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Wendlandish: Difference between revisions
→To go (vaðir) and other verbs of motion
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===== To go (vaðir) and other verbs of motion ===== | |||
Wendlandish, uniquely among Romance languages, has a verb for "to go" - ''vaðir'' - which is completely derived from vādere except for the synthetic past (which is that of īre): | |||
{| class=wikitable | |||
! rowspan=2 | vaðir (to go) !! colspan=7 | Indicative | |||
|- | |||
! Present !! Imperfect !! Synth. Past !! Past !! Future !! Pluperfect !! Fut. Perfect | |||
|- | |||
! jag | |||
| vøð || vaðema || y || hamu vøþt || kap vaðir || højm vøþt || hamu kaft vaðir | |||
|- | |||
! tsu | |||
| væðr<ref>Silent '''ð'''.</ref> || vaðemar || ists || hants vøþt || kapir vaðir || hømist vøþt || hants kaft vaðir | |||
|- | |||
! if / ifja | |||
| væþ || vaðaft || yt || hand vøþt || kaft vaðir || hømit vøþt || hand kaft vaðir | |||
|- | |||
! novr | |||
| vaðøymur || vaðømmur || yrm || hvønts vøþt || køymur vaðir || hømur vøþt || hvønts kaft vaðir | |||
|- | |||
! vovr | |||
| vaðætir || vaðemit || ists || hvits vøþt || kapætir vaðir || hømstir vøþt || hvits kaft vaðir | |||
|- | |||
! ifi / ifjæ | |||
| vønts || vaðajnts || jer || haments vøþt || køpunts vaðir || hømyrtn vøþt || haments kaft vaðir | |||
|- | |||
! Pres. part. | |||
| vaðjants || colspan=8 rowspan=2 | | |||
|- | |||
!Past part. | |||
| vøþt | |||
|} | |||
More interestingly, Wendlandish has kept a series of motion verbs derived by prefixed forms of Latin īre (plus ''sufrir'' derived by an analogically created form *superīre). These may be said to have their own conjugation, and are defined by a non-umlauted stem (used in the infinitive, participles, present 1SG and synthetic past 1SG, 3SG, and 1PL) and an umlauted stem (in all other forms). Here is the conjugation of ''aðir'' [aˈðiːɐ] (< adīre) "to come" as example: | |||
{| class=wikitable | |||
! rowspan=2 | aðir (to come) !! colspan=7 | Indicative | |||
|- | |||
! Present !! Imperfect !! Synth. Past !! Past !! Future !! Pluperfect !! Fut. Perfect | |||
|- | |||
! jag | |||
| aðø || eðima || aðy || hamu aðyts || kap aðir || højm aðyts || hamu kaft aðir | |||
|- | |||
! tsu | |||
| eðír || eðimar || eðists || hants aðyts || kapir aðir || hømist aðyts || hants kaft aðir | |||
|- | |||
! if / ifja | |||
| eðít || eðimat || aðyt || hand aðyts || kaft aðir || hømit aðyts || hand kaft aðir | |||
|- | |||
! novr | |||
| eðøymur || eðimmur || aðyrm || hvønts aðyts || køymur aðir || hømur aðyts || hvønts kaft aðir | |||
|- | |||
! vovr | |||
| eðitir || eðimit || eðists || hvits aðyts || kapætir aðir || hømstir aðyts || hvits kaft aðir | |||
|- | |||
! ifi / ifjæ | |||
| eðønt || eðints || eðjer || haments aðyts || køpunts aðir || hømyrtn aðyts || haments kaft aðir | |||
|- | |||
! Pres. part. | |||
| aðjants || colspan=8 rowspan=2 | | |||
|- | |||
!Past part. | |||
| aðyts | |||
|} | |||
The other such verbs are: | |||
* '''amir''' (< abīre) "to leave; get away from" : ''jag amø'', ''tsu emír'' ... ''amjants'', ''amyts'' | |||
* '''ekir''' (< exīre) "to go out" : ''jag ekø'', ''tsu ekír'' ... ''ekjants'', ''ekyts'' | |||
* '''imir''' (< obīre) "to reach" : ''jag imø'', ''tsu ømír'' ... ''imjants'', ''imyts'' | |||
* '''inir''' (< inīre) "to go in" : ''jag inø'', ''tsu inír'' ... ''injants'', ''inyts'' | |||
* '''kir''' (< coīre) "to join": ''jag kø'', ''tsu kír'' ... ''kujants'', ''kujuts'' | |||
* '''reðir''' (< redīre) "to get/come back" : ''jag reðø'', ''tsu reðír'' ... ''reðjants'', ''reðyts'' | |||
* '''sufrir''' (< *superīre) "to go up" : ''jag sufrø'', ''tsu syfrír'' ... ''sufrjants'', ''sufryts'' | |||
* '''sumir''' (< subīre) "to go down" : ''jag sumø'', ''tsu symír'' ... ''sumjants'', ''sumyts'' | |||
* '''trasir''' (< trānsīre) "to cross" : ''jag trasø'', ''tsu tresír'' ... ''trasjants'', ''trasyts'' | |||
===== To have (tenajr) ===== | ===== To have (tenajr) ===== | ||