Linguifex

Aarlaansc: Difference between revisions

Page Discussion

Aarlaansc (view source)

Revision as of 17:28, 4 September 2013

249 bytes removed ,  4 September 2013
m
no edit summary
mNo edit summary
mNo edit summary
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Infobox language
{{Infobox language
|name = Aarlaansk
|name = Aarlaansc
|nativename = Aarlaansc
|nativename = Aarlaansc
|pronunciation = ['a:ʀla:nsk]
|pronunciation = ['a:ʀla:nsk]
Line 34: Line 34:
==Alphabet==
==Alphabet==


The Aarlaansc alphabet contains 23 letters and 2 digraphs that is considered a distinct letter:
The Aarlaansc alphabet contains 22 letters and 2 digraphs that are considered distinct letters:


{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
{| {{Table/bluetable}} style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle"
Line 75: Line 75:
|i
|i
|[ɪ]
|[ɪ]
|always short, it is used in open syllables (that is syllables that end with vowel)
|always short
|-
|-
|j
|j
Line 100: Line 100:
|short [ɔ] - long [o:]
|short [ɔ] - long [o:]
| -
| -
|-
|qu
|[k]
|it is always written with 'u'; if it is doubled it is written 'cqu'
|-
|-
|p
|p
|[p]
|[p]
| -
| -
|-
|qu
|[k]
|it is used in front of 'e' and 'i'; if it is doubled it is written 'cqu'
|-
|-
|r
|r
Line 201: Line 201:
* ''oe'' [u:].  
* ''oe'' [u:].  


A diaeresis divides two vowels that, otherwise, would form a diphthong, ex.: ''ïe'' [‘ie], "they"; ''zöuut'' [zo'y:t], "greeting". The diphthongs, the false diphthongs and the letter ''ij'' are always long in Aarlaansk, while the letter ''i''/''y'' is always short. The letters ''a'', ''e'', ''o'', and ''u'' can be both short and long, instead. To indicate the vowel length of these four vowels, this language uses a special system that is based on the kind of syllables.
The diphthongs, the false diphthongs and the letter ''ij'' are always long in Aarlaansk, while the letter ''i'' is always short. The letters ''a'', ''e'', ''o'', and ''u'' can be both short and long, instead. To indicate the vowel length of these four vowels, this language uses a special system that is based on the kind of syllables.


There are two kind of syllables: they can be both open and closed. A syllable is open when it ends with a vowel (so ''ma'', ''te'', ''ko'', ''su'' are all open syllables); a syllable is closed when it ends with a consonant (so ''mat'', ''tek'', ''kos'', ''sum'' are all closed syllables).
There are two kind of syllables: they can be both open and closed. A syllable is open when it ends with a vowel (so ''ma'', ''te'', ''ko'', ''su'' are all open syllables); a syllable is closed when it ends with a consonant (so ''mat'', ''tek'', ''kos'', ''sum'' are all closed syllables).
Line 217: Line 217:
However, when two vowels that form a hiatus are found together, the rules change a little bit: if the first vowel is written just one time it is considered short, even if it is at the end of the syllable (that is even if the syllable is open), otherwise, if it is long, it has to be written doubled, ex.:
However, when two vowels that form a hiatus are found together, the rules change a little bit: if the first vowel is written just one time it is considered short, even if it is at the end of the syllable (that is even if the syllable is open), otherwise, if it is long, it has to be written doubled, ex.:


* ''meyk'', "doctor", is read ['mεik], ''ey'' is not a diphthong: ''me-yk'', the ''e'' is short;
* ''mëic'', "doctor", is read ['mεik], ''ëi'' is not a diphthong: ''më-ic'', the ''e'' is short;
* ''ooijr'', "to hear", is read [o:εi̯r], ''ooij'' is not a diphthong: ''oo-ijr'', the ''o'' is long.
* ''ooijr'', "to hear", is read [o:εi̯r], ''ooij'' is not a diphthong: ''oo-ijr'', the ''o'' is long.


There are also words whose pronunciation is tricky: how is the word ''deeuw'', "god", pronounced? Either as ['de:ɶu̯] or as ['dεø:u̯]? Do the vowels ''e'' and ''u'' form a diphthong or a hiatus? In such cases it is used a dieresis to help the reader. The dieresis indicates that the following vowel doesn't form a diphthong, f.ex. the word ''deeuw'' is written ''dëeuw'': the dieresis indicates that the second ''e'' isn't part of a long ''e'', but it is part of the diphthong ''eu'', thus ''dëeuw'' is read as ['dεø:u̯].
There are also words whose pronunciation is tricky: how is the word ''deeuw'', "god", pronounced? Either as ['de:ɶu̯] or as ['dεø:u̯]? Do the vowels ''e'' and ''u'' form a diphthong or a hiatus? In such cases it is used a dieresis to help the reader. The dieresis indicates that the following vowel doesn't form a diphthong, f.ex. the word ''deeuw'' is written ''dëeuw'': the dieresis indicates that the second ''e'' isn't part of a long ''e'', but it is part of the diphthong ''eu'', thus ''dëeuw'' is read as ['dεø:u̯].
===Digraphs===
Aarlaansk has got only a digraph: ''sh'', that is read [ʃ].


==Stress==
==Stress==
Line 236: Line 232:
==Nouns, gender and number==
==Nouns, gender and number==


Nouns in Aarlaansk can be either '''common''' or '''neuter''': the previously masculine and feminine genders have merged into the common one, whereas the neuter has remained the same. Nouns have got two forms: '''singular''', that indicates one object, person, animal, concept, and so forth, and '''plural''', that indicates more than one object, person, animal, concept, and so on.
Nouns in Aarlaansc can be either '''common''' or '''neuter''': the previously masculine and feminine genders have merged into the common one, whereas the neuter has remained the same. Nouns have got two forms: '''singular''', that indicates one object, person, animal, concept, and so forth, and '''plural''', that indicates more than one object, person, animal, concept, and so on.


Generally the plural is formed with the termination ''-s'', but if the noun ends already with an '-s', then no further ending is added, that is the singular and the plural forms are the same.
Generally the plural is formed with the termination ''-s'', but if the noun ends already with an '-s', then no further ending is added, that is the singular and the plural forms are the same.
Line 278: Line 274:
|day
|day
|-
|-
|luik
|luic
|luiks
|luics
|common
|common
|light
|light
|-
|-
|eurkew
|eurquew
|eurke'''l'''s
|eurque'''l'''s
|neuter
|neuter
|ear
|ear
|-
|-
|kouw
|couw
|kou'''l'''s
|cou'''l'''s
|common
|common
|horse
|horse
Line 363: Line 359:
|gold
|gold
|-
|-
|keew
|queew
|kee'''l'''s
|quee'''l'''s
|common
|common
|sky
|sky
|-
|-
|kor
|cor
|kors
|cors
|neuter
|neuter
|heart
|heart
Line 393: Line 389:
==Articles==
==Articles==


In Aarlaansk there are two kinds of article: '''definite article''' and '''indefinite article'''. The first is used to talk about things, people, concepts that are already known by both the speaker and the listener, whereas the indefinite article introduces concepts, things, people that are new.
In Aarlaansc there are two kinds of article: '''definite article''' and '''indefinite article'''. The first is used to talk about things, people, concepts that are already known by both the speaker and the listener, whereas the indefinite article introduces concepts, things, people that are new.
The indefinite article is just one: ''uin'' and it is used with both common and neuter nouns, it has got also a plural form, ''uins'', that indicates a "group of", "some", f.ex.: ''uin masie'', "a house", ''uins masies'', "some houses".
The indefinite article is just one: ''uin'' and it is used with both common and neuter nouns, it has got also a plural form, ''uins'', that indicates a "group of", "some", f.ex.: ''uin masie'', "a house", ''uins masies'', "some houses".


Line 417: Line 413:
The adjectives always precede the noun they are referred to and they don't vary, as in English, f.ex.:
The adjectives always precede the noun they are referred to and they don't vary, as in English, f.ex.:


* ''Hij kat es grand'' - The cat is big.  
* ''Hij cat es grand'' - The cat is big.  
* ''Uin grand kat'' - A big cat;
* ''Uin grand cat'' - A big cat;
* ''Hij grand kat'' - The big cat;
* ''Hij grand cat'' - The big cat;
* ''Nuin grand kat'' - No big cat;
* ''Nuin grand cat'' - No big cat;
* ''Goun oor'' - Yellow gold;
* ''Goun oor'' - Yellow gold;
* ''Hoe goun oor'' - The yellow gold;
* ''Hoe goun oor'' - The yellow gold;
* ''Hijs kats zunt goun'' - The cats are yellow.
* ''Hijs cats zunt goun'' - The cats are yellow.


===Comparative and superlative===
===Comparative and superlative===


The lower degree comparative is formed with the pattern ''myn + adjective + ka + 2nd term'' (in the same case of the first, if it is a pronoun), ex.:
The lower degree comparative is formed with the pattern ''min + adjective + ca + 2nd term'' (in the same case of the first, if it is a pronoun), ex.:


* ''Noes zunt myn nyt ka toe'' - We are less beautiful than you.  
* ''Noes zunt min nit ca toe'' - We are less beautiful than you.  


The same degree comparative is formed with the pattern ''tan + adjective + kant + 2nd term'' (in the same case of the first, if it is a pronoun), ex.:
The same degree comparative is formed with the pattern ''tan + adjective + cant + 2nd term'' (in the same case of the first, if it is a pronoun), ex.:


* ''Noes zunt tan nyt kant toe'' - We are as beautiful as you.  
* ''Noes zunt tan nit cant toe'' - We are as beautiful as you.  


The higher degree comparative is formed with the pattern ''pluis + adjective + ka + 2nd term'' (in the same case of the first, if it is a pronouns), ex.:
The higher degree comparative is formed with the pattern ''pluis + adjective + ca + 2nd term'' (in the same case of the first, if it is a pronouns), ex.:


* ''Noes zunt majs nyt ka toe'' - We are more beautiful than you.  
* ''Noes zunt pluis nit ca toe'' - We are more beautiful than you.  


The superlative is formed with the pattern ''wou(d) + adjective'', ex.: ''Toe es woud nyt'' - You are very beautiful.
The superlative is formed with the pattern ''wou(d) + adjective'', ex.: ''Toe es woud nit'' - You are very beautiful.
If it is used as a relative superlative, ''wou(d)'' is substituted for ''hij''/''hoe majs + adjective + a/i'', ex.:
If it is used as a relative superlative, ''wou(d)'' is substituted for ''hij''/''hoe pluis + adjective + a/i'', ex.:


* ''Toe es hij majs nyt a/i hij ouvjoen'' - You are the most beautiful in the world.  
* ''Toe es hij pluis nit a/i hij ouvjoen'' - You are the most beautiful in the world.  


Some adjectives: ''koud'' (hot), ''vrijgt'' (cold), ''zympel'' (simple), ''vakkel'' (easy), ''veed'' (ugly), ''zakraat'' (sacred), ''vroek'' (fierce), ''kruüiel'' (cruel).
Some adjectives: ''coud'' (hot), ''vrijgt'' (cold), ''zimpel'' (simple), ''vacquel'' (easy), ''veed'' (ugly), ''zacraat'' (sacred), ''vroec'' (fierce), ''cruüiel'' (cruel).


=== Numerals ===
=== Numerals ===
Line 467: Line 463:
!2
!2
|dij
|dij
|zekkunt
|zeccunt
!3
!3
|tries
|tries
Line 473: Line 469:
|-
|-
!4
!4
|katter
|catter
|kaart
|caart
!5
!5
|kwijnk
|cvijnc
|kwijnt
|cvijnt
|-
|-
!6
!6
Line 494: Line 490:
|-
|-
!10
!10
|dek
|dec
|dekken
|decquen
!11
!11
|uindyk
|uindic
|uindiken
|uindiquen
|-
|-
!12
!12
|dijdyk
|dijdic
|deidiken
|deidiquen
!13
!13
|treddyk
|treddic
|treddiken
|treddiquen
|-
|-
!14
!14
|katterdyk
|catterdic
|katterdiken
|catterdiquen
!15
!15
|kwijndyk
|cvijndic
|kweindiken
|cveindiquen
|-
|-
!16
!16
|zedyk
|zedic
|zediken
|zediquen
!17
!17
|zeftendyk
|zeftendic
|zeftendiken
|zeftendiquen
|-
|-
!18
!18
|ogtoendyk
|ogtoendic
|ogtoendiken
|ogtoendiquen
!19
!19
|noendyk
|noendic
|noendiken
|noendiquen
|-
|-
!20
!20
Line 537: Line 533:
!22
!22
|wijnt-ap-dij
|wijnt-ap-dij
|wijnt-ap-zekkunt
|wijnt-ap-zeccunt
!30
!30
|trijnt
|trijnt
Line 546: Line 542:
|trijnt-ap-prijm
|trijnt-ap-prijm
!40
!40
|kattraant
|cattraant
|kattrages
|cattrages
|-
|-
!50
!50
|kweinkaant
|cveincaant
|kweinkages
|cveincages
!60
!60
|zessaant
|zessaant
Line 567: Line 563:
|noenages
|noenages
!100
!100
|kent
|quent
|kentes
|quentes
|-
|-
!125
!125
|kent wijnt-ap-kwijnk
|quent wijnt-ap-cvijnc
|kentwijnt-ap-kwijnt
|quentwijnt-ap-cvijnt
!200
!200
|deikent
|deiquent
|deikentes
|deiquentes
|-
|-
!300
!300
|trekkent
|trecquent
|trekkentes
|trecquentes
!400
!400
|katterkent
|catterquent
|katterkentes
|catterquentes
|-
|-
!500
!500
|kweingent
|cveingent
|kweingentes
|cveingentes
!600
!600
|zeskent
|zesquent
|zeskentes
|zesquentes
|-
|-
!700
!700
Line 602: Line 598:
|noengentes
|noengentes
!1000
!1000
|myw
|miw
|miles
|miles
|}
|}


The ordinals ending with -es are stressed on the last syllable (ex. ''kwijnkaGES''), whereas the ones ending with -en are generally stressed on the last but one syllable (ex. ''ZEFten''), but one needs to be careful: those ending with -dyk are stressed on the last but one syllable (ex. ''TREDdyk'') and those ending with -kent are stressed on the last syllable (ex. kweinGENT).
The ordinals ending with -es are stressed on the last syllable (ex. ''cvijncaGES''), whereas the ones ending with -en are generally stressed on the last but one syllable (ex. ''ZEFten''), but one needs to be careful: those ending with -dic are stressed on the last but one syllable (ex. ''TREDdic'') and those ending with -quent are stressed on the last syllable (ex. cveinGENT).
Ordinal number are always stressed on the last syllable (ex. deidiKEN, noengenTES).
Ordinal number are always stressed on the last syllable (ex. deidiquEN, noengenTES).


==Pronouns and other kinds of adjectives==
==Pronouns and other kinds of adjectives==
Llyn
886

edits

Retrieved from "https://linguifex.com/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/11423"