir nemons'' /wi nɛmu/ | ||
*''irl | *''irl nemez'' /il nɛm/ | ||
*''deul nement'' /dyl nɛm/ | *''deul nement'' /dyl nɛm/ | ||
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*''ich bîze'' /əx p˭is/ | *''ich bîze'' /əx p˭is/ | ||
*''du bîzes'' /du bis/ | *''du bîzes'' /du bis/ | ||
*''er/seu/ez | *''er/seu/ez bîzez'' /eː bis/ | ||
*''wir bîzons'' /wiː bisu/ | *''wir bîzons'' /wiː bisu/ | ||
*''irl | *''irl bîzez'' /il bis/ | ||
*''deul bîzent'' /dyl bis/ | *''deul bîzent'' /dyl bis/ | ||
Past: | Past: | ||
*''ich ha | *''ich ha gebizez'' /əx hagəbəs/ | ||
*''du has | *''du has gebizez'' /du hak˭əbəs/ | ||
*''er/seu/ez | *''er/seu/ez haz gebizez'' /eː hak˭əbəs/ | ||
*''wir hans | *''wir hans gebizez'' /wiː hɔŋəbəs/ | ||
*''irl | *''irl haz gebizez'' /il hak˭əbəs/ | ||
*''deul hant | *''deul hant gebizez'' /dyl hɔŋəbəs/ | ||
====Class 2 strong verbs==== | ====Class 2 strong verbs==== | ||
Infinitive: | Infinitive: | ||
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*''ich fleauge'' /əx føg/ | *''ich fleauge'' /əx føg/ | ||
*''du fleauges'' /du føg/ | *''du fleauges'' /du føg/ | ||
*''er/seu/ez | *''er/seu/ez fleaugez'' /eː føg/ | ||
*''wir fleaugons'' /wiː føgu/ | *''wir fleaugons'' /wiː føgu/ | ||
*''irl | *''irl fleaugez'' /il føg/ | ||
*''deul fleaugent'' /dyl føg/ | *''deul fleaugent'' /dyl føg/ | ||
Past: | Past: | ||
*''ich ha | *''ich ha geflogez'' /əx hagəfɔg/ | ||
*''du has | *''du has geflogez'' /du hak˭əfɔg/ | ||
*''er/seu/ez | *''er/seu/ez haz geflogez'' /eː hak˭əfɔg/ | ||
*''wir hans | *''wir hans geflogez'' /wiː hɔŋəfɔg/ | ||
*''irl | *''irl haz geflogez'' /il hak˭əfɔg/ | ||
*''deul hant | *''deul hant geflogez'' /dyl hɔŋəfɔg/ | ||
====Class 3 strong verbs==== | ====Class 3 strong verbs==== | ||
Infinitive: | Infinitive: | ||
*''trinken'' / | *''trinken'' /sʰiŋku/ 'to drink' | ||
Imperative: | Imperative: | ||
*''trinke !'' / | *''trinke !'' /sʰiŋk/ | ||
Present simple: | Present simple: | ||
*''ich trinke'' /əx | *''ich trinke'' /əx sʰiŋk/ | ||
*''du trinkes'' /du | *''du trinkes'' /du sʰiŋk/ | ||
*''er/seu/ez | *''er/seu/ez trinkez'' /eː sʰiŋk/ | ||
*''wir trinkons'' /wiː | *''wir trinkons'' /wiː sʰiŋku/ | ||
*''irl | *''irl trinkez'' /il sʰiŋk/ | ||
*''deul trinkent'' /dyl | *''deul trinkent'' /dyl sʰiŋk/ | ||
Past: | Past: | ||
*''ich ha | *''ich ha getrunkez'' /əx hagətɕuŋk/ | ||
*''du has | *''du has getrunkez'' /du hak˭ətɕuŋk/ | ||
*''er/seu/ez | *''er/seu/ez haz getrunkez'' /eː hak˭ətɕuŋk/ | ||
*''wir hans | *''wir hans getrunkez'' /wiː hɔŋətɕuŋk/ | ||
*''irl | *''irl haz getrunkez'' /il hak˭ətɕuŋk/ | ||
*''deul hant | *''deul hant getrunkez'' /dyl hɔŋətɕuŋk/ | ||
====Class 4 strong verbs==== | ====Class 4 strong verbs==== | ||
Infinitive: | Infinitive: | ||
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*''ich sterbe'' | *''ich sterbe'' | ||
*''du stirbes'' | *''du stirbes'' | ||
*''er/seu/ez | *''er/seu/ez stirbez'' | ||
*''wir sterbons'' | *''wir sterbons'' | ||
*''irl | *''irl sterbez'' | ||
*''deul sterbent'' | *''deul sterbent'' | ||
Past: | Past: | ||
*''ich ha | *''ich ha gestorbez'' | ||
*''du has | *''du has gestorbez'' | ||
*''er/seu/ez | *''er/seu/ez haz gestorbez'' | ||
*''wir hans | *''wir hans gestorbez'' | ||
*''irl | *''irl haz gestorbez'' | ||
*''deul hant | *''deul hant gestorbez'' | ||
====Copula==== | ====Copula==== | ||
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*''ist-er'' = | *''ist-er'' = | ||
*''sins-wir'' = | *''sins-wir'' = | ||
*'' | *''siz-irl'' = | ||
*''sint-deul'' = /sindyl/ | *''sint-deul'' = /sindyl/ | ||
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*''er was'' | *''er was'' | ||
*''wir wârons'' | *''wir wârons'' | ||
*''irl | *''irl wârez'' | ||
*''deul wârent'' | *''deul wârent'' | ||
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*''was-er'' /wase/ | *''was-er'' /wase/ | ||
*''wârons-wir'' /waɪwi/ | *''wârons-wir'' /waɪwi/ | ||
*'' | *''wârez-irl'' /waɪjil/ | ||
*''wârent-deul'' /waɪndyl/ | *''wârent-deul'' /waɪndyl/ | ||
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''Alle Meñschen sint geboren frî und gelîch an Wirde und Rechte. Deul nement begâben mit Vernunft und Gewizen, und ûf deim zu benemen an einander mit a Geist von Brouderligheit.'' | ''Alle Meñschen sint geboren frî und gelîch an Wirde und Rechte. Deul nement begâben mit Vernunft und Gewizen, und ûf deim zu benemen an einander mit a Geist von Brouderligheit.'' | ||
/al miŋsʰu siŋ gəboju fji un gəlix ɔŋ wiːd un jeɪt ‖ dyl nɛm bəgɔbu məʔ | /al miŋsʰu siŋ gəboju fji un gəlix ɔŋ wiːd un jeɪt ‖ dyl nɛm bəgɔbu məʔ finuŋʔ un gəwəðu | un uf deɪŋ θu bənɛmu ɔŋ enandi məʔ ə geɪʔ fu bjodilikʰeɪʔ/ | ||
==Other resources== | ==Other resources== | ||