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Volapűük nulíik: Difference between revisions
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→Vowels
(→Vowels) |
(→Vowels) |
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This system starts to develop further in this sense that those combinations of vowels containing an /i/ as the second part start to shift to /e/ (with the exception of /ui/, /üi/ and /ii/) and furthermore become long vowels. This means that now both "closed" and "open" vowels have an opposition of quantity between long vs. short. The vowel /ä/ splits into the vowels /a/, /a:/ for open vowel positions and /ɑ/, /ɑ:/ for closed vowel positions. | This system starts to develop further in this sense that those combinations of vowels containing an /i/ as the second part start to shift to /e/ (with the exception of /ui/, /üi/ and /ii/) and furthermore become long vowels. The quantity of these long vowels is slightly longer than the quantity of those close-mid and near-open long vowels with a roughly distinction of (short : long 'open' : long 'closed') 1 : 1,75 : 2. This means that now both "closed" and "open" vowels have an opposition of quantity between long vs. short. The vowel /ä/ splits into the vowels /a/, /a:/ for open vowel positions and /ɑ/, /ɑ:/ for closed vowel positions. | ||
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! Open | ! Open | ||
|| a /a/ || aa /a:/ || || || a: /ɑ/ || aa: /ɑ:/ | || a /a/ || aa /a:/ || || || a: /ɑ/ || aa: /ɑ:/ | ||
|} | |||
The latest development was the creation of the sound /ɒ:/ <åå> that evolved from the combination / later dipthong /o.a/ ~ /o‿a/. This vowel does not occur in every dialect, however it is recognised as in the standard language. | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|- | |||
! !! Front short !! Front long !! Central short !! Central long !! Back short !! Back long | |||
|- | |||
! Close | |||
| i /i/ ü /ü/ || ii /i:/ üü /ü:/ || || || u /u/ || uu /u:/ | |||
|- | |||
! Near-close | |||
|| î /ɪ/ û /ʏ/ || îî /ɪ:/ ûû /ʏ:/ || || || u: /ʊ/ || uu: /ʊ:/ | |||
|- | |||
! Close-mid | |||
|| e /e/ ö /ö/ || ee /e:/ öö /ö:/ || || || o /o/ || oo /o:/ | |||
|- | |||
! Near-open | |||
|| ë /ɛ/ ô /œ/ || ëë /ɛ:/ ôô /œ:/|| || || o: /ɔ/ || oo: /ɔ:/ | |||
|- | |||
! Near-open | |||
|| ä /æ/ || ää /æ:/ || || || || | |||
|- | |||
! Open | |||
|| a /a/ || aa /a:/ || || || a: /ɑ/ || aa: /ɑ:/ åå /ɒ:/ | |||
|} | |||
The last change occurred in the 1920s, when the orthographic representation was modified to represent current usages: | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|- | |||
! !! Front short !! Front long !! Central short !! Central long !! Back short !! Back long | |||
|- | |||
! Close | |||
| î /i/ ü /ü/ || îi/íî /i:/ üü /ü:/ || || || û /u/ || ûu/úû /u:/ | |||
|- | |||
! Near-close | |||
|| i /ɪ/ ü /ʏ/ || ii /ɪ:/ üü /ʏ:/ || || || u: /ʊ/ || uu: /ʊ:/ | |||
|- | |||
! Close-mid | |||
|| ê /e/ ö /ö/ || êe/éê /e:/ öö /ö:/ || || || ô /o/ || ôo/óô /o:/ | |||
|- | |||
! Near-open | |||
|| e /ɛ/ ö /œ/ || ee /ɛ:/ ôô /œ:/|| || || o: /ɔ/ || oo: /ɔ:/ | |||
|- | |||
! Near-open | |||
|| ä /æ/ || ää /æ:/ || || || || | |||
|- | |||
! Open | |||
|| a /a/ || aa /a:/ || || || â /ɑ/ || âa/áâ /ɑ:/ åå /ɒ:/ | |||
|} | |} | ||