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West Carpathian: Difference between revisions
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|familycolor=#80EE80 | |familycolor=#80EE80 | ||
|fam1=[[Alpatho-Hirtic languages|Oronaic]] | |fam1=[[Alpatho-Hirtic languages|Oronaic]] | ||
|fam2=[[Carpathian languages|Carpathian]] | |||
|ancestor=[[Proto-Oronaic]] | |ancestor=[[Proto-Oronaic]] | ||
|ancestor2=Proto-Alpathian (?) | |ancestor2=Proto-Alpathian (?) | ||
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===Adjectives=== | ===Adjectives=== | ||
Adjectives are inflected in exactly the same way as nouns, and they must always agree in number and case with the noun they modify. All adjective can possibly have a comparative and superlative forms. The comparative is formed by adding a ''-ij-/-av-'' suffix to the stem, while superlative is formed with a suffix ''-m-'' added to a | Adjectives are inflected in exactly the same way as nouns, and they must always agree in number and case with the noun they modify. All adjective can possibly have a comparative and superlative forms. The comparative is formed by adding a ''-ij-/-av-'' suffix to the stem, while superlative is formed with a suffix ''-m-'' added to a comparative form. For example, ''kuokku'' "long" - ''kūkkava'' "longer" - ''kūkkauma'' "the longest". | ||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
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*Prešov dialect: | *Prešov dialect: | ||
Enkautu kūlek javok vaľat oa poukat. Tompū muoltō ātāliu, kā oulleik pehkovaińek, jāvećieik plājea tejecil kōluttāvamōn rēśa. Oa ikke ahluvō dauvō šuihēvat pokuhlat. Pÿlhik ealćieik pertuorok tainomma toaramma āhkunō, tēmma varvekuista muoltauriumÿ. Kāvō roauju. | Enkautu kūlek javok vaľat oa poukat. Tompū muoltō ātāliu, kā oulleik pehkovaińek, jāvećieik plājea tejecil kōluttāvamōn rēśa. Oa ikke ahluvō dauvō šuihēvat pokuhlat. Pÿlhik ealćieik pertuorok tainomma toaramma āhkunō, tēmma varvekuista muoltauriumÿ. Kāvō roauju. | ||
*standard South Carpathian: | |||
Feat ulĭ a kuik kezdük lentešt oa pogukašt. A muoldăgă tompu visahuzu, kas ah oullătäi păkuvĭuk, luminuk a plajăg teis koitoamba loupĭ. Oa ikĕ ah atogă dabagă bu kujukot pogušt. Ternĕ eadäik părtuoruk reitejĕzbä toarăba akunăgo, tejü barvăkuimona a tomporümi. Kavu ruovi. | |||
*English translation: | *English translation: | ||
During the wintertime mornings begin slowly and calmly. The darkness of the night recedes, when street lights are lit, that illuminate the way for those, leaving homes early. And only about eighth o'clock it begins dawning gently. A dim sunshine breaks through the mysterious patterns on the window, painted by the night frost. It's silence everywhere. | During the wintertime mornings begin slowly and calmly. The darkness of the night recedes, when street lights are lit, that illuminate the way for those, leaving homes early. And only about eighth o'clock it begins dawning gently. A dim sunshine breaks through the mysterious patterns on the window, painted by the night frost. It's silence everywhere. | ||
===Alpian and Hirtian languages=== | ===Alpian and Hirtian languages=== | ||
Three sentences in West Carpathian, Vaand and Hirtya are given below to demonstrate the relationship between them. Every word, used in Carpathian sentences, have cognates in Alpian and Hirtian ones, which are used in respective sentences. | Three sentences in West Carpathian, Vaand and Hirtya are given below to demonstrate the relationship between them. Every word, used in Carpathian sentences, have cognates in Alpian and Hirtian ones, which are used in respective sentences. | ||
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Sammulki sōrauta kītinnä keahcui ňivrie. Kura voťe oskuvauki saiveutu jēkeunou ňiä. Emmasā kōduoľľu. | Sammulki sōrauta kītinnä keahcui ňivrie. Kura voťe oskuvauki saiveutu jēkeunou ňiä. Emmasā kōduoľľu. | ||
*Vaand: | *Vaand: | ||
Taammibi scharsech kiessein keetig | Taammibi scharsech dà kiessein keetig jüüre-ge. Kuru bàyer ankoweng seiwe-fäus ikkevetz jää. Àmmend kaarsches. | ||
*Hirtya (Southern dialect): | *Hirtya (Southern dialect): | ||
Тымбәвудьә | Тымбәвудьә хоорта’ сьии’си́ӈ нювәрсьи́элнэт (Tymbəwuđə hoorta’ śii’siŋ ńüwərśielnet). Квори вай’э əcӈо́огдьә сайца йиичәвъё йәйне (K<sup>w</sup>ori waj’e əsŋooɣđə sajca jiičəwjö jəjńe). Эмэньцьа квайәхцьә (Emeńća k<sup>w</sup>ajəhćə). | ||
*English translation: | *English translation: | ||
We saw a raven sitting on a spruce branch. Three boys are fishing in a lake with their uncle. My mother goes home. | We saw a raven sitting on a spruce branch. Three boys are fishing in a lake with their uncle. My mother goes home. | ||
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West Carpathian is spoken by about 45 thousand people, most of whom are Slovakian citizens. There are also small Carpathian minorities in Poland (less than 7000 people). The majority of the Carpathian population in Slovakia, 78% as of 2012, speak West Carpathian as their first language, while in Poland this number is significantly smaller (19%, which is approximately 2000 speakers). | West Carpathian is spoken by about 45 thousand people, most of whom are Slovakian citizens. There are also small Carpathian minorities in Poland (less than 7000 people). The majority of the Carpathian population in Slovakia, 78% as of 2012, speak West Carpathian as their first language, while in Poland this number is significantly smaller (19%, which is approximately 2000 speakers). | ||
==Official status== | ===Official status=== | ||
West Carpathian is a minority language in Slovakia and has a status of a regional language in [[w:Žilina Region|Žilina]] and [[w:Prešov Region|Prešov]] regions. In some municipalities of [[w:Bytča District|Pičča]] (Bytča in Slovak), [[w:Čadca District|Čacca]] (Čadca), [[w:Námestovo District|Námestovo]], [[w:Bardejov District|Bardejov]], | West Carpathian is a minority language in Slovakia and has a status of a regional language in [[w:Žilina Region|Žilina]] and [[w:Prešov Region|Prešov]] regions. In some municipalities of [[w:Bytča District|Pičča]] (Bytča in Slovak), [[w:Čadca District|Čacca]] (Čadca), [[w:Námestovo District|Námestovo]], [[w:Bardejov District|Bardejov]], | ||
[[w:Svidník District|Svidník]], [[w:Medzilaborce District|Medzilaborce]] and [[w:Snina District|Snina]] districts it is co-official with Slovakian. | [[w:Svidník District|Svidník]], [[w:Medzilaborce District|Medzilaborce]] and [[w:Snina District|Snina]] districts it is co-official with Slovakian. | ||
[[Category:Carpathian languages]] [[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Carpathian languages]] [[Category:Languages]] | ||