2,568
edits
Koǧan: Difference between revisions
m
→Historical Timeline of the Koǧan Language
| Line 30: | Line 30: | ||
''Linguistic Phase: Proto-Koǧan'' | ''Linguistic Phase: Proto-Koǧan'' | ||
During this time, Koǧa was settled by Latin-speaking provincials from the eastern Mediterranean. The population likely included Jews resettled after the destruction of the Second Temple (70 CE) and the Bar Kokhba revolt (132–135 CE). These settlers brought Latin, Koine Greek, Hebrew, and Classical education. | During this time, Koǧa was settled by African Latin-speaking provincials from the eastern Mediterranean. The population likely included Jews resettled after the destruction of the Second Temple (70 CE) and the Bar Kokhba revolt (132–135 CE). These settlers brought Latin, Koine Greek, Hebrew, and Classical education. | ||
Key features: | Key features: | ||
* Early divergence from continental Vulgar Latin. | * Early divergence from continental Vulgar Latin. | ||
* Lexical influence from Koine Greek and Hebrew. | * Lexical influence from Koine Greek and Hebrew. | ||
** Hebrew influence seems to be mostly, liturgical and scholarly, but notice שוב "again". | |||
** Greek is major in the areas of philosophy, medicine, and theology. | |||
** The strands appear mixed, leading most scholars to conclude they were Hellenized Jews from the Aegean or Cyrenaica—areas that used Latin in official contexts but spoke Greek natively. | |||
* Syntactic conservatism due to Classical education and Hebraic influence. | * Syntactic conservatism due to Classical education and Hebraic influence. | ||
* Formation of a hybrid Latin variant: '''Proto-Koǧan'''. | * Formation of a hybrid Latin variant: '''Proto-Koǧan'''. | ||
| Line 44: | Line 47: | ||
Key features: | Key features: | ||
* Extensive Arabic borrowing ( | * Extensive Arabic borrowing (jurisprudence, cooking, etc.). | ||
* Borrowings show adaptation to Koǧan phonotactics; lack of Arabic definite article ''al-''. | * Borrowings show adaptation to Koǧan phonotactics; lack of Arabic definite article ''al-''. Borrowings were filtered through writing and adapted into learned registers. | ||
* Use of Classical Arabic (''fuṣḥā'') over Maghrebi vernacular. | ** Examples include xuk (market), roz (rice), mufada (pillow), etc. | ||
* Use of Classical Arabic (''fuṣḥā'') over Maghrebi vernacular, but still professional interactions predominated. | |||
* Koǧa as a translation hub (Latin, Arabic, Hebrew), fostering a trilingual elite. | * Koǧa as a translation hub (Latin, Arabic, Hebrew), fostering a trilingual elite. | ||
| Line 52: | Line 56: | ||
''Linguistic Phase: Classical Koǧan'' | ''Linguistic Phase: Classical Koǧan'' | ||
Caudia avoided full integration into the Christian Reconquista, instead passing between Genoese, Pisan, and Aragonese control. Muslim and Jewish institutions survived well beyond their suppression elsewhere. | Caudia avoided full integration into the Christian Reconquista, instead passing between Genoese, Pisan, and Aragonese control. Muslim and Jewish institutions survived well beyond their suppression elsewhere. Koǧa's status as a nominal vassal of Aragon, and the Treaty of Miǧan secured independence, but exacted a heavy toll. | ||
Key features: | Key features: | ||
* Koǧan became a lingua franca for interfaith communication. | * Koǧan became a lingua franca for interfaith communication. | ||
* Renewed Latin influence via | * Renewed Latin influence via legal texts. | ||
* Increased specialization of Arabic/Hebrew loanwords. | * Increased specialization of Arabic/Hebrew loanwords. | ||
* Formal registers of Koǧan emerge: '''Classical Koǧan'''. | * Formal registers of Koǧan emerge: '''Classical Koǧan''', which include Hebrew and Arabic alongside Latin in legal documents. A trilingual bureaucracy shaped Koǧan lexicon and calquing. | ||
=== IV. Early Modern Period and Koǧan Standardization (c. 1500–1800 CE) === | === IV. Early Modern Period and Koǧan Standardization (c. 1500–1800 CE) === | ||
| Line 69: | Line 73: | ||
* Diglossia between vernacular and elevated liturgical/literary forms. | * Diglossia between vernacular and elevated liturgical/literary forms. | ||
* Phonological hypercorrection among urban elites. | * Phonological hypercorrection among urban elites. | ||
* Importation of neo-Latin and Romance vocabulary from the mainland (both Catalan and Sardinian) | |||
* Legal and literary prose in Koǧan expanded. | * Legal and literary prose in Koǧan expanded. | ||
| Line 79: | Line 84: | ||
* Standardized orthography and grammar. | * Standardized orthography and grammar. | ||
* Institutional support for Koǧan education and literature. | * Institutional support for Koǧan education and literature. | ||
** The Royal Academy slowly evolved into its current form, overseeing the language. | |||
* Literary revival of Koǧan poetry, especially in religious contexts. | * Literary revival of Koǧan poetry, especially in religious contexts. | ||
** This tends to favor Semitic over Latinate roots at times. | |||
* Expansion of vocabulary to include modern domains (science, politics, etc.). | * Expansion of vocabulary to include modern domains (science, politics, etc.). | ||
** The Royal Academy prefers constructing from Koğan roots, as opposed to importing neologisms. | |||
=== Summary Table === | === Summary Table === | ||