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-This dictionary collates Netagin words by the letter they begin with in the Hebrew orthography. Mutated or diacritic-modified letters are therefore co-collated with unmodified ones.
+:[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Non-Azalic etyma]]
-==ˀ==
+{{Infobox language
-*'''ˀabáh''' (''Aramaic'') ''hon'': (''honorific'') father, Father/Pater
+|name = English
-*'''ˀach''' ''conj'': but (not "rather")
+|setting = [[Verse:Irta]]
-*'''ˀácharr''' ''caus'': renew, replace (with something new)
+|creator = diachronics by [[User:Praimhín]]
-*'''ˀachd''' ''pron'': I
+|
-*'''ˀadáˀ''' ''pron'': we (plural)
+|state = Spain, United States, India, Australia, New Zealand ...
-*'''ˀadú''' ''pron'': we (paucal or humble)
+|familycolor=Indo-European
-*'''ˀáhíbh''' (''Hebrew'') ''tr'': (''religious/archaic'') love; (''slang'') find sexy
+|fam2=[[Azalic]]
-*'''ˀalan''' ''intr'': say
+|script1=Latn
-*'''ˀannáˀ''' ''pron'': you (plural or polite)
+}}
-*'''ˀannú''' ''pron'': you (paucal or derogatory)
-*'''ˀanní''' ''pron'': you (familiar singular)
-*'''ˀaph''' (''Aramaic'') ''conj'': even if, although
-*'''ˀÁthagh''' ''an'': a Netagin person/speaker
-*'''ˀeˀethégh''' ''refl'': seclude oneself
-*'''ˀelláˀ''' ''particle'': no, is not
-*'''ˀimáh''' (''Aramaic'') ''hon'': (''honorific'') mother, Mother
-*'''ˀis''' ''conj'': and (clausal)
-==B==
+'''English in the Irta timeline''' (Thurish: ''yȧzalathā nowā'', Riphean: ''āzaliske rstine''; names that sound like "Azalic" are used in Northern Europe, but Latin and Romance use names from Latin ''Anglica'', from the native name ''əngoilisχ'') is Indo-European and pretty much has exactly the same vocabulary and grammar as our English, but with a very different history and orthography created by Praimhín. In particular, it is an [[Azalic]] language, not a Germanic one. Also missing are some loans from German and Modern Scandinavian such as ''schadenfreude'' and ''smörgåsbord''. Words (even words directly inherited from PIE) may not have the same etymologies as in our English.
-*'''bach<sup>N</sup>''' ''inp'': (''locative'') under, below; (''accusative'') to below
-*'''baqhúráh''' (''Hebrew'') ''an'': (''slang'') girl, chick
-*'''bar<sup>L</sup>''' ''conj'': then
-*'''baratz''' ''intr'': speak, talk
-*'''Báthúr''' ''an'': God (generic, philosophical)
-*'''báthúr<sup>N</sup>''' ''inan'': false god, idol
-*'''Bathúráh''' ''hon'': God (religious)
-*'''bíl''' ''an'': woman
-*'''brítz<sup>N</sup>''' ''inan'': speech, language
-==G==
+==Diachronics==
-*'''gózábh<sup>N</sup>''' ''inan'': efficacy, efficiency
-==D==
-*'''dé''' ''particle'': after all
-*'''déráˀ<sup>L</sup>''' ''inp'': (genitive) because of
-*'''dí''' ''pron'', ''pc'' '''lú''', ''pl'' '''cáˀ''': it, this/that
-*'''dón'''<sup>L</sup> ''inp'': (genitive) on, about; (accusative) onto
-==H==
+*dialectal PIE (according to one in-universe theory): meyno- proḱnom ḱom meyno- h₂yuHṇḱ- ṇǵʰh₁olyo-isk- swer-ro- priHṇt-su: kʷo-Hn-i eǵh₂ swere h₁en protṃmo-ṇǵʰh₁olyo-isk-ei, to-Hn-i toi h₂enti-swere h₁en new-iHno- ṇǵʰh₁olyo-isk-ei.
-*'''ha-<sup>L</sup>''' ''particle'': expletive/topic/vocative particle
-*'''ha-<sup>N</sup>''' ''particle'': focus particle
-*'''héhh''' ''pron'': s/he
-*'''hennáˀ''' ''pron'': they (plural or honorific)
-*'''hennú''' ''pron'': they (paucal or derogatory)
-*'''higcémh''' ''refl'': grow
-*'''highnér''' ''refl'': remain, be located
-*'''hirmétz''' ''refl'': let know, inform
-*'''hirpél''' ''refl'': become firm, resolute
-*'''hitznébh''' ''refl'': become enlightened
-*'''hiṭhḥétz''' ''refl'': strive
-==F==
+*Proto-Azalic (500 BC): moen phroċn chom moen yunċ Ənghoilisċ swerər phrinṫsu: qhoin iċ swer in Phrothəm Ənghoilisċə, ṫoin ṫoe honṫswer in Newin Ənghoilisċə /moen pʰroxn kʰom moen juŋx əngʰoilisx swerər pʰrinθsu: kʷʰoin ix swer in pʰrotʰəm əngʰoilisxə, θoin θoe honθswer in newin əngʰoilisxə/
-*'''fa-<sup>L</sup>''', '''fu-<sup>L</sup>''' _C[labial] ''conj'': and (nominal/adjectival)
-*'''faraˁ''' ''intr'': to be shot out/emitted
-*'''farríaˁ''' ''tr'': irradiate, pierce/penetrate
-*'''fríaˁ<sup>N</sup>''' ''inan'', ''pl'' '''fróaˁ<sup>N</sup>''': arrow, ray
-==Z==
+* Old Azalic (Irta's "Old English") (500 AD): mae complānċt wiṫ mae yunċ Azalisċ spəɨcenṫ phrinṫs: qhen iċ spəɨc in Antēc Azalisċ, ṫen ṫā answer in Modern Əngilisċ
-*'''zemhal''' ''an'': human being, person
-==Ḥ==
+* "Middle English" (1000 AD): mae problem wiδ mae yung Azalic spəɨcen phrinṫs: qhen ī spəɨc in Proto Azalic, δen δā anser in Modern Ingliš
-*'''ḥámh''' ''an'': exist
-*'''ḥittz''' ''adj'': too much, excess
-==Ṭ==
+*1500 AD - present: my problem with my young Azalic speaking friends: when I speak in Proto-Azalic, they answer in English
-*'''ṭútz''' ''an'', pl '''ˀáṭhótz''': man (adult male)
-==Y==
+===Early New English===
-*'''yagíth''' ''tr'': do, make, render
-*'''yáréph<sup>N</sup>''' ''inan'': wheel
-*'''yarríz''' ''tr'': remember
-==C==
+consonant inventory of 15th century Azalic English:
-*'''cad<sup>L</sup>''' ''conj'': when
+p t̪ tʃ k b d̪ dʒ g m n̪
-*'''cafeh<sup>N</sup>''' ''inan'': coffee
+ɸ β ʋ w θ ð s z ʃ ʒ h
-*'''call''' ''intr'': fly
+l~lˠ ɹ̝ˠ j
-*'''carríṭh''' ''tr'': befog, turbidify
+and allophonic ʔ
-*'''caraṭh''' ''intr'': be foggy, hazy, turbid
+(stops were not aspirated)
-*'''céráṭh<sup>N</sup>''' ''inan'': fog, haze
-*'''cérr''' ''adj'': new
-*'''céthóaˁ<sup>N</sup>''' ''inan'', ''pl'' '''ˀechtíaˁ<sup>N</sup>''': encounter, meeting, opportunity; ''interj'' greetings!
-*'''cimún''' ''an'': speaker, defender, advocate, apologist
-*'''coll''', '''cull-''' ''an'': bird
-==L==
+TRAP: /a/
+BATH: /a:/
+PALM: /ɑ/
+FACE: /e:/
+DRESS: /ɛ/
+FLEECE: /i:/
+KIT: /i/
+PRICE: /ae/
+LOT: /ɔ/
+THOUGHT: /ɔ:/
+GOAT: /o:/
+GOOSE: /u:/
+FOOT: /u/
+STRUT: /ø/
-==M==
+no Canadian raising, rhotic vowels are basically the vowels plus /ɹ/ [ɹ̝ˠ]
-*'''mál''' ''an'': mother
-*'''méghátháh<sup>N</sup>''' ''abs'': fact
-*'''methóˁábh''' (''Hebrew'') ''adj'': abominable, atrocious
-*'''meh''' ''conj'': who, that, which (relativizer)
-*'''meṭáˀ<sup>L</sup>''' (''Greek'') ''inp'': (''accusative'') through, over, beyond
-*'''mí''' ''pron'': who
-*'''mizmáláh<sup>N</sup>''' ''abs'': human agency/intention
-*'''mó''' ''conj'': or
-*'''Móládháh<sup>N</sup>''' (''Aramaic'') ''abs'': Christmas, Nativity
-*'''mór''' ''pron'': when
-==N==
+most of the changes that happen between the 10th and 17th centuries are to the consonants: /pʰ tʰ/ turn into breathy spirants /ɸʰ θʰ/, which was thought of as substandard speech until around the 13th century; the breathiness disappears around the 15th century when ph th officially become /ɸ θ/
-*'''namháh''' ''intr'': happen, befall
-*'''nótz<sup>L</sup>''' ''inp'': (''genitive'') before
-*'''nótz<sup>N</sup>''' ''noun'': front
-*'''núr<sup>N</sup>''' ''particle'': prohibitive
-==S==
+th century English also had a split between w from PAzal *v, pronounced /ʋ/, and w from PAzal *qh and *ᵹh, pronounced /w/
-*'''sebhar<sup>N</sup>''' ''inan'', ''pl'' '''sbhár<sup>N</sup>''': fish
-==ˁ==
+chain shift in 18th century accents: /ø/ -> /ə/, but /o:/ becomes a new front rounded vowel /ɔɵ/ and then /ɔʉ/ (a bit like in Australian English); then in the 20th century it would shift to /əʏ/
-*'''ˁághúr<sup>L</sup>''' ''inp'': (''genitive'') differently from, more than
-*'''ˁareh''' ''intr'': brood, incubate
-*'''ˁeghamh<sup>N</sup>''' ''inan'': sea
-==P==
+==Orthography==
-*'''pasaph''' ''intr'': (+''locative'') vote for
+Some hyperarchaisms even in Latin and Greek loans: gnobill for noble
-*'''póséph''' ''an'': voter
-*'''psíph<sup>N</sup>''' (''Greek'') ''inan'', ''pl'' '''psúph<sup>N</sup>''': vote
-*'''psóph''' ''tr'': elect
-==TZ==
+==Accents==
-*'''tzadhar''' ''intr'': be strong
+different from our English accents; RP shouldn't exist
-*'''tzádhúr''' ''adj'': strong
-*'''tzam''' ''an'': mind, reason, intellect
+===Quelfton English===
+Spoken in Quelfton, a city in Irta's Eastern Canada
-==Q==
+Pronounced /kʌftən/; quelf is from PIE *gʷelbʰ- 'womb'
-*'''qédhál<sup>N</sup>''' ''inan'', ''pl'' '''ˀaqhdúl''': coin, copper
-*'''qéphaˁ''' ''an'': fellow, comrade
-*'''qinnáth''' ''an'': stranger
-==R==
+====Vocabulary====
-*'''rášíaḥ''' ''adj'': small
+Stereotypical Boston words like "wicked" and "pissa"
-==Š==
+====Phonology====
-*'''šai<sup>N</sup>''' ''inan'': tea
+Philly + Boston; It is meant to be RP in ways that the Irta California accent is not. Intonation is similar to American.
-*'''šáph''' ''int'': must, ought to
+*MOUTH is monophthongized to [ɶ̝ː], sometimes with a MOUTH-START merger to /aː~æː/.
+*-ing becomes -in' in casual speech
+*(Ph) Philly L (/l/ becomes a pharyngealized nasalized uvular approximant)
+*(~Ph, ~RP) Philly-style reinforcement before voiceless consonants; i.e. generalized Canadain-raising-esque effects
+**When the consonant is voiceless, the nucleus is shortened consonant is lengthened: ''face'' [fɪjsˑ]
+**Otherwise this does not happen: ''fame'' [fɛˑɪm]
+*(B, RP) non-rhotic
+*(Ph, B, RP) Few or no mergers before prevocalic /r/
+*(Ph, ~B, ~RP) Philly short-A system; lax A = [æ], tense A = [eə~ɛə]
+*(Ph, RP) GOAT = [əʊ]; GOOSE = [üw]
+*(~Ph, ~RP) LOT = [ɑ], THOUGHT = NORTH = FORCE = POOR = [oə~ɔə]
+*(B, ~RP) START = [ä]
+*SQUARE (= tense A) = [eə~ɛə]
+*NEAR = [iə~ɪə]
+*NURSE = [əː]
+*wine-whine distinction is optional
+*A 3-way distinction of Mary [meəɹi], merry [mɛɹi~mɤɹi], marry [mæɹi], unlike Pacific English
+*hurry [hɤɹi], furry [fəːɹi]
+*orange [ɑɹɪndʒ]
+*mirror [mɪɹə(ɹ)] != nearer [niəɹə(ɹ)]
+*/iːg/ > /ɪg/, /eɪg/ > /ɛg/ in many words
+*/θ ð/ are commonly [t̪ d̪].
+*"aunt" and "can't" use /a:/.
+*wine-whine merger absent
+*CLOTH = LOT, not THOUGHT
-==T==
+====Sample====
-*'''talamh''' ''intr'': be awake/awaken
+oəʟ hjüwmən bɪjɪnz ə boən fɹɪj ən iʝkˑwəʟ ɪn dɪgnɪɾɪj ən ɹʌɪʔˑs. d̪eɪ əɹ ɪndœːd wɪd ɹɪjzn ən kɒnʃns, ən ʃəd ækt toədz wɤn ənɤd̪əɹ ɪn ə spɪɹɪɾ əv bɾɤd̪əhəd.
-*'''té''' ''an'': father
-*'''téqhús''' ''adj'': good
+pliʝˑs koəʟ stɛʟə. eəsk ə ɾə bɹɪŋ d̪is t̪ɪŋz wɪd̪ ə fɹəm d̪ə stoə. sɪks spüwnz əf fɹɛʃˑ snəʊ pɪjz, fɑɪf t̪ɪkˑ sʟæbz əv blüw tʃɪjz, ən mɛɪbɪj ə snæk fəɹ ə bɹʌðə bɑˑb. wɪj oəʟsə nɪjɾ ə smoəʟ pʟæstɪk snɪjkˑ ən ə bɪg toɪ fɹoəg fə d̪ə kɪdz. ʃi kən sküwpˑ d̪is t̪ɪŋz ɪɾ̃ə t̪ɾɪj ɹɛd bægz, ən wiʟ gə miʝɾ ə wɛnsdɛɪ æʔ t̪ə tɹɛɪn stɪjʃˑən.
-*'''tíbh<sup>N</sup>''': day
+===Pacific===
+A kind of "Transatlantic accent", inspired by Californian + Modern RP/Estuary.
+Intonation is mostly American + my own weird intonation
+=====Vocab=====
+Mostly like our American English, with a limited number of Britishisms: ''knackered, mental, bollocks, bugger, fancy, ...'' the ones I sorta-know how to use
+=====Vowels=====
+*orange = [oːɹəndʒ]
+*Mary-merry-marry merger
+*Mirror-nearer merger
+*Hurry-furry merger
+*No mergers before /l/
+*No trap-bath split
+*No yod-coalescence
+=====Consonants=====
+*L is light [l] before vowels and dark [ɫ] otherwise, as in RP.
+**wholly-holy split.
+*No glottal reinforcement before stops.
+*/p t k/ are unaspirated after stressed syllables as in AmE.
+*/d t/ has a tapped [ɾ] allophone in similar environments as in American English.
+*wine-whine merger present.
+[[Category:Azalic languages]]

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