Verse:Lõis/Qivattutannguaq

Síqa tuqsúq Qivattút (This page in Hivatish)

Lõis/Qivattutannguaq
Qivattutannguáq
Pronunciation	[/hivatːutaŋːuáχ/]
Created by	IlL
Setting	Lõis
Language family	Indo-European Lõis/Qivattutannguaq

Qivattutannguaq (Qivattutannguáq /hivatːutaŋːuáχ/ or Qivattáa tannguáq /hivatːáː taŋːuáχ/; qivattúq is from *sebʰ-ntós 'of [our] own') is an Indo-European language inspired by Greenlandic, Old Persian and Proto-Celtic.

Qivattutannguáq is a result of Indo-European being influenced by Inuit languages. It was spoken in Qivattulúnnun, which is located in our Great Britain.

It was divided into two registers, the high register Qunngartutannguáq ("perfected language") and the Estonian-like vernacular Prisinitutannguáq ("natural language"). Qunngartutannguáq is still used as a source of loans in modern British Isle languages such as Risened tangu.

• In Prisinitutannguáq:
  • "in X-language" = [STEM]-ut (for example: in English = Azalisút)
  • Prisinitút = in Prisinitutannguáq
  • Qunngartút = in Qunggartutannguáq
  • Inuisút, Inugisút = in Inuit
• inúgaq = Inuit person
• qivattúq = Hivatish person
• qaqartúq = narrow
• wiquq = virus (cognatization of Latin virus)
  • kuruunaawiquq = coronavirus
• siiman = seed, children (related to German Keim)
• tiutaa = tribe; the people
• Tiuppateer = Qivattu counterpart of Zeus/Jupiter
• teewaq = god
• siuqit < *ǵews-eti = he tries
• suqtúq (< *ǵews-tus) = attempt
• ímaq (m) = sea
• iqalugaq (m) = trout
• anuri (n) = storm
• iqariuq = red <- h₁ésh₂ṛ-yos
• talguq = long
• tuattúq (m) = trail <- duh₂-ntos
• arsattúq (m) = silver
• taiseet = he pinpoints, he locates
• ziimaa = winter
• wivuneet (wi-wonh1-eyeti) = he aspires

Todo

Include some sound change laws conditioned by PIE glottalization? Some Uralic gradation-like thing?

Phonology

Qivattutannguaq has a rather small phonology.

Vowels: i u a ii uu ee aa ai au iu ui

Consonants: p v t d s z k g q m n ng l r j w wh /p v t ð~d s z k ɣ~g χ m n ŋ l r j w ʍ/

Voiceless stops are unaspirated.

i u are pronounced [e o] before q.

Diachronics

o > u

RC > aRC

l before voiceless consonants = /ɬ/

nt > tt; nd, ndʰ > nn

Pronouns

jaa 'I'

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	jaa	ammii
Genitive	mini	ammaqun
Dative	mai	ammavuq
Accusative	mi	ammi
Ablative	minit, miit	ammavuq
Locative	minit, miit	ammavi

tuu 'thou'

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	tuu	juu
Genitive	tivi	junngaqun
Dative	tai	junngavuq
Accusative	ti	junngi
Ablative	tivit, tiit	junngavuq
Locative	tivit, tiit	junngavi

Reflexive pronoun

	(Number-neutral)
Nominative	-
Genitive	qivi
Dative	qai
Accusative	qi
Ablative	qivit, qiit
Locative	qivit, qiit

• siqu, siqaa, situt = this
• qu, qaa, tut = that
• ju, jaa, jut = which (relative pronoun)
• kiq? kia? kit? = who? what?

Nouns

Functions of the cases

Qivattutannguaq has 6 or 7 cases depending on register.

• The nominative is used for subjects and predicate objects. In Prisinitutannguaq, it is also used for direct objects, and the -q and -n endings are dropped.
• Dative objects and benefactives use the dative. It is also used for "have", as in Latin.
• The genitive is used for attributive possession and "belongs to" possession. Genitives come befire nouns.
• In Qunngartutannguaq, the direct object of an affirmative verb takes the accusative, and the direct object of a negated verb takes the genitive:
  • Suwaa iwiti walkun. = The dog saw a wolf.
  • Suwaa neen iwiti walkaa. = The dog did not see a wolf.
• Static locations take the locative. A preposition such as in or at can be used but is not necessary.
• Destinations for prepositions indicating destination like in 'into', at 'at' or ipi 'onto' take the accusative.
• "from a location" generally just takes the ablative, but some contexts require the preposition ut. (such as from a place that is city-sized or larger: ut vukaat 'from the city', but taamiat 'from the house')
• For 'with' (instrumental) su + ablative is used. 'With' (comitative) requires the preposition san + ablative.
• Agents of passive verbs use the ablative.

Thematic

o-stem masculine

Qunngartutannguáq declension

válkuq 'wolf' (< *wĺ̥kʷos; underwent taboo deformation)

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	válkuq	válkaaq
Genitive	válkaa	válkuun
Dative	válkai	válkavuq
Accusative	válkun	válkuuq
Ablative	válkiat	válkavuq
Locative	válkiat	válkavi
Vocative	válki!	válkaaq!

Prisinitutannguáq declension

válku 'wolf'

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	válku	válkaaq
Genitive	válkaa	válkuu
Dative	válkai	válkavi
Ablative-Locative	válkiat	válkavi
Vocative	válki!	válkaaq!

o-stem neuter

Qunngartutannguáq declension

wírdun 'word' (< *werdʰh₁om)

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	wírdun	wírdaa
Genitive	wírdaa	wírduun
Dative	wírdai	wírdavuq
Accusative	wírdun	wírdaa
Ablative	wírdiat	wírdavuq
Locative	wírdiat	wírdavi
Vocative	wírdi!	wírdaa!

Prisinitutannguáq declension

wírdu 'word'

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	wírdu	wírdaa
Genitive	wírdaa	wírduu
Dative	wírdai	wírdavi
Ablative-Locative	wírdiat	wírdavi
Vocative	wírdi!	wírdaa!

eh2-stems

vukáa 'city' (< *bʰug-éh₂ 'refuge')

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	vukáa	vukáaq
Genitive	vukáaq	vukúun
Dative	vukái	vukáavuq
Accusative	vukáan	vukáaq
Ablative	vukáat	vukáavuq
Locative	vukáat	vukáavi
Vocative	vukáa!	vukáaq!

u-stems

Masculine and feminine u-stems decline as follows:

quunúq 'son'

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	quunuq	quunuwiq
Genitive	quuniuq	quunuun
Dative	quuniwi	quunuvuq
Accusative	quunun	quunuuq
Ablative	quunut	quunuvuq
Locative	quunut	quunuvi
Vocative	quunu!	quunuwiq!

naawuq (f.) 'boat, ship' is a little irregular:

naawuq 'boat, ship'

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	naawuq	naawiq
Genitive	naajuq	naawuun
Dative	naawi	naawuvuq
Accusative	naawun	naawuuq
Ablative	naawut	naawuvuq
Locative	naawut	naawuvi
Vocative	naawu!	naawiq!

Neuter u-stems decline as follows:

iglu 'tent'

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	iglu	iglua
Genitive	igliuq	igluun
Dative	igliwi	igluvuq
Accusative	iglu	iglua
Ablative	iglut	igluvuq
Locative	iglut	igluvi
Vocative	iglu!	iglua!

i-stems

Masculine and feminine i-stems:

ingniq 'fire'

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	ingniq	ingniiq
Genitive	ingniiq	ingnuun
Dative	ingnii	ingnivuq
Accusative	ingnin	ingniiq
Ablative	ingnit	ingnivuq
Locative	ingnit	ingnivi
Vocative	ingni!	ingniiq!

Also: teepputiq 'master'.

Neuter i-stems:

anuri 'storm' (< Proto-Inuit ạnųʁǝ̈ 'wind')

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	anuri	anuria
Genitive	anuriiq	anurijuun
Dative	anurii	anurivuq
Accusative	anuri	anuria
Ablative	anurit	anurivuq
Locative	anurit	anurivi
Vocative	anuri!	anuria!

h2-stems

imaq 'sea'

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	imaq	imaaq
Genitive	imiaq	imuun
Dative	imai	imavuq
Accusative	iman	imaaq
Ablative	imat	imavuq
Locative	imat	imavi
Vocative	ima!	imaat!

Nouns with a vowel before the aq decline as follows:

tannguaq 'tongue; language (f.)'

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	tannguaq	tannguaaq
Genitive	tanngujaq	tannguwuun
Dative	tannguai	tannguavuq
Accusative	tannguan	tannguaaq
Ablative	tannguat	tannguavuq
Locative	tannguat	tannguavi
Vocative	tanngua!	tannguaaq!

n-stems

zamáa 'human'

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	zamaa	zamuniq
Genitive	zamuuq	zamunuun
Dative	zamunii	zamunavuq
Accusative	zamunan	zamunaaq
Ablative	zamunit	zamunavuq
Locative	zamunit	zamunavi
Vocative	zamuni!	zamuniq!

-mn-nouns

núman 'name'

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	numan	numanaa
Genitive	numaaq	numanuun
Dative	numanii	numanavuq
Accusative	numan	numanaa
Ablative	numanit	numanavuq
Locative	numanit	numanavi
Vocative	numan!	numanaa!

Also: wírman 'time', wíngman 'clothes'

Athematic

Example nouns: qaullaq = sun; apalaq = apple

réezaq 'king'

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	reezaq	reeziq
Genitive	reeziaq	reezuun
Dative	reezii	reezavuq
Accusative	reezan	reezaaq
Ablative	reezit	reezavuq
Locative	reezit	reezavi
Vocative	rees!	reeziq!

iqalugaq 'trout' (< Proto-Inuit ǝqaluɣ)

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	iqalugaq	iqalugiq
Genitive	iqalugiaq	iqaluguun
Dative	iqalugii	iqalugavuq
Accusative	iqalugan	iqalugaaq
Ablative	iqalugit	iqalugavuq
Locative	iqalugit	iqalugavi
Vocative	iqaluk!	iqalugiq!

Wútar 'water' is still a heteroclitic in Qunng. (cf. Ancient Greek υδωρ, υδατος). In Pris. the form wútaraa (declined as a feminine -aa noun) is preferred; this survives aa udra in the modern language.

wútar 'water'

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	wutar	wutanaa
Genitive	wutaniaq	wutanuun
Dative	wutanii	wutanavuq
Accusative	wutar	wutanaa
Ablative	wutanit	wutanavuq
Locative	wutanit	wutanavi
Vocative	wutar!	wutanaa!

pateer-class

pateer 'father'

	Singular	Plural
Nominative	pateer	patiriq
Genitive	patriaq	patiruun
Dative	patrii	patiravuq
Accusative	patran	patiraaq
Ablative	patrit	patiravuq
Locative	patrit	patiravi
Vocative	patir!	patiriq!

Declined similarly: maateer, vraateer, whiqeer, dukateer, Tippateer = father, mother, brother, sister, daughter, (Hivatish sky god)

Adjectives

Adjectives fall into three main declensions: -uq adjectives (~ Latin 1st declension adjectives), -iq adjectives (~ Latin 3rd declension adjectives), and -aq adjectives (containing verb participles).

-uq adjectives

• nom: -uq, -aa, -un, pl. -aaq, -aaq, -aa

-iq adjectives

• nom. -iq, -iq, -i; pl. -iiq, -iiq, -ia

-aq adjectives

nom. -aq, -aq, -an; pl. -aaq, -aaq, -aa

Prepositions

• su = w/ abl.: with (instrumental)
• san = w/ abl.: with (comitative)
• viz = w/ gen.: without
• in
  • w/ acc.: into
  • w/ loc.: inside
• at = at
  • w/ acc.: towards; at
• attir =
  • w/ loc.: between,
  • w/ acc.: against
• ut = w/ abl.: out of
• ipi
  • w/ acc.: onto
  • w/ loc.: on
• tira
  • w/ acc: (moving) through, beyond
  • w/ loc: beyond

Verbs

Qivattutannguaq verbs have only three tenses: present, past, and optative.

Athematic

tituat 'he gives', pres. ind.

	Singular	Plural
1	tituan	titumaq
2	tituaq	tituti
3	tituat	tituut

e/o-thematic

These verbs often take the past form from PIE root aorists.

Some verbs in this class:

• vilsit, ivalsi = shines
• vinnit, ivanni = binds
• siuqit, isuqi = tries

Present
Person	Active	Passive
1SG	vinnaa	vinnaar
2SG	vinniq	vinnitar
3SG	vinnit	vinnitur
1PL	vinnumaq	vinnumaqti
2PL	vinniti	vinnitau, vinnitaqti
3PL	vinnuut	vinnuttur
Past
Person	Active	Passive
1SG	ivanna	ivannar
2SG	ivanta	ivantar
3SG	ivanni	ivannur
1PL	ivannami	ivannamaqti
2PL	ivannati	ivannatau, ivannataqti
3PL	ivanneer	ivanneerur
Optative
Person	Active	Passive
1SG	vinnain	vinnajaar
2SG	vinnaiq	vinnaitar
3SG	vinnait	vinnaitur
1PL	vinnaimaq	vinnaimaqti
2PL	vinnaiti	vinnaitau, vinnaitaqti
3PL	vinnajuut	vinnajuttur
Imperative
Person	Active	Passive
2SG	vinni!	vinniqi!
3SG	vinnitaat!	vinnitaar!
2PL	vinniti!	vinnitau!
3PL	vinnuttaat!	vinnuttaar!
Participles
Tense	Active	Passive
Present	vinnattaq	vinnumuq
Past	vannawuq	vannuq

-eh2- verbs

teepputijaat = he rules

• present: teepputijaa, tepputijaaq, teepputijaat, teepputijaamaq, teepputijaati, teepputijaat
• past: iteepputijaaqa, iteepputijaaqta, iteepputijaaqi, iteepputijaangmi, iteepputijaaqti, iteepputijaaqeer

-éye- verbs

taiseet (*doyḱ-éye-ti) = he locates, he pinpoints

• present: taisijaa, taiseeq, taiseet, taiseemaq, taiseeti, taisijuut
• past: itaiseeqa, itaiseeqta, itaiseeqi, itaiseengmi, itaiseeqti, itaiseeqeer

Copula

• present: ingmi, eeq, eet, ingmaq, iqti, quut
• past: iqqa, iqta, iqqi, iqami, iqati, iqqeer

Numerals

• zero: nuilluq (m.), nuillaa (f.), nuillun (n.)
• I: ainuq (m.), ainaa (f.), ainun (n.); ordinal parmuq
• II: tuwai (animate), tuwaa (inanimate); ordinal antiruq
• III: triiq (animate), tria (inanimate); ordinal trituq
• IIII: kituariq (animate), kituara (inanimate); ordinal kituartuq
• Λ. pikkiq; ordinal piktuq
• ΛΙ: whiïq; ordinal whiqtuq
• ΛΙΙ: qiptan; ordinal qiptammuq
• ΛΙΙΙ: ustaa; ordinal ustammuq
• ΛIIII: niwan; ordinal niwammuq
• Χ: tisan; ordinal tisammuq
• XI: ainuqupirtisan, ainuppirsan
• XII: tuuqupirtisan, tuuppirsan
• XIII: triiqupirtisan, triippirsan
• XIIII: kituarqupirtisan, kituarpirsan
• XΛ: pikkiqupirtisan, pikkippirsan
• XΛI: whiiqupirtisan, whiippirsan
• XΛII: qiptaqupirtisan, qiptappirsan
• XΛIII: ustaqupirtisan, ustappirsan
• XΛIIII: niwaqupirtisan, niwappirsan
• XX: tuiqtisan
• XXX: tirtisan
• XXXX: kituartisan
• D: pikkitisan
• DX: whiiqtisan
• DXX: qiptattisan
• DXXX: ustattisan
• DXXXX: niwattisan
• O: sattun
• Q: pikkisattun
• M: tuqsattun
• Ī (10000): zilliun
• Ī̄ (1,0000,0000): tussilliun

Numerals percede nouns. Numbers above 1 take the genitive (partitive) singular.

Declension

ainuq declines as a singular -uq adjective. pikkiq and whiïq decline like -iq adjectives, and qiptun, astaa, nivun and tisun decline like neuter nouns.

tuwaa

• nom./acc./voc. tuwaa (inanimate), tuwai (animate)
• gen. tuwuun, tuun
• dat./abl. tuwaavuq (inanimate), tuwaivuq (animate)
• loc. tuwaavi (inanimate), tuwaivi (animate)

tria

• nom./acc./voc. triiq (animate), tria (inanimate)
• gen. trijuun
• dat./abl. triivuq
• loc. triivi

kituara

• nom./acc./voc. kituariq (animate), kituara (inanimate)
• gen. kituaruun
• dat./abl. kituaravuq
• loc. kituaravi

Derivation

• -isuq = forms adjectives (< -ik'os)
• Verb prefixes: in-, at-, attir-, pi-, su-, san-, ik(s)-, pir-, qupir-, quu-, ...
  • Ex. from wiitit 'he sees': ikwiitit 'he identifies, he susses out', atwiitit 'he sees to it that', piwiitit 'he sees fit'; attirwiitit 'he agrees'; suwiitit 'he witnesses'
• -inuq = agent
• -inia (from *-nih2) = feminine agent
  • reezinia = queen, from reezaq king
• -allun (from *-tlóm) = instrument

Syntax

Qunngartutannguaq word order is SOV by default but can be changed due to emphasis. On the other hand, Prisinitutannguaq is consistently SVO.

Kiiwuq piksuq wutarit naaksit.

The living fish swims in the water.

Adjectives and genitives precede nouns, and relative clauses follow nouns.

Sample texts

Schleicher's Fable

Awiq iswaaq-ki

Awiq, jungmai walinaa neen iqqi, iwiti iswuuq, ainun karun waznun tinngattan, ainun-ki mizalun kraaman, ainun-ki zamunan asu virattan. Awiq nuu iswavuq iwaki: "Sartaq anngitur mai, witattii zamunan iswuuq asattan." Iswaaq nuu awii iwakeer: "Asauqee, awi, sartaq anngitur ammai witattavuq situt: Zamaa, teepputiq, ut awijuun walinaat karnit qai girmun wingman. Awii nuu walinaa neen eet." Awiq nuu situt slauqaawuq in plaanun ivuki.

Hypothetical Roman transcription

AVEH·ISVACCI

AVEH·IVGMÆ·VALINA·NEN·EHHI·IVITI·ISVVH·ÆNVN·CARVN·VAZNVN·TINGATTAN·ÆNVNCI·MIZALVN·CRAMAN·ÆNVNCI·ZAMVNAN·ASV·FIRATTAN