Verse:Lõis/Qivattutannguaq
Lõis/Qivattutannguaq | |
---|---|
Qivattutannguaq | |
Pronunciation | [/hivatːutaŋːuaχ/] |
Created by | IlL |
Setting | my own alt-history? |
Indo-European
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Qivattutannguaq (Qivattutannguaq /hivatːutaŋːuaχ/ or Qivattuq tannguaq /hivatːuχ taŋːuaχ/) was an Indo-European language inspired by Inuit, Old Persian and Proto-Celtic.
Qivattutannguaq is a result of Indo-European being influenced by the paleo-European Corded Ware languages. It was spoken in Qivattulunnun, which is located in our Great Britain.
It was divided into two registers, the high register Qunngartutannguaq ("perfected language") and the Corded Ware-influenced vernacular Prisinitutannguaq ("natural language").
- 1: ainuq (m.)/ainaa (f.)/ainun (n.)
- 2: tuwaa
- 3: tirriq
- 4: kituariq
- 5. pikkiq
- 6: uwiq
- 7: iqtun
- 8: astaa
- 9: niwun
- 10: tisun
- 100: sattun
- siiman = seed (related to German Keim)
- tiutaa = tribe
- teewaq = god
- siuqit < *ǵews-eti = he tries
- suqtuq (< *ǵews-tus) = attempt
- imaq (m) = sea
- iqaluk (m) = trout
- anuri (n) = storm
- iqariuq = red
- talguq = long
- tuattuq (m) = trail
- arsattuq (m) = silver
- taiseet = he pinpoints, he locates
- ziimaa = winter
- wivuneet (wi-wonh1-eyeti) = he aspires
Kiiwuq piksuq wutarit naaksit. = The living fish swims in the water.
Names
- Artukartuq "bear-strong" > **Artkaruq > TT-English Arthur
- Ingnisartuq "fire-hearted" > TT-English Innisert
- Qusinuq "well-born" > Husin (HYOO-zin)
Phonology
Qivattutannguaq has a rather small phonology.
Vowels: i u a ii uu ee aa ai au iu ui
Consonants: p v t d s z k g q m n ng l r j w /p v t ð~d s z k ɣ~g χ m n ŋ l r j w/
Voiceless stops are unaspirated.
i u are pronounced [e o] before q.
Diachronics
o > u
RC > aRC
l before voiceless consonants = /ɬ/
nt > tt; nd, ndʰ > nn
Pronouns
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Nominative | izaa | ammii |
Genitive | mini | ammaqun |
Dative | mai | ammai |
Accusative | mi | ammi |
Ablative | minit, miit | ammavuq |
Locative | minit, miit | ammavi |
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Nominative | tuu | juu |
Genitive | tivi | junngaqun |
Dative | tai | junngai |
Accusative | ti | junngi |
Ablative | tivit, tiit | junngavuq |
Locative | tivit, tiit | junngavi |
- siqu, siqaa, situt = this
- qu, qaa, tut = that
Nouns
Functions of the cases
Qivattutannguaq has 6 or 7 cases depending on register.
- The nominative is used for subjects and predicate objects. In Prisinitutannguaq, it is also used for direct objects.
- Dative objects and benefactives use the dative. It is also used for "have", as in Latin.
- The genitive is used for attributive possession and "belongs to" possession. Genitives come befire nouns.
- In Qunngartutannguaq, the direct object of an affirmative verb takes the accusative, and the direct object of a negated verb takes the genitive:
- Suwaa iwiti walkun. = The dog saw a wolf.
- Suwaa neen iwiti walkaa. = The dog did not see a wolf.
- Static locations take the locative. A preposition such as in or at is not necessary.
- Destinations for prepositions indicating destination like in 'into', at 'at' or ipi 'onto' take the accusative.
- "from a location" generally just takes the ablative, but some contexts require the preposition ik. (such as from a place that is city-sized or larger: ik vukaat 'from the city')
- For 'with' (instrumental) su + ablative is used. 'With' (comitative) requires the preposition san + ablative.
Thematic
o-stems
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Nominative | walkuq | walkaaq |
Genitive | walkaa | walkuun |
Dative | walkai | walkavuq |
Accusative | walkun | walkuuq |
Ablative | walkiat | walkavuq |
Locative | walkiat | walkavi |
Vocative | walki! | walkaaq! |
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Nominative | wirdun | wirdaa |
Genitive | wirdaa | wirduun |
Dative | wirdai | wirdavuq |
Accusative | wirdun | wirdaa |
Ablative | wirdiat | wirdavuq |
Locative | wirdiat | wirdavi |
Vocative | wirdi! | wirdaa! |
eh2-stems
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Nominative | vukaa | vukaaq |
Genitive | vukaaq | vukuun |
Dative | vukai | vukaavuq |
Accusative | vukaan | vukaaq |
Ablative | vukaat | vukaavuq |
Locative | vukaat | vukaavi |
Vocative | vukaa! | vukaaq! |
u-stems
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Nominative | quunuq | quunuwiq |
Genitive | quuniuq | quunuun |
Dative | quuniwi | quunuvuq |
Accusative | quunun | quunuuq |
Ablative | quunut | quunuvuq |
Locative | quunut | quunuvi |
Vocative | quunu! | quunuwiq! |
Also: nauq 'boat, ship'
i-stems
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Nominative | ingniq | ingniiq |
Genitive | ingniiq | ingnuun, ingnijuun |
Dative | ingnii | ingnivuq |
Accusative | ingnin | ingniiq |
Ablative | ingnit | ingnivuq |
Locative | ingnit | ingnivi |
Vocative | ingni! | ingniiq! |
Also: teepputiq 'master'.
Neuter i-stems:
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Nominative | anuri | anuria |
Genitive | anuriiq | anuruun, anurijuun |
Dative | anurii | anurivuq |
Accusative | anuri | anuria |
Ablative | anurit | anurivuq |
Locative | anurit | anurivi |
Vocative | anuri! | anuria! |
h2-stems
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Nominative | imaq | imaaq |
Genitive | imiaq | imuun |
Dative | imai | imavuq |
Accusative | iman | imaaq |
Ablative | imat | imavuq |
Locative | imat | imavi |
Vocative | ima! | imaat! |
n-stems
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Nominative | zamaa | zamuniq |
Genitive | zamuuq | zamunuun |
Dative | zamunii | zamunavuq |
Accusative | zamunan | zamunaaq |
Ablative | zamunit | zamunavuq |
Locative | zamunit | zamunavi |
Vocative | zamuni! | zamuniq! |
-mn-nouns
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Nominative | numan | numanaa |
Genitive | numaaq | numanuun |
Dative | numanii | numanavuq |
Accusative | numan | numanaa |
Ablative | numanit | numanavuq |
Locative | numanit | numanavi |
Vocative | numan! | numanaa! |
Also: wirman 'time', wingman 'clothes'
Athematic
Example nouns: qaullaq = sun; apalaq = apple
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Nominative | reezaq | reeziq |
Genitive | reezaq | reezuun |
Dative | reezii | reezavuq |
Accusative | reezan | reezaaq |
Ablative | reezit | reezavuq |
Locative | reezit | reezavi |
Vocative | rees! | reeziq! |
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Nominative | iqalugaq | iqalugiq |
Genitive | iqalugaq | iqaluguun |
Dative | iqalugii | iqalugavuq |
Accusative | iqalugan | iqalugaaq |
Ablative | iqalugit | iqalugavuq |
Locative | iqalugit | iqalugavi |
Vocative | iqaluk! | iqalugiq! |
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
Nominative | wutar | wutaraa |
Genitive | wutar | wutaruun |
Dative | wutarii | wutaravuq |
Accusative | wutaran | wutaraaq |
Ablative | wutarit | wutaravuq |
Locative | wutarit | wutaravi |
Vocative | wutar! | wutaraa! |
Declined similarly: pateer, maateer, vraateer, whiqaar, dukateer = father, mother, brother, sister, daughter
Adjectives
Adjectives fall into two main declensions: -uq adjectives (~ Latin 1st declension adjectives), -iq adjectives (~ Latin 3rd declension adjectives), and -aq adjectives (containing verb participles).
-uq adjectives
-yós > -juq? -Cuq?
- nom: -uq, -aa, -un, pl. -aaq, -aaq, -aa
-iq adjectives
- nom. -iq, -iq, -i; pl. -iiq, -iiq, -ia
-aq adjectives
Prepositions
- su = w/ abl.: with (instrumental)
- san = w/ abl.: with (comitative)
- viz = w/ gen.: without
- in
- w/ acc.: into
- w/ loc.: inside
- at = at
- w/ acc.: towards; at
- attir = w/ loc.: between, w/ acc.: against
- ik = w/ abl.: out of
- ipi
- w/ acc.: onto
- w/ loc.: on
Verbs
Qivattutannguaq verbs have only three tenses: present, past, and optative.
Athematic
Singular | Plural | |
---|---|---|
1 | tituami | titumaq |
2 | tituaq | tituti |
3 | tituat | tituut |
e/o-thematic
These verbs often take the past form from PIE root aorists.
Some verbs in this class:
- vilsit, ivalsi = shines
- vindit, ivandi = binds
- siuqit, isuqi = tries
Present | ||
---|---|---|
Person | Active | Passive |
1SG | vindaa | vindaar |
2SG | vindiq | vinditar |
3SG | vindit | vinditur |
1PL | vindumaq | vindumaqti |
2PL | vinditi | vinditau |
3PL | vinduut | vinduttur |
Past | ||
Person | Active | Passive |
1SG | ivanda | ivandar |
2SG | ivanta | ivantar |
3SG | ivandi | ivandur |
1PL | ivandami | ivandamaqti |
2PL | ivandati | ivandatau |
3PL | ivandeer | ivandeerur |
Subjunctive | ||
Person | Active | Passive |
1SG | vindaa | vindaar |
2SG | vindeeq | vindeetar |
3SG | vindeet | vindeetur |
1PL | vindaamaq | vindaamaqti |
2PL | vindeeti | vindeetau |
3PL | vindaat | vindaattur |
Optative | ||
Person | Active | Passive |
1SG | vindaimi | vindajaar |
2SG | vindaiq | vindaitar |
3SG | vindait | vindaitur |
1PL | vindaimaq | vindaimaqti |
2PL | vindaiti | vindaitau |
3PL | vindajuut | vindajuttur |
Imperative | ||
Person | Active | Passive |
2SG | vindi! | vindiqi! |
3SG | vinditaa! | vinditaar! |
2PL | vinditi! | vinditau! |
3PL | vinduttaa! | vinduttaar! |
Participles | ||
Tense | Active | Passive |
Present | vindannaq | vindumnuq |
Past | vandawuq | vantuq |
Nasal infix present verbs
-eh2- verbs
teepputijaat = he dominates, he lords over
- present: teepputijaa, temputijaaq, teepputijaat, teepputijaamaq, teepputijaati, teepputijaat
- past: iteepputijaaqa, iteepputijaaqta, iteepputijaaqi, iteepputijaangmi, iteepputijaaqti, iteepputijaaqeer
-éye- verbs
taiseet (*doyḱ-éye-ti) = he locates, he pinpoints
- present: taisijaa, taiseeq, taiseet, taisijaamaq, taiseeti, taisijuut
- past: itaiseeqa, itaiseeqta, itaiseeqi, itaiseengmi, itaiseeqti, itaiseeqeer
Copula
- present: ingmi, iqi, iqt, ingmaq, iqti, quut
- past: iqqa, iqta, iqqi, iqami, iqati, iqqeer
Derivation
- -isuq = forms adjectives (< -ik'os)
- Verb prefixes: in-, at-, antir-, pi-, su-, san-, ik(s)-, pir-, qupir-, quu-, ...
- Ex. from wiitit 'he sees': ikwiitit 'he identifies, he susses out', atwiitit 'he looks at', antirwiitit 'he agrees', suwiitit 'he sees to it that'
Sample texts
Schleicher's Fable
Awiq iswaakki
Awiq, jungmai walinaa neen iqqi, iwiti iswuuq, ainun karun waznun tinngannan, ainungki mizalun kraaman, ainungki zamunan asu virannan. Awiq nuu iswavuq iwaki: "Sartaq anngitur mai, witannii zamunan iswuuq asannan." Iswaaq nuu awii iwakeer: "Asauqee, awi, sartaq anngitur ammai witannavuq situt: Zamaa, teepputiq, is awijuun walinaaq karnit qai girmun wingman. Awii nuu walinaa neen iqt." Awiq nuu situt slauqaawuq in plaanun ivuki.
Hypothetical Roman transcription
AVEH·ISVACCI
AVEH·IVGMÆ·VALINA·NEN·EHHI·IVITI·ISVVH·ÆNVN·CARVN·VAZNVN·TINGANNAN·ÆNVNCI·MIZALVN·CRAMAN·ÆNVNCI·ZAMVNAN·ASV·FIRANNAN