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| ===Phonology=== | | ===Phonology=== |
| There is a maximum of 8 oral vowels, 5 nasal vowels, 2 semivowels and 35 consonants; though some varieties of the language have fewer phonemes. Gothic, Frankish, [[w:Suebi|northern Suebi]], Langobardic, [[w:Lepontic language|Lepontic]] and [[w:Cisalpine Gaulish|Cisalpine Gaulish]] ([[w:Roman Gaul|Roman Gaul]]) influences were highly absorbed into the local Vulgar Latin dialect. An early form of Luthic was already spoken in the Ostrogothic Kingdom during Theodoric’s reign and by the year 600 Luthic had already become the [[w:Vernacular|vernacular]] of Ravenna. Luthic developed in the region of the former Ostrogothic capital of Ravenna, from Late Latin dialects and Vulgar Latin. As Theodoric emerged as the new ruler of Italy, he upheld a Roman legal administration and scholarly culture while promoting a major building program across Italy, his cultural and architectural attention to Ravenna led to a most conserved dialect, resulting in modern Luthic. | | There is a maximum of 8 oral vowels, 5 nasal vowels, 2 semivowels and 35 consonants; though some varieties of the language have fewer phonemes. Gothic, Frankish, [[w:Suebi|northern Suebi]], Langobardic, [[w:Lepontic language|Lepontic]] and [[w:Cisalpine Gaulish|Cisalpine Gaulish]] ([[w:Roman Gaul|Roman Gaul]]) influences were highly absorbed into the local Vulgar Latin dialect. An early form of Luthic was already spoken in the Ostrogothic Kingdom during Theodoric’s reign and by the year 600 Luthic had already become the [[w:Vernacular|vernacular]] of Ravenna. Luthic developed in the region of the former Ostrogothic capital of Ravenna, from Late Latin dialects and Vulgar Latin. As Theodoric emerged as the new ruler of Italy, he upheld a Roman legal administration and scholarly culture while promoting a major building program across Italy, his cultural and architectural attention to Ravenna led to a most conserved dialect, resulting in modern Luthic. |
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| ====Consonants====
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| {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
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| |-
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| |+ Consonant phonemes of Standard Luthic
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| ! colspan=2 rowspan=2 |
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| ! rowspan=2| [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]]
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| ! rowspan=2| [[w:Dental consonant|Dental]]/<br />[[Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]]
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| ! rowspan=2| [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Postalveolar]]
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| ! rowspan=2| [[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]]
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| ! colspan=2| [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
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| ! rowspan=2| [[w:Uvular consonant|Uvular]]
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| ! rowspan=2| [[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
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| |-
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| ! {{small|plain}}
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| ! {{small|[[w:Labialization|labialized]]}}
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| |-
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| !colspan=2| [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
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| | m
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| | n
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| | ɲ
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| | ŋ
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| | (ŋʷ)
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| |-
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| !rowspan=2| [[w:Stop consonant|Plosive]]
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| ! {{small|[[w:voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
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| | p
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| | t
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| |
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| | k
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| | kʷ
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| |
| |
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| |-
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| ! {{small|[[w:voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
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| | b
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| | d
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| | ɡ
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| | ɡʷ
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| |
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| |-
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| !rowspan=2| [[w:Fricative consonant|Fricative]]
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| ! {{small|[[w:voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
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| | f
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| | s θ
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| | ʃ
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| | ç
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| | (x)
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| | h
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| |-
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| ! {{small|[[w:voice (phonetics)|voiced]]}}
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| | v
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| | z
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| | ʒ
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| |colspan=2|
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| | ʁ
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| |-
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| !rowspan=2| [[w:Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
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| ! {{small|[[w:voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
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| | (p͡f)
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| | t͡s (t͡θ)
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| | t͡ʃ
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| |-
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| ! {{small|[[w:voicelessness|voiceless]]}}
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| | d͡z
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| | d͡ʒ
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| |-
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| !rowspan=3| [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]]
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| ! {{small|[[w:semivowel|semivowel]]}}
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| | j
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| | w
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| |-
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| ! {{small|[[w:Lateral consonant|lateral]]}}
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| | l
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| | ʎ
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| |colspan=2|
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| |-
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| ! {{small|[[w:Tuscan gorgia|Gorgia Toscana]]}}
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| | (ʋ)
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| | (ð̞)
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| | (ɣ˕)
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" | [[w:Flap consonant|Flap]]
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| | ɾ
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| |colspan=2|
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" | [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]]
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| |colspan=2|
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| |ʀ
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| |}
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| =====Notes=====
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|
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| * '''Nasals:'''
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| ** /n/ is laminal alveolar [n̻].
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| ** /ɲ/ is alveolo-palatal, always geminate when intervocalic.
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| ** /ŋ/ has a labio-velar allophone [ŋʷ] before labio-velar plosives.
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|
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| * '''Plosives:'''
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| ** /p/, /pʰ/ and /b/ are purely labial.
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| ** /t/, /tʰ/ and /d/ are laminal dentialveolar [t̻, t̻ʰ, d̻].
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| ** /k/ and /ɡ/ are pre-velar [k̟, ɡ̟] before /i, e, ɛ, j/.
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| ** /kʷ/ and /ɡʷ/ are palato-labialised [kᶣ, ɡᶣ] before /i, e, ɛ, j/.
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|
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| * '''Affricates:'''
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| ** /p͡f/ is bilabial–labiodental and is only found as a common allophone.
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| ** /t͡θ/ is dental and is only found as a common allophone.
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| ** /t͡s/ and /d͡z/ are dentalised laminal alveolar [t̻͡s̪, d̻͡z̪].
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| ** /t͡ʃ/ and /d͡ʒ/ are strongly labialised palato-alveolar [t͡ʃʷ, d͡ʒʷ].
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|
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| * '''Fricatives:'''
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| ** /f/ and /v/ are labiodental.
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| ** /θ/ is dental.
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| ** /s/ and /z/ are laminal alveolar [s̻, z̻].
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| ** /ʃ/ is strongly labialised palato-alveolar [ʃʷ].
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| ** /x/ is velar, and only found when triggered by Gorgia Toscana.
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| ** /ʁ/ is uvular, but in anlaut is in free variation with [h].
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| ** /h/ is glottal, but is in free variation with [x ~ ʁ], /h/ is palatal [ç] nearby /i, e, ɛ, j/.
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|
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| * '''Approximants, flap, trill and laterals:'''
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| ** /ʋ/ is labiodental, and only found when triggered by Gorgia Toscana.
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| ** /ð̞/ is dental, and only found when triggered by Gorgia Toscana.
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| ** /j/ and /w/ are always geminate when intervocalic.
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| ** /ɾ/ is alveolar [ɾ].
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| ** /ɣ˕/ is velar, and only found when triggered by Gorgia Toscana.
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| ** /ʀ/ is uvular [ʀ], but is in free variation with alveolar [r].
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| ** /l/ is laminal alveolar [l̻].
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| ** /ʎ/ is alveolo-palatal, always geminate when intervocalic.
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| ====Historical phonology==== | | ====Historical phonology==== |