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User:Aquatiki/MSEAL: Difference between revisions
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| child2 = [[w:Mon language]] | | child2 = [[w:Mon language]] | ||
| child3 = [[w:Khmer language]] | | child3 = [[w:Khmer language]] | ||
| child4 = | | child4 = [[w:Vietnamese language]] | ||
| child5 = [[w:Lao language]] | | child5 = [[w:Lao language]] | ||
| child6 = [[w:Thai language]] | | child6 = [[w:Thai language]] | ||
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'''MSEAL''' | '''MSEAL''' has | ||
* Sesquisyllabicity - a "minor syllable" before a stressed main syllable. | |||
* Four tones | |||
* CV, CVC - no clusters | |||
* Isolating/Analytic Morphology: Almost no inflection or derivational morphology, with meaning expressed via word order, particles, and compounding. | |||
* Classifiers: Required when counting nouns. Many languages distinguish human, animal, object, and abstract classifiers. | |||
* Serial Verb Constructions (SVCs): Verbs often appear in chains without overt conjunctions (e.g., “go buy eat” instead of “go to buy and eat”). | |||
* Post-Verbal Aspectual Markers: Instead of tense, aspect is often marked via sentence-final particles or auxiliary verbs. | |||
* Pronoun Systems with Honorifics: Complex pronoun systems based on politeness and familiarity. | |||
* Topic-Comment Structure: Information flow prioritizes topics over strict subject-predicate structures. | |||
VO Order with Heavy Postmodification: Most MSEA languages use SVO word order, but with frequent postnominal relative clauses. | |||
* Sentence-Final Particles: Used for modality, politeness, evidentiality, and discourse functions (e.g., Mandarin 吗 “ma” for questions, Thai นะ “ná” for softening). | |||
* Negation with Dedicated Particles: pre-verbal (e.g., Mandarin 不 “bù,” Vietnamese không) | |||
* Reduplication: Used for pluralization, intensity, or aspectual modification (e.g., Thai ดีๆ "di di" = "very good"). | |||
* Directional Verbs: Motion verbs often specify direction explicitly (“go up,” “go down,” “come in”). | |||
* Many sino-buddhist loan words | |||
Isolating, mostly mono-morphemic words, no inflection and little affixation. Nouns are derived by compounding. Grammatical relations are typically signaled by word order, particles and coverbs or prepositions. Modality is expressed using sentence-final particles. | |||
== Anthropology == | == Anthropology == | ||
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** Mien | ** Mien | ||
== Phonology == | == Phonology and Orthography== | ||
MSEAL should have monosyllabic morphemes, lexical tone, a fairly large inventory of consonants, including phonemic aspiration, limited clusters at the beginning of a syllable, and plentiful vowel contrasts. Consider sesquisyllables. Isolating, mostly mono-morphemic words, no inflection and little affixation. | MSEAL should have monosyllabic morphemes, lexical tone, a fairly large inventory of consonants, including phonemic aspiration, limited clusters at the beginning of a syllable, and plentiful vowel contrasts. Consider sesquisyllables. Isolating, mostly mono-morphemic words, no inflection and little affixation. | ||
{| | |||
MSEAL uses the [[w:New Tai Lue alphabet]] for its writing system, using it as a true alphabet, not an abugida. This is a novel way to use an existing alphabet, but it is more familiar to the neighbor who use the latin script, and are accustomed to writing everything down. | MSEAL uses the [[w:New Tai Lue alphabet]] for its writing system, using it as a true alphabet, not an abugida. This is a novel way to use an existing alphabet, but it is more familiar to the neighbor who use the latin script, and are accustomed to writing everything down. | ||
=== Consonants === | === Consonants === | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | ||
|+ MSEAL Initial Consonants | |+ MSEAL Initial Consonants | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! Labial !! Alveolar !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal | ! !! Labial !! Alveolar !! Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! Nasals | ||
| /m/ ᦙ | | /m/ ᦙ | ||
| /n/ ᦓ | | /n/ ᦓ | ||
| Line 82: | Line 82: | ||
| /p/ ᦔ | | /p/ ᦔ | ||
| /t/ ᦑ | | /t/ ᦑ | ||
| | | /tɕ~c/ ᦈ | ||
| /k/ ᦂ | |||
| /ʔ/ ᦀ | | /ʔ/ ᦀ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Aspirated | ! Aspirated | ||
| /pʰ/ ᦘ | | /pʰ/ ᦘ | ||
| /tʰ/ | | /tʰ/ ᦒ | ||
| | | /tɕʰ~cʰ/ ᦋ | ||
| /kʰ/ ᦅ | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! | ! "Voiced" | ||
| /b~ɓ/ ᦢ | |||
| /d~ɗ/ ᦡ | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Fricative | ! Fricative | ||
| /f | | /f/ ᦝ | ||
| colspan="2" | /s~ɕ/ ᦉ | | colspan="2" | /s~ɕ/ ᦉ | ||
| || /h/ | | || /h/ ᦣ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Approx. | ! Approx. | ||
| /v~w~ʋ/ ᦞ | | /v~w~ʋ/ ᦞ | ||
| /l/ ᦟ | | /l/ ᦟ | ||
| /j/ | | /j/ ᦊ | ||
| | || | | | || | ||
|} | |} | ||
| Line 112: | Line 113: | ||
|+ Coda Sounds | |+ Coda Sounds | ||
|- | |- | ||
! p !! t !! k !! m !! n !! ŋ !! | ! p !! t !! k !! m !! n !! ŋ !! ʔ | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ᧇ || ᧆ || ᧅ || ᧄ || ᧃ || ᧂ || ᧁ | | ᧇ || ᧆ || ᧅ || ᧄ || ᧃ || ᧂ || ᧁ | ||
| Line 127: | Line 128: | ||
=== Vowels === | === Vowels === | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | ||
|+ Vowels and Diphthongs | |+ Vowels and Diphthongs | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 133: | Line 134: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! High | ! High | ||
| /i/ | | /i/ ᦲ || rowspan="2" | /ǝ/ ᦹ || /u/ ᦴ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Middle | ! Middle | ||
| /e/ | | /e/ ᦵ | ||
| /o/ | | /o/ ᦷ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Low | ! Low | ||
| colspan="3" | | colspan="3" | /a/ ᦱ | ||
|} | |} | ||
ai = ᦺ; au=ᦸ, ei=ᦾ; ou = ᦳ | |||
{{Aquatiki}} | {{Aquatiki}} | ||