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West Carpathian: Difference between revisions
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The [[w:Morphosyntactic alignment|morphosyntactic alignment]] is nominative–accusative, like in surrounding languages, however historically the language morphology treated an agent of a transitive verb differently from a subject of an intransitive one. Nowadays this is considered an archaic feature and can rarely be used in folklore, while transitivity is usually marked on verbs instead of nouns. | The [[w:Morphosyntactic alignment|morphosyntactic alignment]] is nominative–accusative, like in surrounding languages, however historically the language morphology treated an agent of a transitive verb differently from a subject of an intransitive one. Nowadays this is considered an archaic feature and can rarely be used in folklore, while transitivity is usually marked on verbs instead of nouns. | ||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
''Main article:'' [[West Carpathian | ''Main article:'' [[West Carpathian grammar]] | ||
Nouns may be declined by '''case''' and '''number'''. Standard West Carpathian has eleven cases and two numbers (singular and plural). There is no gender category in any of the Carpathian languages. The case marker must be added not only to the main noun, but also to its modifiers; e.g. ''tarha kodu'' "big house" - ''tarhautu kodoutu'' "in a big house", literally "big-in house-in". '''Possession''' can only be marked via a possessive suffix; there are no separate possessive pronouns like English "my" or "yours". Pronouns gain suffixes just as nouns do. | Nouns may be declined by '''case''' and '''number'''. Standard West Carpathian has eleven cases and two numbers (singular and plural). There is no gender category in any of the Carpathian languages. The case marker must be added not only to the main noun, but also to its modifiers; e.g. ''tarha kodu'' "big house" - ''tarhautu kodoutu'' "in a big house", literally "big-in house-in". '''Possession''' can only be marked via a possessive suffix; there are no separate possessive pronouns like English "my" or "yours". Pronouns gain suffixes just as nouns do. | ||
===Adjectives=== | ===Adjectives=== | ||
Adjectives are inflected in exactly the same way as nouns, and they must always agree in number and case with the noun they modify. All adjective can possibly have a comparative and superlative forms. The comparative is formed by adding a ''-ij-/-av-'' suffix to the stem, while superlative is formed with a suffix ''-m-'' added to a superlative form. For example, ''kuokku'' "long" - ''kūkkava'' "longer" - ''kūkkauma'' "the longest". | Adjectives are inflected in exactly the same way as nouns, and they must always agree in number and case with the noun they modify. All adjective can possibly have a comparative and superlative forms. The comparative is formed by adding a ''-ij-/-av-'' suffix to the stem, while superlative is formed with a suffix ''-m-'' added to a superlative form. For example, ''kuokku'' "long" - ''kūkkava'' "longer" - ''kūkkauma'' "the longest". | ||