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Koǧan: Difference between revisions
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=== Pronouns === | === Pronouns === | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! Number !! Person !! Politeness !! Nom. !! Acc. !! Dat. !! Obl. !! Poss. !! | ! Number !! Person !! Politeness !! Nom. !! Acc. !! Dat. !! Obl. !! Poss. !! Clitic Acc. !! Clitic Dat. | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="4" | Singular !! 1 !! - | ! rowspan="4" | Singular !! 1 !! - | ||
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| antu || - || lèkum || kum || ''paraph'' || -kum || -ki | | antu || - || lèkum || kum || ''paraph'' || -kum || -ki | ||
|} | |} | ||
Two clitics both attaching to a verb is possible. If there are two, dative always precedes accusative. | Two clitics both attaching to a verb is possible. If there are two, dative always precedes accusative, e.g. ''da-mi-le'' "give me her". | ||
Another important pronoun is '''es'''. It reflexive without person or number, clitic or independent, dative or accusative. | Another important pronoun is '''es'''. It reflexive without person or number, clitic or independent, dative or accusative. | ||
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* -èr class -> active, from -ēre, e.g. temer 'to fear' | * -èr class -> active, from -ēre, e.g. temer 'to fear' | ||
* -ir class -> inchoative, from -īre, e.g. dormir 'to sleep' | * -ir class -> inchoative, from -īre, e.g. dormir 'to sleep' | ||
* -òr class -> mediopassive, from -or, e.g. moròr 'to die', lavòr 'to bathe (oneself)' | * -òr class -> mediopassive, from -or, e.g. moròr 'to die', lavòr 'to bathe (oneself)'. Amazingly, new verbs enter this category, such as ''umidékor'' "to get wet" | ||
For -ar, present indicative active: -o, -as, -a, -am, -ac, -an. | |||
-èr is -o, | -èr is -o, -ès, -è, -èm, -èc, -èm. | ||
-ir is -o, | -ir is -o, -is, -i, -im, -ic, -im. | ||
-òr is -o, | -òr is -o, -us, -u, -um, -uc, -um. -ò- appears in other stems. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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* pl -> br | * pl -> br | ||
* kr stays | * kr stays | ||
* | * de-geminate all except rr, ll | ||
* skr -> ehw | * skr -> ehw | ||
* sp -> esp | * sp -> esp | ||