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Ciètian: Difference between revisions
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|name = {{PAGENAME}} | |name = {{PAGENAME}} | ||
|nativename = a :hAnvyrăv | |nativename = a :hAnvyrăv | ||
|pronunciation= /ə ɣaːħ | |pronunciation= /ə ɣaːħ ˈhanvɨɾəv/ | ||
|region = Talma | |region = Talma | ||
|speakers = 100 million L1 speakers (300 million L2 speakers) | |speakers = 100 million L1 speakers (300 million L2 speakers) | ||
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}} | }} | ||
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' (''y g:ghâħ :hAnvyrăv'' /i ɣaːħ | '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (''y g:ghâħ :hAnvyrăv'' /i ɣaːħ ˈhanvɨɾəv/) is a [[Talmic languages|Talmic language]] (in the subbranch of Tigolic, which also includes [[Eevo]]) somewhat inspired by Irish. On the planet of [[Verse:Tricin|Tricin]] ({{PAGENAME}}: ''y Sămòch'' /i səˈmɔːx/), it is an analogue of German in terms of influence and grammar. {{PAGENAME}} is the official language of the Talman nation [[Verse:Tricin/Anvyr|Anvyr]] and of former colonies in Cualuav and Txapoalli; it is the second-largest Talmic language in terms of number of speakers. Like most modern Talmic languages, {{PAGENAME}} is a descendant of [[Thensarian]]. It is spoken on the northwest coast of the continent of Etalocin (called ''Eħa'' /ˈɛħə/ in {{PAGENAME}}) on the planet of Clotricin. Thanks in large part to the printing press, Modern {{PAGENAME}} rapidly gained prominence over a larger area in Northern Talma and came to serve as a lingua franca for northern mainland Talma. Today, {{PAGENAME}} still enjoys status as a "cultured" language and is one of the most widely taught foreign languages. | ||
This language began as ''Tíogall'', which was a thought experiment posing the question "What would Irish look like with umlaut instead of palatalization?". For a while it developed as an Irish-German hybrid. At one point I decided to remove all "giblangs" from modern Tricin, or languages with the aesthetics of one natlang (unless the premise was funny, like [[Bhadhagha]] or [[Clofabosin]]). Since Tíogall was basically an Irish with German characteristics, it was abandoned. I still decided that Talmic languages needed somewhat more internal diversity (in particular, a "German" analogue to Eevo's "English"), so I decided to revive this project. Since I don't want a German analogue to be so obviously Hiberno-German, this time I'm eschewing obviously German features in the aesthetic such as front rounded vowels, and I'm trying a somewhat Old English and West Slavic (particularly Czech and Sorbian) aesthetic. Also grammar-wise, while keeping a somewhat Celtic grammar (e.g. mutations, head-initial syntax), I'm playing with decidedly non-Celtic grammatical features such as split-ergativity (which was in my original Tíogall), and a singulative-collective-plurative system. | This language began as ''Tíogall'', which was a thought experiment posing the question "What would Irish look like with umlaut instead of palatalization?". For a while it developed as an Irish-German hybrid. At one point I decided to remove all "giblangs" from modern Tricin, or languages with the aesthetics of one natlang (unless the premise was funny, like [[Bhadhagha]] or [[Clofabosin]]). Since Tíogall was basically an Irish with German characteristics, it was abandoned. I still decided that Talmic languages needed somewhat more internal diversity (in particular, a "German" analogue to Eevo's "English"), so I decided to revive this project. Since I don't want a German analogue to be so obviously Hiberno-German, this time I'm eschewing obviously German features in the aesthetic such as front rounded vowels, and I'm trying a somewhat Old English and West Slavic (particularly Czech and Sorbian) aesthetic. Also grammar-wise, while keeping a somewhat Celtic grammar (e.g. mutations, head-initial syntax), I'm playing with decidedly non-Celtic grammatical features such as split-ergativity (which was in my original Tíogall), and a singulative-collective-plurative system. | ||
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!colspan="2"| Liquid | !colspan="2"| Liquid | ||
| | | | ||
| '''r''' / | | '''r''' /ɾ/ || '''ṙ''' /r̝/ || | ||
| || || | | || || | ||
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*/ŋ, k, g/ are usually velar [ŋ, k, g], but are often labialized pharyngealized uvular [qʷ, qʷˁ, ɢʷˁ] next to /ʀ~ʟ/. /kʟ/ becomes an affricate or a trilled affricate [qχ]. | */ŋ, k, g/ are usually velar [ŋ, k, g], but are often labialized pharyngealized uvular [qʷ, qʷˁ, ɢʷˁ] next to /ʀ~ʟ/. /kʟ/ becomes an affricate or a trilled affricate [qχ]. | ||
*/ŋ, k, g, x, ɣ/ are prevelar before front vowels. | */ŋ, k, g, x, ɣ/ are prevelar before front vowels. | ||
*The realization [r] or [ɾ] for / | *The realization [r] or [ɾ] for /ɾ/ is archaic, but is still used in classical singing and drama. | ||
*In dialects and classical singing and drama, '''l''' /w/ is pronounced as [ɫ] and '''ĺ''' is a separate phoneme /lʲ/. | *In dialects and classical singing and drama, '''l''' /w/ is pronounced as [ɫ] and '''ĺ''' is a separate phoneme /lʲ/. | ||
*After a vowel, /ɣ/ colloquially disappears with compensatory lengthening of the vowel if the vowel is short (unless the /ɣ/ begins a stressed syllable.) | *After a vowel, /ɣ/ colloquially disappears with compensatory lengthening of the vowel if the vowel is short (unless the /ɣ/ begins a stressed syllable.) | ||
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|} | |} | ||
/ʉː, ɵː/ retain fully back allophones [uː, oː] before / | /ʉː, ɵː/ retain fully back allophones [uː, oː] before /ɾ/, /w/ and /j/. | ||
As in Czech, '''y, ŷ''' is used as a non-palatalizing variant of '''i, î'''. | As in Czech, '''y, ŷ''' is used as a non-palatalizing variant of '''i, î'''. | ||
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:'''''Ńan găriav lăn d:tarsiad icân c:chăṙî.''''' | :'''''Ńan găriav lăn d:tarsiad icân c:chăṙî.''''' | ||
:[ɲan | :[ɲan ˈgəɾiəv wən daɾˈsiət iˈkaːn xəˈr̝iː] | ||
:PRES.1SG go.VN to-DEF.GEN.SG.N school.GEN.SG every.F day.GEN.SG | :PRES.1SG go.VN to-DEF.GEN.SG.N school.GEN.SG every.F day.GEN.SG | ||
:''I go to school every day.'' | :''I go to school every day.'' | ||