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| '''Zarḍenlaṇḍs''' /ˈzaʀɖəlaɳʈs/ (Thedish: ''Sardenlandьsk'') is a minority Dutch dialect spoken in Lõis's Sardinia and Corsica. | | '''Zarḍenlaṇḍs''' /ˈzaʀɖəlaɳʈs/ (name to be changed; Thedish: ''Sardenlandьsk'') is an Ingvaeonic language spoken in Lõis's Sardinia and Corsica. It's from a separate branch from English and Frisian. |
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| It preserves the distinction between Old Dutch ''th'' and ''d'' unlike Standard Dutch; influence of other languages in the Sardinian sprachbund turned these into ''d'' and retroflex ''ḍ''. but it has retroflexes, from the following sound changes: | | It's a member of the Sardinian sprachbund along with Thedish, Sardinian and Kyravar Mazhi, and has a dental-retroflex distinction. The main source of retroflexion in Zardenlands is from a consonant shift where Proto-Ingvaeonic þ d became d ḍ. |
| *Old Thedish þ > d and Old Thedish d > ɖ
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| *Old Thedish ft, cht > ṭṭ
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| **aṭ "eight" < OTh achta
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| **stiṭṭing "foundation" < *stift-ъnga
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| *Old Thedish hn-, hl- > ṇ-, ḷ-
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| **ṇauw "narrow" < OTh hnawwъ
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| **ḷachen "laugh" < OTh hlahhjьnъ
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| *wed, wedden = year; weḍḍen = to bet
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| Zarḍenlaṇḍs is also much more purist than Dutch, and some loans are also slightly different:
| | ==Phonology== |
| *muizik = music (Dutch ''muziek'')
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| *amaḍel = almond (Dutch ''amandel'')
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| ==Phonology==
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| As in Standard Dutch, but with the addition of '''ṭ ḍ ṇ ḷ''' /ʈ ɖ ɳ ɭ/. /s z/ have allophones [ʂ ʐ] around retroflexes. [ʀ] is preferred for /r/. | | As in Standard Dutch, but with the addition of '''ṭ ḍ ṇ ḷ''' /ʈ ɖ ɳ ɭ/. /s z/ have allophones [ʂ ʐ] around retroflexes. [ʀ] is preferred for /r/. |
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| ==Nouns== | | ==Nouns== |
| Like Afrikaans, Zarḍenlaṇḍs uses the invariable definite article ''die'' and indefinite article ''een''.
| | Zardenlands has two grammatical genders like Dutch and Swedish: common and neuter. |
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| Pluralization normally uses ''-s'' or ''-en'', but some plurals use different affixes: ''die kiṇḍ'' = the child, ''die kiṇḍeren'' 'the children'.
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| ==Adjectives== | | ==Adjectives== |
| The inflected form in ''-e'' is usually used for attributive adjectives regardless of the Dutch or Old Thedish gender:
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| *''een kleine man, een kleine vrouw, een kleine huis, kleine mannen/vrouwen/huizen''
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| *''die kleine man, die kleine vrouw, die kleine huis, die kleine mannen/vrouwen/huizen''
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| ==Verbs== | | ==Verbs== |