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|familycolor = Indo-European | |familycolor = Indo-European | ||
|fam1 = [[w:Indo-European_languages|Indo-European]] | |fam1 = [[w:Indo-European_languages|Indo-European]] | ||
|ancestor = Proto-Zanahi | |ancestor = [[Proto-Zanahi]] | ||
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|ancestor2 = Old Zanahi | |ancestor2 = Old Zanahi | ||
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{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | {| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | ||
|+ Zanahi numerals | |+ Zanahi numerals | ||
! rowspan="2"| Symbol !! colspan="2"|Cardinal number !! rowspan="2"| Stem | ! rowspan="2"| Symbol !! colspan="2"|Cardinal number !! rowspan="2"| Stem !! rowspan="2"| Fraction | ||
|- | |- | ||
! masc. !! fem. | ! masc. !! fem. | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 0 | ! 0 | ||
| colspan="2"| ṣifr || ṣifr- | | colspan="2"| ṣifr || ṣifr- || — | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 1 | ! 1 | ||
| ‘ayn || ‘aynā || ‘ayn- | | ‘ayn || ‘aynā || ‘ayn- || daruww <!--ḥam--> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2 | ! 2 | ||
| colspan="2" | ṭuwā || ṭuw- | | colspan="2" | ṭuwā || ṭuw- || hām | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 3 | ! 3 | ||
| | | tirayā || tirē || tiray- || tirēm | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 4 | ! 4 | ||
| kaṯurā || kaṯur || kaṯur- | | kaṯurā || kaṯur || kaṯur- || kaṯuram | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 5 | ! 5 | ||
| pankā || pank || pank- | | pankā || pank || pank- || pankam | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 6 | ! 6 | ||
| šaššā || šašš || šašš- | | šaššā || šašš || šašš- || šaššam | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 7 | ! 7 | ||
| haftā || haft || haft- | | haftā || haft || haft- || haftam | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 8 | ! 8 | ||
| ‘aṣṭā || ‘aṣṭ || ‘aṣṭ- | | ‘aṣṭā || ‘aṣṭ || ‘aṣṭ- || ‘aṣṭam | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 9 | ! 9 | ||
| nawā || nō || naw- | | nawā || nō || naw- || nōm | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 10 | ! 10 | ||
| ṭasā || ṭas || ṭas- | | ṭasā || ṭas || ṭas- || ṭasam | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 11 | ! 11 | ||
| ‘ayn ṭas || ‘aynā ṭasā || ‘ayn- ṭas | | ‘ayn ṭas || ‘aynā ṭasā || ‘ayn- ṭas || ‘ayn ṭasam | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 12 | ! 12 | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! 13 | ! 13 | ||
| | | tirayā ṭas || tirē ṭasā || tiray- ṭas | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 14 | ! 14 | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! 20 | ! 20 | ||
| colspan="2"| ṭasīn || ṭasīn- | | colspan="2"| ṭasīn || ṭasīn- || ṭasīnam | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 21 | ! 21 | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! 30 | ! 30 | ||
| colspan="2"| | | colspan="2"| tirayīn || tirayīn- | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 40 | ! 40 | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! 100 | ! 100 | ||
| colspan="2"| sint || sint- | | colspan="2"| sint || sint- || sintam | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 200 | ! 200 | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! 1000 | ! 1000 | ||
| colspan="2"| ’alf || ’alf- | | colspan="2"| ’alf || ’alf- || ’alfam | ||
|- | |- | ||
! 2000 | ! 2000 | ||
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|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
Ordinal numbers are formed with the nisba suffix ''-iyy'' (feminine: ''-iyyā'') added to the number's stem, | Ordinal numbers are formed with the nisba suffix ''-iyy'' (feminine: ''-iyyā'') added to the number's stem. However, the ordinal equivalent of ''‘ayn'' "one" is ''partam'' "first". Its opposite is ''aftam'' "last". | ||
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*Adding the nisba suffix to numbers ending in ''-īn'' is proscribed, with the ordinal numbers being identical to the cardinal numbers. However, it is common to use the suffix in colloquial language. | *Adding the nisba suffix to numbers ending in ''-īn'' is proscribed, with the ordinal numbers being identical to the cardinal numbers. However, it is common to use the suffix in colloquial language.--> | ||
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As shown in the table, there are two words for "first", ''partam'' and ''’aynam''. These words can be used interchangeably | |||
* ''partam'' --> | |||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! 7 !! Middle causative | ! 7 !! Middle causative | ||
| ha-1a-na-2- || -ha-1-n-i2- || ha-1a-n-2a3 || -ha-1a-n-2i3- || ha-12a-n-3a4- || -ha12a-n-3i4- || Middle, autobenefactive, reflexive, or anticausative of above; requestative | | | ha-1a-na-2- || -ha-1-n-i2- || ha-1a-n-2a3 || -ha-1a-n-2i3- || ha-12a-n-3a4- || -ha12a-n-3i4- || Middle, autobenefactive, reflexive, or anticausative of above; requestative |استفعل | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
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*Preservation of glottalized consonants from original PIE voiced stops.--> | *Preservation of glottalized consonants from original PIE voiced stops.--> | ||
*Loss of emphaticness. The emphatic consonants may merge with the corresponding plain consonants, or may remain distinct via aspiration and/or vowel quality. | |||
===Morphology=== | ===Morphology=== | ||
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! English !! Zanahi | ! English !! Zanahi | ||
|- | |- | ||
| spring || | | spring || waḥār | ||
|- | |- | ||
| summer || hamān | | summer || hamān | ||
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! English !! Zanahi | ! English !! Zanahi | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Sunday || han- | | Sunday || han-‘ayniyy | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Monday || haṭ- | | Monday || haṭ-ṭuwiyy | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Tuesday || hat- | | Tuesday || hat-tirayiyy | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Wednesday || hak- | | Wednesday || hak-kaṯuriyy | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Thursday || hap- | | Thursday || hap-pankiyy | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Friday || haǧ-ǧum‘ā | | Friday || haǧ-ǧum‘ā |
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