Haoli/Pronunciation Guide
How to Read the Pronunciation Guide
This pronunciation guide is divided into a section of sounds with English analogs and a section with sounds that do not appear in English with examples of where they appear in other languages. Symbols in square brackets [] are symbols found in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) known as phones and symbols in triangle brackets <> are how the phone is written in Haoli romanization and are known as graphemes.
Sounds Common to English
Consonants
These consonants are pronounced exactly as they are in English and are written just like their IPA symbol.
[p], [t], [k], [b], [d], [g], [m], [n], [f], [s], [h], [v], [l]
These are sounds that appear in English, but the IPA symbol for them is not so quickly recognizable.
- [θ] = th as in think, and is written <þ>
- [ð] = th as in this, and is written <ð>
- [ʃ] = sh as in shopping, and is written <c>
- [j] = y as in yellow, and is written <j>
- [ŋ] = ng as in running, and is written <nh>
- [ɲ] = ñ as in piña colada, and is written <nj>
Note: Any time you find a doubled consonant, the duration of pronunciation is extended or the consonant is emphasized (eg <pp> would be emphasized, whereas <ff> would be lengthened).
Vowels
These vowels are pronounced exactly as they are in English (with the exception of [i]) but only as they are in these particular contexts. They are written exactly as their IPA symbol.
- [a] = a as in father
- [e] = e as in better
- [o] = o as in phone
- [i] = ee as in speech
Note: ALL vowels have a long counterpart where the duration of pronunciation is extended. These are written either as double vowels (eg. a long [i] written as <ii>) or they are written with a macron above them (eg. a long [i] written as <ī>).
Sounds Not Found in English
Consonants
These consonants are not found in English, but can be found in other languages.
- [r] = r as in Spanish rojo, (rolled) and is written as <r>
- [rʰ] = r as in Icelandic bera, (also rolled but with a breath of air) and is written as <rh>
- [ɣ] = g as in Modern Greek gyro, (soft g) and is written as <gh>
- [x] = x as in Spanish Mexico or the ch as in German ich and is written as <x>
Vowels
This vowel is not found in English, but can be found in French.
- [œ] = eu as in j'eune, and is written as