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Jaqatil: Difference between revisions
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<p>Jaŋatil is a common Turkic language. | <p>Jaŋatil is a common Turkic language. | ||
=Sounds= | =Sounds= | ||
=Sounds= | |||
==Consonants== | |||
<table border=1 cellspacing=0 align=center style="font-size:175%"> | |||
<tr><td><td>Bilabial<td>Labiodental<td>Dental<td>Postalveolar<td>Palatal<td>Velar<td>Glottal | |||
<tr><td>Plosive<th>p b<th><th>t d<th><th><th>k g<th>ʔ | |||
<tr><td>Fricative<th>β<th>f<th>s z<th>ʃ<th><th><th>h | |||
<tr><td>Affricate<th><th><th><th><th>tɕ<th><th> | |||
<tr><td>Nasal<th>m<th><th>n<th><th><th>ŋ<th> | |||
<tr><td>Trill<th><th><th>r<th><th><th><th> | |||
<tr><td>Approximant<th><th><th>l<th><th>j<th><th> | |||
</table> | |||
<ul> | |||
<li><b>/v/</b> or <b>/w/</b> are allowed instead of <b>/β/</b>. | |||
<li><b>/tʃ/</b>, <b>/ts/</b> or <b>/ɕ/</b> are allowed instead of <b>/tɕ/</b>. | |||
<li><b>At the beginning of a word</b> <b>/dʒ/</b>, <b>/dz/</b>, <b>/dʑ/</b>, <b>/ʑ/</b> or <b>/ʒ/</b> are allowed instead of <b>/j/</b>. | |||
<li><b>/h/</b> is interchangeable with <b>/χ/</b>. | |||
<li>In a hard context <b>/q/, /ʁ/ (/ɣ/)</b> are allowed instead of <b>/k/, /g/</b> respectively. | |||
<li>In a soft context <b>/k<sup>j</sup>/, /g<sup>j</sup>/, /l<sup>j</sup>/</b> are allowed instead of <b>/k/, /g/, /l/</b> respectively. | |||
==Vowels== | |||
<table border=1 cellspacing=0 align=center> | |||
<tr><td rowspan=2><td colspan=2>Front<td colspan=2>Back | |||
<tr><td>unrounded<td>rounded<td>unrounded<td>rounded | |||
<tr><td>Close<th>i<th>y<th>ɯ<th>u | |||
<tr><td>Open<th>æ<th>œ<th>a<th>o | |||
</table> | |||
===Characteristics of the vowels=== | |||
<table border=1 cellspacing=0 align=center> | |||
<tr><td rowspan=2><td colspan=2>Strong<td colspan=2>Weak | |||
<tr><td>unrounded<td>rounded<td>unrounded<td>rounded | |||
<tr><td>Hard<th>a<th>o<th>ɯ<th>u | |||
<tr><td>Soft<th>æ<th>œ<th>i<th>y | |||
</table> | |||
===Vowel harmony=== | |||
<p>In a native Jaŋatil word each vowel must be either <b>soft</b> (front) or <b>hard</b> (back). This is | |||
called <b>front/back harmony</b>. The same | |||
is true for loanwords with the exception of letter <b>i</b> — we can combine it not only with the soft <b>e, i, ö, ü</b> | |||
but also with the hard <b>a, ı, o, u</b>. Thus any loanword | |||
written in the standard Latin alphabet can be borrowed without change. | |||
<p>There is <b>no</b> rounded/unrounded harmony in the written language. | |||
Therefore in native words the weak rounded vowels <b>u, ü</b> may only be in the first syllable. | |||
However, one should round <b>ı, i</b> while speaking if they come immediately | |||
after a rounded vowel. | |||
===Word stress=== | |||
<p>Word stress is <b>always</b> put on the last vowel. But if you | |||
want to emphasize a word then you may stress another syllable. | |||
=Sounds= | =Sounds= | ||