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It is part of a sprachbund with [[Togarmite]], [[Padmanābha]] and [[L-Persian]]. | It is part of a sprachbund with [[Togarmite]], [[Padmanābha]] and [[L-Persian]]. | ||
In addition to the Near East, Lõisian English is spoken by diaspora communities, the largest of which are Poland, Siészalkuk, and more recently, Mexico. ''Note'': Nahuatl loans in English predate the Azalic diaspora in Mexico by centuries, and are passed through an intermediate Corded Ware language so they would be the same as in our timeline. | |||
==Diachronics== | ==Diachronics== | ||
=== | |||
*dialectal PIE (according to one in-universe theory): meyno- proḱnom ḱom meyno- h₂yuHṇḱ- ṇǵʰh₁olyo-isk- swer-ro- priHṇt-su: kʷo-Hn-i eǵh₂ swere h₁en protṃmo-ṇǵʰh₁olyo-isk-ei, to-Hn-i toi h₂enti-swere h₁en new-iHno- ṇǵʰh₁olyo-isk-ei. | |||
*Proto-Azalic (500 BC): moen phroċn chom moen yunċ Ənghoilisċ swerər phrinṫsu: qhoin iċ swer in Phrothəm Ənghoilisċə, ṫoin ṫoe honṫswer in Newin Ənghoilisċə /moen pʰroxn kʰom moen juŋx əngʰoilisx swerər pʰrinθsu: kʷʰoin ix swer in pʰrotʰəm əngʰoilisxə, θoin θoe honθswer in newin əngʰoilisxə/ | |||
*Lõisian "Old English" (0 AD): mae complānċt wiṫ mae yunċ Azalisċ spəɨcenṫ phrinṫs: qhen iċ spəɨc in Antēc Azalisċ, ṫen ṫā answer in Modern Əinglisċ | |||
*Lõisian "Middle English" (500 AD): mae problem wiδ mae yung Azalic spəɨcen phrinṫs: qhen ī spəɨc in Proto Azalic, δen δā anser in Modern Ingliš | |||
*900 AD - present: my problem with my young Azalic speaking friends: when I speak in Proto-Azalic, they answer in English | |||
===Early New English=== | |||
consonant inventory of 15th century Azalic English: | |||
p t̪ tʃ k b d̪ dʒ g m n̪ | |||
ɸ β ʋ w θ ð s z ʃ ʒ h | |||
l~lˠ ɹ̝ˠ j | |||
and allophonic ʔ | |||
(stops may or may not be aspirated, it's free variation) | |||
TRAP: /a/ | |||
BATH: /a:/ | |||
PALM: /ɑ/ | |||
FACE: /e:/ | |||
DRESS: /ɛ/ | |||
FLEECE: /i:/ | |||
KIT: /i/ | |||
PRICE: /ae/ | |||
LOT: /ɔ/ | |||
THOUGHT: /ɔ:/ | |||
GOAT: /o:/ | |||
GOOSE: /u:/ | |||
FOOT: /u/ | |||
STRUT: /ɨ/ | |||
no Canadian raising, rhotic vowels are basically the vowels plus /ɹ/ [ɹ̝ˠ] | |||
most of the changes that happen between the 10th and 17th centuries are to the consonants: /pʰ tʰ/ turn into breathy spirants /ɸʰ θʰ/, which was thought of as substandard speech until around the 13th century; the breathiness disappears around the 15th century when ph th officially become /ɸ θ/ | |||
15th century English also had a split between w from PAzal *v, pronounced /ʋ/, and w from PAzal *qh and *ᵹh, pronounced /w/ | |||
chain shift in 18th century accents: /ø/ -> /ə/, but /o:/ becomes a new front rounded vowel /ɔɵ/ and then /ɔʉ/ (a bit like in Australian English); then in the 20th century it would shift to /əʏ/ | |||
==Orthography== | ==Orthography== | ||
English in Lõis has three writing systems: the | English in Lõis has three writing systems: the Avestan alphabet, the Hebrew abjad (always with vowel pointing) and the Latin alphabet. The Avestan and Hebrew orthographies are phonemic and the Latin one is a bit more etymological, spelling Latinate words in a way that is closer to their source languages. | ||
=== | ===Avestan=== | ||
===Hebrew=== | ===Hebrew=== | ||
Mainly used among Jews. | Mainly used among Jews. | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! TRAP | ! TRAP | ||
| a~ɑ || æ || a || a | | a~ɑ || æ || a || a; o ("Poylish") | ||
|- | |- | ||
! BATH (the BATH lexical set is same as RP) | ! BATH (the BATH lexical set is same as RP) | ||
| | | a~ɑ || eə || aː~æ: || a; o ("Poylish") | ||
|- | |- | ||
! LOT | ! LOT | ||
| ɔ || ɑ~ä || ɔ~ɒ || | | ɔ || ɑ~ä || ɔ~ɒ || o | ||
|- | |- | ||
! STRUT | ! STRUT | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! GOAT | ! GOAT | ||
| oː~oʊ || əʊ~ə̟ʊ~eʊ, oʊ before [ɫ] || ə̟ʊ~əʊ~əʏ~ʌʏ, ɔʊ~ɒʊ before [ɫ]|| ɔɪ~oɪ | | oː~oʊ || əʊ~ə̟ʊ~eʊ, oʊ before [ɫ] || ə̟ʊ~əʊ~əʏ~ʌʏ, ɔʊ~ɒʊ before [ɫ]|| ɔɪ~oɪ; a: ("Poylish") | ||
|- | |- | ||
! GOOSE | ! GOOSE | ||
| uː || üw~yː, uː before [ɫ] || üː, uː before [ɫ] || uː | | uː || üw~yː, uː before [ɫ] || üː, uː before [ɫ] || uː; iː ("Poylish") | ||
|- | |- | ||
! PALM | ! PALM | ||
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====L-Philadelphian==== | ====L-Philadelphian==== | ||
This accent is spoken in the city of | This accent is spoken in both the city of Alaşehir in Turkey (or as locals call it, "Flulfia"), and in Philadelphia, PA (called "New Philadelphia" in Lõis). It's basically a non-rhotic version of our Philly accent; r-intrusion is used, as in the New York accent. | ||
A characteristic feature is ''reinforcement'' for certain vowels or diphthongs before consonants, which changes the pronunciation of the vowel: | A characteristic feature is ''reinforcement'' for certain vowels or diphthongs before consonants, which changes the pronunciation of the vowel: | ||
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Often called the "Newton accent". Also a standard for [[L-Hebrew|English Hebrew]]. | Often called the "Newton accent". Also a standard for [[L-Hebrew|English Hebrew]]. | ||
A kind of "Transatlantic accent", inspired by Californian + Philly + Modern RP/Estuary | A kind of "Transatlantic accent", inspired by Californian + Philly + Modern RP/Estuary. | ||
=====Vowels===== | =====Vowels===== | ||
*orange = [ɒɹɪndʒ~ɔɹɪndʒ] | *orange = [ɒɹɪndʒ~ɔɹɪndʒ] | ||
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When L-English Jews [[L-Hebrew|read Hebrew]] in this accent, it sounds almost exactly like the Ashkenazi accent. Source of "oy vey" (from ''oh woe'' /øɪ vøɪ/) | When L-English Jews [[L-Hebrew|read Hebrew]] in this accent, it sounds almost exactly like the Ashkenazi accent. Source of "oy vey" (from ''oh woe'' /øɪ vøɪ/) | ||
This is not a specifically Jewish accent, and not all L-English Jews (or even all Ultra-Orthodox Jews) speak it | This is not a specifically Jewish accent, and not all L-English Jews (or even all Ultra-Orthodox Jews) speak it. | ||
*/w/ = [v] | */w/ = [v] | ||
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[o:l hju:mən bijənz əʀ boʀən fʀi: ən i:kwəl ɪn digniti ən ʀaɪts. dei əʀ ɪndaʊd wid ʀi:zən ən konʃəns ən ʃʏd akt toʀds won ənʏdəʀ ɪn ə spiʀit əv bʀʏdəχʏd] | [o:l hju:mən bijənz əʀ boʀən fʀi: ən i:kwəl ɪn digniti ən ʀaɪts. dei əʀ ɪndaʊd wid ʀi:zən ən konʃəns ən ʃʏd akt toʀds won ənʏdəʀ ɪn ə spiʀit əv bʀʏdəχʏd] | ||
=== | ====Poylish==== | ||
Traditionally spoken by the Azalic population of Poland. In a dialect continuum with Polish, a close sister language (which is not the same as our timeline's Polish since it's Azalic) | |||
===A pre-Grimm accent=== | ===A pre-Grimm accent=== | ||
Inspiration: Korean accent, British accents, New York accent | Inspiration: Korean accent, British accents, New York accent | ||
*/f θ h hw/ = [pʰ tʰ h~x xw] | */f θ h hw/ = [pʰ tʰ h~x xw] | ||
*/p t k/ = unaspirated stops, | */p t k/ = unaspirated stops, often ejectives especially word-finally except after fricatives | ||
*/tʃ dʒ/ = [t͡ɕ d͡ʑ] | */tʃ dʒ/ = [t͡ɕ d͡ʑ] | ||
*/v/ = [b~β] | */v/ = [b~β] | ||
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*PRICE = [ɑɪ], MOUTH = [æo] (cultivated), [æø] (broad) | *PRICE = [ɑɪ], MOUTH = [æo] (cultivated), [æø] (broad) | ||
*NEAR = [ie], POOR = [uo] | *NEAR = [ie], POOR = [uo] | ||
==="Stage Old English"=== | |||
Australianized vowels, Pre-Grimm/Ancient Greek stops | |||
===An "Old English" accent=== | ===An "Old English" accent=== | ||
*CHOICE = œɪ | *CHOICE = œɪ | ||