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|familycolor = Indo-European
|familycolor = Indo-European
|fam1 = [[w:Indo-European_languages|Indo-European]]
|fam1 = [[w:Indo-European_languages|Indo-European]]
|ancestor = Proto-Zanahi
|ancestor = [[Proto-Zanahi]]
<!--
<!--
|ancestor2 = Old Zanahi
|ancestor2 = Old Zanahi
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{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Zanahi numerals
|+ Zanahi numerals
! rowspan="2"| Symbol !! colspan="2"|Cardinal number !! rowspan="2"| Stem
! rowspan="2"| Symbol !! colspan="2"|Cardinal number !! rowspan="2"| Stem !! rowspan="2"| Fraction
|-
|-
! masc. !! fem.
! masc. !! fem.
|-
|-
! 0
! 0
| colspan="2"| ṣifr || ṣifr-
| colspan="2"| ṣifr || ṣifr- || —
|-
|-
! 1
! 1
| ‘ayn || ‘aynā || ‘ayn-
| ‘ayn || ‘aynā || ‘ayn- || daruww <!--ḥam-->
|-
|-
! 2
! 2
| colspan="2" | ṭuwā || ṭuw-
| colspan="2" | ṭuwā || ṭuw- || hām
|-
|-
! 3
! 3
| tarayā || tarē || taray-
| tirayā || tirē || tiray- || tirēm
|-
|-
! 4
! 4
| kaṯurā || kaṯur || kaṯur-
| kaṯurā || kaṯur || kaṯur- || kaṯuram
|-
|-
! 5
! 5
| pankā || pank || pank-
| pankā || pank || pank- || pankam
|-
|-
! 6
! 6
| šaššā || šašš || šašš-
| šaššā || šašš || šašš- || šaššam
|-
|-
! 7
! 7
| haftā || haft || haft-
| haftā || haft || haft- || haftam
|-
|-
! 8
! 8
| ‘aṣṭā || ‘aṣṭ || ‘aṣṭ-
| ‘aṣṭā || ‘aṣṭ || ‘aṣṭ- || ‘aṣṭam
|-
|-
! 9
! 9
| nawā || nō || naw-
| nawā || nō || naw- || nōm
|-
|-
! 10
! 10
| ṭasā || ṭas || ṭas-
| ṭasā || ṭas || ṭas- || ṭasam
|-
|-
! 11
! 11
| ‘ayn ṭas || ‘aynā ṭasā || ‘ayn- ṭas
| ‘ayn ṭas || ‘aynā ṭasā || ‘ayn- ṭas || ‘ayn ṭasam
|-
|-
! 12
! 12
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|-
|-
! 13
! 13
| tarayā ṭas || tarē ṭasā || taray- ṭas
| tirayā ṭas || tirē ṭasā || tiray- ṭas
|-
|-
! 14
! 14
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|-
|-
! 20
! 20
| colspan="2"| ṭasīn || ṭasīn-
| colspan="2"| ṭasīn || ṭasīn- || ṭasīnam
|-
|-
! 21
! 21
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|-
|-
! 30
! 30
| colspan="2"| tarayīn || tarayīn-
| colspan="2"| tirayīn || tirayīn-
|-
|-
! 40
! 40
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|-
|-
! 100
! 100
| colspan="2"| sint || sint-
| colspan="2"| sint || sint- || sintam
|-
|-
! 200
! 200
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|-
|-
! 1000
! 1000
| colspan="2"| ’alf || ’alf-
| colspan="2"| ’alf || ’alf- || ’alfam
|-
|-
! 2000
! 2000
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|-
|-
|}
|}
Ordinal numbers are formed with the nisba suffix ''-iyy'' (feminine: ''-iyyā'') added to the number's stem, with the following exceptions:
Ordinal numbers are formed with the nisba suffix ''-iyy'' (feminine: ''-iyyā'') added to the number's stem. However, the ordinal equivalent of ''‘ayn'' "one" is ''partam'' "first". Its opposite is ''aftam'' "last".
*The ordinal equivalent of ''‘ayn'' "one" is ''partam'' "first". Its opposite is ''aftam'' "last".
<!--
*Adding the nisba suffix to numbers ending in ''-īn'' is proscribed, with the ordinal numbers being identical to the cardinal numbers. However, it is common to use the suffix in colloquial language.
*Adding the nisba suffix to numbers ending in ''-īn'' is proscribed, with the ordinal numbers being identical to the cardinal numbers. However, it is common to use the suffix in colloquial language.-->
<!--
As shown in the table, there are two words for "first", ''partam'' and ''’aynam''. These words can be used interchangeably
* ''partam'' -->


===Verbs===
===Verbs===
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|-
|-
! 7 !! Middle causative
! 7 !! Middle causative
| ha-1a-na-2- || -ha-1-n-i2- || ha-1a-n-2a3 || -ha-1a-n-2i3- || ha-12a-n-3a4- || -ha12a-n-3i4- || Middle, autobenefactive, reflexive, or anticausative of above; requestative || (استفعل)
| ha-1a-na-2- || -ha-1-n-i2- || ha-1a-n-2a3 || -ha-1a-n-2i3- || ha-12a-n-3a4- || -ha12a-n-3i4- || Middle, autobenefactive, reflexive, or anticausative of above; requestative |استفعل
|-
|-
|}
|}
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*Preservation of original /ɛː/ and/or /ɔː/ (merged with ''ā'' in standard language).
*Preservation of original /ɛː/ and/or /ɔː/ (merged with ''ā'' in standard language).
*Merger of original /ɛː/ and/or /ɔː/ into ''ē'' or ''ō'' respectively instead of ''ā''.
*Merger of original /ɛː/ and/or /ɔː/ into ''ē'' or ''ō'' respectively instead of ''ā''.
*Merger of ''ō'' and/or ''ē'' into ''ā''.
====Consonants====
====Consonants====
*Unconditional sound change /p/ > /f/.
*Unconditional sound change /p/ > /f/.
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*Pronunciation of ''ḅ'' as non-emphatic /b/ or /p/.
*Pronunciation of ''ḅ'' as non-emphatic /b/ or /p/.
*Maintaining a distinction between ''ḵ'' and ''ḫ'', and between ''ḡ'' and ''ġ''. In both sets, the first of the set is velar and the second is uvular.
*Maintaining a distinction between ''ḵ'' and ''ḫ'', and between ''ḡ'' and ''ġ''. In both sets, the first of the set is velar and the second is uvular.
*Merging of ''ō'' and/or ''ē'' into ''ā''.
*Lack of emphaticness in /x/.
*Lack of emphaticness in /x/.
*Spread of emphaticness to syllables adjacent to an emphatic consonant/vowel or even the whole word.
*Spread of emphaticness to syllables adjacent to an emphatic consonant/vowel or even the whole word.
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<!--
<!--
*Preservation of glottalized consonants from original PIE voiced stops.-->
*Preservation of glottalized consonants from original PIE voiced stops.-->
*Loss of emphaticness. The emphatic consonants may merge with the corresponding plain consonants, or may remain distinct via aspiration and/or vowel quality.


===Morphology===
===Morphology===
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! English !! Zanahi
! English !! Zanahi
|-
|-
| spring || wahar
| spring || waḥār
|-
|-
| summer || hamān
| summer || hamān
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! English !! Zanahi
! English !! Zanahi
|-
|-
| Sunday || han-‘aynīn
| Sunday || han-‘ayniyy
|-
|-
| Monday || haṭ-ṭuwīn
| Monday || haṭ-ṭuwiyy
|-
|-
| Tuesday || hat-tarayīn
| Tuesday || hat-tirayiyy
|-
|-
| Wednesday || hak-kaṯurīn
| Wednesday || hak-kaṯuriyy
|-
|-
| Thursday || hap-pankīn
| Thursday || hap-pankiyy
|-
|-
| Friday || haǧ-ǧum‘ā
| Friday || haǧ-ǧum‘ā
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