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|fam1=[[Lakovic]] | |fam1=[[Lakovic]] | ||
|fam2=[[Ashanic]] | |fam2=[[Ashanic]] | ||
|script=Windermere script | |script=Windermere script | ||
|iso3= | |iso3= | ||
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}} | }} | ||
'''Ciêng''' (''KEE-əng''; natively: /kīəŋ/, [[Windermere]]: ''Cieng'') is a tonal [[Ashanic languages|Ashanic]] language spoken in Tumhan, inspired by Vietnamese and Welsh. ("What if Vietnamese were rhotic?") It is closely related to [[Windermere/Classical|Classical Windermere]] but is not a direct descendant of it. | '''Ciêng''' (''KEE-əng''; natively: /kīəŋ/, [[Windermere]]: ''brits Cieng'') is a tonal [[Ashanic languages|Ashanic]] language spoken in Tumhan, inspired by Vietnamese and Welsh. ("What if Vietnamese were rhotic?") It is closely related to [[Windermere/Classical|Classical Windermere]] but is not a direct descendant of it. | ||
==Diachronics== | ==Diachronics== | ||
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Khmmerization BEFORE tone split | Khmmerization BEFORE tone split | ||
Numbers: thon, | Numbers: thon, rà, tziêu, khuốc, wượr, tai /θɔn, ra, tsiəw, χuək, wɚ:, tai/ | ||
whếp = light | whếp = light | ||
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tlẹ could be cognate to tănlea "to refuse", dưan is cognate to Windermere şän | tlẹ could be cognate to tănlea "to refuse", dưan is cognate to Windermere şän | ||
khổi = reflexive pronoun | |||
thỏi = learn (~ snoach) | thỏi = learn (~ snoach) | ||
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truồng = long | truồng = long | ||
===Final + tone reflexes=== | |||
*-p < PAsh -b | |||
*-b *-d *-g should fricativize and become tones, not *-p *-t, *-k | |||
*snoach ~ thộc (snòχ < *snòk in Classical Wdm) | |||
*ăwoch ~ wốc "bone" | |||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
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'''p t tr tl c qu''' /p t tʂ tl k kw ʔ/ (/ʔ/ not written) | '''p t tr tl c qu''' /p t tʂ tl k kw ʔ/ (/ʔ/ not written) | ||
'''ph th | '''ph th kh wh''' /f θ χ χw/ | ||
'''z s rh ll h''' /s ʃ | '''z s rh ll h''' /s ʃ r̥ ɬ h/ | ||
'''tz ts''' /ts tʃ/ | '''tz ts''' /ts tʃ/ | ||
'''w r l j''' /w r l | '''w r l j''' /w r l ʒ/ | ||
-w- is an onglide | -w- is an onglide | ||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
'''ă a â e ê i o ô u ư ao eo êu aư ai oi ôi ia/iê iêu ua/uô uôi | '''ă a â e ê i o ô u ư ao eo êu aư ai oi ôi ia/iê iêu ua/uô uôi ăr ar er ir or ur âr''' /a ɑ: ɜ ɛ e~ɪ~ɛɪ i~ɪj ɔ əʊ~əʏ u: ɨ: aʊ ɛʊ eʊ aʏ aɪ ɔɪ oɪ iə iəw uə uəj æɹ ɒɹ eɹ iɹ oɹ oɹ əɹ/ | ||
===Tones=== | ===Tones=== | ||
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Ciêng | Ciêng | ||
Sồn khổ sây àng khèn wỗi tề tưr thến mì pòi rhành tề mốc sin. Tzôr jánh llao ngá phuộng long tề ngá mông lla, àng thwàr nạt tzôr tsó thon sa whảy mì rhuỗr dàư khung tweng. | |||
{{col-break}} | {{col-break}} | ||
Ciêng Gloss | Ciêng Gloss | ||
all person are_born then free and equal in state dignity and get right. they receive down ability reason and | all person are_born then free bone and equal same in state dignity and get right. they receive down ability reason and ability think back, and must SUBJ they work act one to other in heart of love fellow | ||
{{col-break}} | {{col-break}} | ||
[[Windermere|Modern Wdm.]] | [[Windermere|Modern Wdm.]] | ||
Tsor croth fa ășeal pluam te thür mis hăltsăbas tes imłin. Ănam hac răfongüe yas hălpăthin tes hălslith'a, te pdar thușnoa e nam tănse fidoan măceaf nătha mis șăgor hălchăsräf. | |||
{{col-break}} | {{col-break}} | ||
English | English | ||
All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. | |||
{{col-end}} | {{col-end}} | ||
[[Category:Tricin]][[Category:Lakovic languages]] | [[Category:Tricin]][[Category:Lakovic languages]] | ||
[[Category:Languages]] |
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