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'''Kwenya''' ( | '''Kwenya''' (Κοινη) is a Hellenic language spoken in Irta. | ||
==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
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===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
α ε ι ο υ η ω αι ει ευ ια ιο οι ου = /a ə i o wi ja u e i ju ja jo we ɨ/ {{angbr| | α ε ι ο υ η ω αι ει ευ ια ιο οι ου = /a ə i o wi ja u e i ju ja jo we ɨ/ {{angbr|a ë i o wi ya u e i yu ya yo we ũ}} | ||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
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{{col-break}} | {{col-break}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|+ | |+ γλωσσα 'tongue, language' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!| !! Singular !! Plural | !| !! Singular !! Plural | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|house (subject)|Nominative}} | !|{{abbtip|house (subject)|Nominative}} | ||
| | |γλωσσα<br/>hlusa||γλωσσαι<br/>hluse | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|house!|Vocative}} | !|{{abbtip|house!|Vocative}} | ||
| | |γλωσσα!<br/>hlusa!||γλωσσαι!<br/>hluse! | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|house (direct object)|Accusative}} | !|{{abbtip|house (direct object)|Accusative}} | ||
| | |γλωσσαν<br/>hlusan||γλωσσας<br/>hlusar | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|of a house|Genitive}} | !|{{abbtip|of a house|Genitive}} | ||
| | |γλωσσας<br/>hlusar ||γλωσσων<br/>hlusun | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|into a house|Illative}} | !|{{abbtip|into a house|Illative}} | ||
| | |γλωσσανεις<br/>hlusanir ||γλωσσαςεις<br/>hlusarir | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|in a house|Inessive}} | !|{{abbtip|in a house|Inessive}} | ||
| | |γλωσσανδο<br/>hlusando ||γλωσσωνενδο<br/>hlusunëndo | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|out of a house|Elative}} | !|{{abbtip|out of a house|Elative}} | ||
| | |γλωσσαξε<br/>hlusaksë ||γλωσσωνεξε<br/>hlusunëksë | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|near/at a house|Adessive}} | !|{{abbtip|near/at a house|Adessive}} | ||
| | |γλωσσαρειτ<br/>hlusarit ||γλωσσωνειτ<br/>hlusunit | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|to/toward a house|Allative}} | !|{{abbtip|to/toward a house|Allative}} | ||
| | |γλωσσαβαι<br/>hlusabe ||γλωσσωμβαι<br/>hlusumbe | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|from a house|Ablative}} | !|{{abbtip|from a house|Ablative}} | ||
| | |γλωσσαμπο<br/>hlusampo ||γλωσσαπο<br/>hlusapo | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|by means of a house|Instrumental}} | !|{{abbtip|by means of a house|Instrumental}} | ||
| | |γλωσσαδω<br/>hlusadu ||γλωσσωνδω<br/>hlusundu | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|as a house|Essive}} | !|{{abbtip|as a house|Essive}} | ||
| | |γλωσσαπρε<br/>hlusaprë ||γλωσσωμπρε<br/>hlusumprë | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|becoming a house|Translative}} | !|{{abbtip|becoming a house|Translative}} | ||
| | |γλωσσανειν<br/>hlusanin ||γλωσσαςειν<br/>hlusarin | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|without a house|Abessive}} | !|{{abbtip|without a house|Abessive}} | ||
| | |γλωσσαχω<br/>hlusakhu ||γλωσσωγχω<br/>hlusankhu | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|(together) with a house|Comitative}} | !|{{abbtip|(together) with a house|Comitative}} | ||
| | |γλωσσαμε<br/>hlusamë ||γλωσσωμμε<br/>hlusummë | ||
|} | |} | ||
{{col-break}} | {{col-break}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|+ | |+ οικος 'house' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!| !! Singular !! Plural | !| !! Singular !! Plural | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|house (subject)|Nominative}} | !|{{abbtip|house (subject)|Nominative}} | ||
| | |οικος<br/>wekor||οικοι<br/>wekwe | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|house!|Vocative}} | !|{{abbtip|house!|Vocative}} | ||
| | |οικε!<br/>wekë!||οικοι!<br/>wekwe! | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|house (direct object)|Accusative}} | !|{{abbtip|house (direct object)|Accusative}} | ||
| | |οικον<br/>wekon||οικους<br/>wekũr | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|of a house|Genitive}} | !|{{abbtip|of a house|Genitive}} | ||
| | |οικου<br/>wekũ ||οικων<br/>wekun | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|into a house|Illative}} | !|{{abbtip|into a house|Illative}} | ||
| | |οικονεις<br/>wekonir ||οικουςεις<br/>wekũrir | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|in a house|Inessive}} | !|{{abbtip|in a house|Inessive}} | ||
| | |οικουνδο<br/>wekũndo ||οικωνενδο<br/>wekunëndo | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|out of a house|Elative}} | !|{{abbtip|out of a house|Elative}} | ||
| | |οικουξε<br/>wekũksë ||οικωνεξε<br/>wekunëksë | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|near/at a house|Adessive}} | !|{{abbtip|near/at a house|Adessive}} | ||
| | |οικουρειτ<br/>wekũrit ||οικωνειτ<br/>wekunit | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|to/toward a house|Allative}} | !|{{abbtip|to/toward a house|Allative}} | ||
| | |οικουβαι<br/>wekũbe ||οικωμβαι<br/>wekumbe | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|from a house|Ablative}} | !|{{abbtip|from a house|Ablative}} | ||
| | |οικομπο<br/>wekompo ||οικουπο<br/>wekũpo | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|by means of a house|Instrumental}} | !|{{abbtip|by means of a house|Instrumental}} | ||
| | |οικουδω<br/>wekũdu ||οικωνδω<br/>wekundu | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|as a house|Essive}} | !|{{abbtip|as a house|Essive}} | ||
| | |οικουπρε<br/>wekũprë ||οικωμπρε<br/>wekumprë | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|becoming a house|Translative}} | !|{{abbtip|becoming a house|Translative}} | ||
| | |οικονειν<br/>wekonin ||οικουςειν<br/>wekũrin | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|without a house|Abessive}} | !|{{abbtip|without a house|Abessive}} | ||
| | |οικουχω<br/>wekũkhu ||οικωγχω<br/>wekunkhu | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|(together) with a house|Comitative}} | !|{{abbtip|(together) with a house|Comitative}} | ||
| | |οικουμε<br/>wekũmë ||οικωμμε<br/>wekummë | ||
|} | |} | ||
{{col-break}} | {{col-break}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|+ | |+ δωρον 'gift' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!| !! Singular !! Plural | !| !! Singular !! Plural | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|house (subject)|Nominative}} | !|{{abbtip|house (subject)|Nominative}} | ||
| | |δωρον<br/>duron ||δωρα<br/>dura | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|house!|Vocative}} | !|{{abbtip|house!|Vocative}} | ||
| | |δωρον!<br/>duron!||δωρα!<br/>dura! | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|house (direct object)|Accusative}} | !|{{abbtip|house (direct object)|Accusative}} | ||
| | |δωρον<br/>duron||δωρα<br/>dura | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|of a house|Genitive}} | !|{{abbtip|of a house|Genitive}} | ||
| | |δωρου<br/>durũ ||δωρων<br/>durun | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|into a house|Illative}} | !|{{abbtip|into a house|Illative}} | ||
| | |δωρονεις<br/>duronir ||δωραεις<br/>durair | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|in a house|Inessive}} | !|{{abbtip|in a house|Inessive}} | ||
| | |δωρουνδο ||δωρωνενδο | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|out of a house|Elative}} | !|{{abbtip|out of a house|Elative}} | ||
| | |δωρουξε ||δωρωνεξε | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|near/at a house|Adessive}} | !|{{abbtip|near/at a house|Adessive}} | ||
| | |δωρουειτ ||δωρωνειτ | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|to/toward a house|Allative}} | !|{{abbtip|to/toward a house|Allative}} | ||
| | |δωρουβαι ||δωρωμβαι | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|from a house|Ablative}} | !|{{abbtip|from a house|Ablative}} | ||
| | |δωρομπο ||δωραπο | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|by means of a house|Instrumental}} | !|{{abbtip|by means of a house|Instrumental}} | ||
| | |δωρουδω ||δωρωνδω | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|as a house|Essive}} | !|{{abbtip|as a house|Essive}} | ||
| | |δωρουπρε ||δωρωμπρε | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|becoming a house|Translative}} | !|{{abbtip|becoming a house|Translative}} | ||
| | |δωρονειν ||δωραειν | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|without a house|Abessive}} | !|{{abbtip|without a house|Abessive}} | ||
| | |δωρουχω ||δωρωγχω | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|(together) with a house|Comitative}} | !|{{abbtip|(together) with a house|Comitative}} | ||
| | |δωρουμε ||δωρωμμε | ||
|} | |} | ||
{{col-break}} | {{col-break}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|+ | |+ πολις 'city' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!| !! Singular !! Plural | !| !! Singular !! Plural | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|house (subject)|Nominative}} | !|{{abbtip|house (subject)|Nominative}} | ||
| | |πολις||πολες | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|house!|Vocative}} | !|{{abbtip|house!|Vocative}} | ||
| | |πολι!||πολερ! | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|house (direct object)|Accusative}} | !|{{abbtip|house (direct object)|Accusative}} | ||
| | |πολιν||πολες | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|of a house|Genitive}} | !|{{abbtip|of a house|Genitive}} | ||
| | |πολιως ||πολιων | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|into a house|Illative}} | !|{{abbtip|into a house|Illative}} | ||
| | |πολινεις ||πολεςεις | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|in a house|Inessive}} | !|{{abbtip|in a house|Inessive}} | ||
| | |πολιωνδο ||πολιωνενδο | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|out of a house|Elative}} | !|{{abbtip|out of a house|Elative}} | ||
| | |πολιωξε ||πολιωνεξε | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|near/at a house|Adessive}} | !|{{abbtip|near/at a house|Adessive}} | ||
| | |πολιωρειτ ||πολιωνειτ | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|to/toward a house|Allative}} | !|{{abbtip|to/toward a house|Allative}} | ||
| | |πολιωβαι ||πολιωμβαι | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|from a house|Ablative}} | !|{{abbtip|from a house|Ablative}} | ||
| | |πολιμπο ||πολεπο | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|by means of a house|Instrumental}} | !|{{abbtip|by means of a house|Instrumental}} | ||
| | |πολιωδω ||πολιωνδω | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|as a house|Essive}} | !|{{abbtip|as a house|Essive}} | ||
| | |πολιωπρε ||πολιωμπρε | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|becoming a house|Translative}} | !|{{abbtip|becoming a house|Translative}} | ||
| | |πολινειν ||πολεςειν | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|without a house|Abessive}} | !|{{abbtip|without a house|Abessive}} | ||
| | |πολιωχω ||πολιωγχω | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|{{abbtip|(together) with a house|Comitative}} | !|{{abbtip|(together) with a house|Comitative}} | ||
| | |πολιωμε ||πολιωμμε | ||
|} | |} | ||
{{col-end}} | {{col-end}} | ||
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{{col-break}} | {{col-break}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|+ | |+ καλος 'good' (1st/2nd decl.); present tense | ||
|- | |- | ||
!| !! Singular !! Plural | !| !! Singular !! Plural | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|male | !|male | ||
| | |καλος<br/>kalor||καλοι<br/>kale | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|female | !|female | ||
| | |καλη<br/>kalya||καλαι<br/>kale | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|inanimate | !|inanimate | ||
| | |καλον<br/>kalon||καλα<br/>kala | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|attributive | !|attributive | ||
|colspan="2"| | |colspan="2"|καλ(ο)-<br/>kal(o)- | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|+ | |+ καλος 'good' (1st/2nd decl.); past tense | ||
|- | |- | ||
!| !! Singular !! Plural | !| !! Singular !! Plural | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|male | !|male | ||
| | |καλορων<br/>kalorun||καλοντες<br/>kalontër | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|female | !|female | ||
| | |καληρα<br/>kalyara||καλαιςαι<br/>kalere | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|inanimate | !|inanimate | ||
| | |καλονον<br/>kalonon||καλαντα<br/>kalanta | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|attributive | !|attributive | ||
|colspan="2"| | |colspan="2"|καλομοντ<br/>kalomont | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|+ | |+ καλος 'good' (1st decl.); imperative | ||
|- | |- | ||
!| !! Singular !! Plural | !| !! Singular !! Plural | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|active | !|active | ||
| | |καλοστι!<br/>kalosti!||καλοστε!<br/>kalostë! | ||
|} | |} | ||
{{col-break}} | {{col-break}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|+ | |+ ευγενης 'gentlemanly' (3nd decl.) | ||
|- | |- | ||
!| !! Singular !! Plural | !| !! Singular !! Plural | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|male | !|male | ||
| | |ευγενης<br/>yuhënyar||ευγενεις<br/>yuhënir | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|female | !|female | ||
| | |ευγενης<br/>yuhënyar||ευγενεις<br/>yuhënir | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|inanimate | !|inanimate | ||
| | |ευγενες<br/>yuhënër||ευγενη<br/>yuhënya | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|attributive | !|attributive | ||
|colspan="2"| | |colspan="2"|ευγεν(ο)-<br/>yuhën(o)- | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|+ | |+ ευγενης 'gentlemanly' (3nd decl.); past tense | ||
|- | |- | ||
!| !! Singular !! Plural | !| !! Singular !! Plural | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|male | !|male | ||
| | |ευγενηρων<br/>yuhënyarun||ευγενειντες<br/>yuhënintër | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|female | !|female | ||
| | |ευγενηςα<br/>yuhënyara||ευγενειςαι<br/>yuhënire | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|inanimate | !|inanimate | ||
| | |ευγενερον<br/>yuhënëron||ευγενηντα<br/>yuhënyanta | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|attributive | !|attributive | ||
|colspan="2"| | |colspan="2"|ευγενομοντ<br/>yuhënomont | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|+ | |+ ευγενης 'gentlemanly' (3nd decl.); imperative | ||
|- | |- | ||
!| !! Singular !! Plural | !| !! Singular !! Plural | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|active | !|active | ||
| | |ευγενοστι!<br/>yuhënosti!||ευγενοστε!<br/>yuhënostë! | ||
|} | |} | ||
{{col-end}} | {{col-end}} | ||
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{{col-break}} | {{col-break}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|+ | |+ φαγων 'eat' - present active | ||
|- | |- | ||
!| !! Singular !! Plural | !| !! Singular !! Plural | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|male | !|male | ||
| | |φαγων<br/>phahun||φαγοντες<br/>phahontër | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|female | !|female | ||
| | |φαγουςα<br/>phahũra||φαγουραι<br/>phahũre | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|inanimate | !|inanimate | ||
| | |φαγον<br/>phahon||φαγοντα<br/>phahonta | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|attributive | !|attributive | ||
|colspan="2"| | |colspan="2"|φαγοντ<br/>phahont | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|+ | |+ φαγων 'eat' - past active | ||
|- | |- | ||
!| !! Singular !! Plural | !| !! Singular !! Plural | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|male | !|male | ||
| | |φαγας<br/>phahar||φαγαντες<br/>phahantër | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|female | !|female | ||
| | |φαγαςα<br/>phahara||φαγαραι<br/>phahare | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|inanimate | !|inanimate | ||
| | |φαγαν<br/>phahan||φαγαντα<br/>phahanta | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|attributive | !|attributive | ||
|colspan="2"| | |colspan="2"|φαγας<br/>phahar | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|+ | |+ φαγων 'eat' - imperative active | ||
|- | |- | ||
!| !! Singular !! Plural | !| !! Singular !! Plural | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|active | !|active | ||
| | |φαγε!<br/>phahë!||φαγετε!<br/>phahëtë! | ||
|} | |} | ||
Line 401: | Line 401: | ||
{{col-break}} | {{col-break}} | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|+ | |+ φαγων 'eat' - present passive | ||
|- | |- | ||
!| !! Singular !! Plural | !| !! Singular !! Plural | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|male | !|male | ||
| | |φαγομενος<br/>phahomënor||φαγομενοι<br/>phahomënwe | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|female | !|female | ||
| | |φαγομενη<br/>phahomënya||φαγομεναι<br/>phahomëne | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|inanimate | !|inanimate | ||
| | |φαγομενον<br/>phahomënon||φαγομενα<br/>phahomëna | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|attributive | !|attributive | ||
|colspan="2"| | |colspan="2"|φαγομεν<br/>phahomën | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|+ | |+ φαγων 'eat' - past passive | ||
|- | |- | ||
!| !! Singular !! Plural | !| !! Singular !! Plural | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|male | !|male | ||
| | |φαγομενοςων<br/>phahamënorun||φαγαμενοντες<br/>phahamënontër | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|female | !|female | ||
| | |φαγομενηςα<br/>phahamënyara||φαγαμεναιςαι<br/>phahamënere | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|inanimate | !|inanimate | ||
| | |φαγαμενονον<br/>phahamënonon||φαγαμεναντα<br/>phahamënanta | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|attributive | !|attributive | ||
|colspan="2"| | |colspan="2"|φαγομενομοντ<br/>phahomënomont | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|+ | |+ φαγων 'eat' - imperative passive | ||
|- | |- | ||
!| !! Singular !! Plural | !| !! Singular !! Plural | ||
|- | |- | ||
!|active | !|active | ||
| | |φαγομεστι!<br/>phahomësti!||φαγομεστε!<br/>phahomëstë! | ||
|} | |} | ||
{{col-end}} | {{col-end}} | ||
Line 451: | Line 451: | ||
All numbers are indeclinable: | All numbers are indeclinable: | ||
1-10: | 1-10: ën, dwi, trya, tëttar, pënta, ëksa, ëpta, ohta, ënnya, dëka | ||
11-20: | 11-20: ëndyutrũ, dwidyutru, ..., ikori (< hen deuterou, dyo deuterou, ... "one of the second [ten], two of the second [ten], ..." cf. Estonian üks·teist, kaks·teist, ...) | ||
100: | 100: ëkaton | ||
1000: | 1000: khilya | ||
==Syntax== | ==Syntax== |
edits