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→Infixes -t-, -p- and -k-
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Nouns in Locative / Instrumental follow the verb and play the role of indirect objects or adverbial modifiers. | Nouns in Locative / Instrumental follow the verb and play the role of indirect objects or adverbial modifiers. | ||
===Infixes ''-t-'', ''- | ===Infixes ''-t-'', ''-x- '' and ''-k-''=== | ||
Three infixes, ''-t-,'' ''- | Three infixes, ''-t-,'' ''-x- ''and ''-k-'', can be used in different parts of speech and with different noun cases. The general semantic meaning of them is as follows: | ||
{| border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="article-table" | {| border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="article-table" | ||
| '''''-t-''''' | | '''''-t-''''' | ||
|Moving towards, becoming, entering a state; goal, purpose, effect or consequence | |Moving towards, becoming, entering a state; goal, purpose, effect or consequence | ||
|- | |- | ||
| '''''- | | '''''-x-''''' | ||
|Moving away, leaving state; motive, cause, condition or antecedent | |Moving away, leaving state; motive, cause, condition or antecedent | ||
|- | |- | ||
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|Moving through, being in a state | |Moving through, being in a state | ||
|} | |} | ||
In particular, when used with Locative, ''-t-'', ''- | In particular, when used with Locative, ''-t-'', ''-x-'' and ''-k-'' have the meaning of "to", "from" and "through", respectively. E.g. ''Du mie hu'''t'''e'' (I go home) vs. ''Du mie hu'''x'''e'' (I am leaving home) vs. ''Du mie nomis'''k'''e'' (I am walking on a path); ''Karmel nexa taoruru de'''t'''e taolono'' (She put the pencil on the desk) vs. ''Karmel haxa taoruru de'''x'''e taolono'' (She took the pencil from the desk), etc. | ||
''- | ''-x-'' and ''-t-'' can also be used with Genitive (e.g. ''huomen duo'' "my husband" vs. ''huomen du'''x'''o'' "my ex-husband") but such usage is more rare. | ||
When used in verbs, ''-t-'', '' - | When used in verbs, ''-t-'', '' -x-'' and ''-k-'' form prospective, perfective and progressive aspects. Used in adverbials, ''-t-'' and ''-x-'' produce adverbs of purpose and adverbs of cause, etc. We will give examples of these in each respective section below. | ||
===Verb=== | ===Verb=== | ||