Daùnare: Difference between revisions

Daùnare (view source)

Revision as of 20:14, 5 June 2022

3,076 bytes added , 5 June 2022

→‎Nouns

Frederic Bayer

375

edits

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 ==Inflectional morphology==
 ===Nouns===
+Daùnare nouns decline according to noun '''class''' (also called gender), '''number''', and '''case'''. There are four '''classes''', each declining for either three or two '''numbers''' as shown below (an asterisk* indicates the default/undifferentiated form).
+* Masculine (singular,* dual, plural)
+* Feminine (singular,* dual, plural)
+* Concrete (singular,* dual, plural)
+* Abstract (collective,* singulative)
+However, in many ways the abstract singulative can be regarded more as a derivational than inflectional process, as it isn't universally productive (there are many collective-only abstract nouns).
+Masculine, feminine, and concrete nouns decline for six '''cases''': absolutive, ergative, dative, genitive, ablative, and vocative. Abstract nouns feature the same cases except for the vocative, i.e. a total of five. Declension suffixes are shown in the table below &ndash; for an overview of what the parenthesised letters indicate, please see the above sections on [[#Class-dependent anaptyxis|&rarr;class-dependent anaptyxis]] and the [[#Methelcystic t and the definite clitic|&rarr;methelcystic t and the definite clitic]].
+{| class="wikitable" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"
+|+ Declension table (most nouns)
+|- style="text-align:center;"
+! rowspan="2" |
+! colspan="3" | {{sc|masculine}}
+! colspan="3" | {{sc|feminine}}
+! colspan="3" | {{sc|concrete}}
+! colspan="2" | {{sc|abstract}}
+|- style="text-align:center;"
+! {{sc|sg}}
+! {{sc|dl}}
+! {{sc|pl}}
+! {{sc|sg}}
+! {{sc|dl}}
+! {{sc|pl}}
+! {{sc|sg}}
+! {{sc|dl}}
+! {{sc|pl}}
+! {{sc|col}}
+! {{sc|sgv}}
+|-
+! style="text-align:center;" | {{sc|abs}}
+| -(t)an
+| -(t)aın
+| -(t)ana
+| -(i)ni
+| -(i)nis
+| -(t)in
+| -(t)en
+| -(t)eın
+| -(t)ene
+| -(u)nu
+| -(t)unu
+|-
+! style="text-align:center;" | {{sc|erg}}
+| -(t)as
+| -(t)aıs
+| -(t)ara
+| -(t)i
+| -(t)is
+| -(t)ir
+| -(t)es
+| -(t)eıs
+| -(t)ere
+| -(t)u
+| -(t)uru
+|-
+! style="text-align:center;" | {{sc|dat}}
+| -(t)am
+| -(t)aım
+| -(t)ama
+| -(i)mi
+| -(i)mis
+| -(t)im
+| -(t)em
+| -(t)eım
+| -(t)eme
+| -(u)mu
+| -(t)umu
+|-
+! style="text-align:center;" | {{sc|gen}}
+| -(t)ar
+| -(t)ari
+| rowspan=3 | -(t)ā
+| -(i)ri
+| -(i)ris
+| rowspan=3 | -(t)ī
+| -(t)er
+| -(t)eri
+| rowspan=3 | -(t)ē
+| -(u)ru
+| -(t)ū
+|-
+! style="text-align:center;" | {{sc|abl}}
+| -(t)al
+| -(t)aıl
+| -(i)li
+| -(i)lis
+| -(t)el
+| -(t)eıl
+| -(u)lu
+| -(t)ul
+|-
+! style="text-align:center;" | {{sc|voc}}
+| -(t)a
+| -(t)aı
+| -(t)īs
+| -(t)īr
+| -(t)e
+| -(t)eı
+| style="background-color: #aaa;" |
+| style="background-color: #aaa;" |
+|}
+Some singulative abstract nouns have been reanalysed as concrete nouns (known as ''concretised nouns''). These follow a special uncountable declension:
+{| class="wikitable" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"
+|+ Concretised nouns
+|-
+! {{sc|abs}}
+| -(t)uın
+|-
+! {{sc|erg}}
+| -(t)uruıs
+|-
+! {{sc|dat}}
+| -(t)uım
+|-
+! {{sc|gen}}
+| -(t)uri
+|-
+! {{sc|abl}}
+| -(t)uli
+|}
+'''Definiteness''' is expressed using the definite clitic, for which see above ([[#Methelcystic t and the definite clitic|&rarr;methelcystic t and the definite clitic]]).
 ===Verbs===
 ====Tense and aspect====