View source for IPA for Bemé

The charts below show the way in which the [[wikipedia:International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)]] represents [[Bemé|Standard Bemé]], [[Bijun]] and [[Columbé]] pronunciations. English approximations are loose in some cases and are only intended to give a general idea of the pronunciation. For more information, see [[w:Help:IPA|Help:IPA]].
{{IPA keys}}
{|
|-
| valign="top" |
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
! colspan=6 | Consonants
|-
! rowspan=2 | Bemé orthography !! colspan=3 | IPA !! rowspan=2 | Examples !! rowspan=2 | English approximation
|-
! [[File:Poccasin.svg|24px]]<br>Bemé !! [[File:Bijun.svg|24px]]<br>Bijun !! [[File:Columban.svg|24px]]<br>Columbé
|-
| rowspan=2 | b || rowspan=2 colspan=2 | {{ipa|b}} || {{ipa|b}} || [[Contionary:bemeh#Bemé|'''b'''emeh]] || '''b'''ow
|-
| {{ipa|β}}<ref name="bdg">Columbé /b, d, g/ are lenited to [[w:Voiced fricative|fricative]] [β, ð, ɣ] or [[w:Approximant|approximant]] [β̞, ð̞, ɣ̞] in intervocalic positions.</ref> || [[Contionary:abo#Bemé|a'''b'''o]] || (''Columbé'') between '''b'''a'''b'''y and be'''v'''y
|-
| ch || {{ipa|tʃ}} || {{ipa|ts}} || {{ipa|tʃ}} || [[Contionary:chena#Bemé|'''ch'''ena]] || '''Ch'''ina
|-
| rowspan=2 | d || rowspan=2 colspan=2 | {{ipa|d}} || {{ipa|d}} || [[Contionary:dan#Bemé|'''d'''an]] || '''d'''one
|-
| {{ipa|ð}}<ref name="bdg"></ref> || [[Contionary:ridem|ri'''d'''em]] || '''th'''en
|-
| rowspan=2 | g || rowspan=2 colspan=2 | {{ipa|g}} || {{ipa|g}} || [[Contionary:gud#Bemé|'''g'''ud]] || '''g'''ood
|-
| {{ipa|ɣ}}<ref name="bdg"></ref> || [[Contionary:biginim|bi'''g'''inim]] || (''Columbé'') a'''g'''ain, but without the tongue
touching the soft palate
|-
| rowspan=2 | gr || rowspan=2 | {{ipa|gɹ~dʒɹ}} || {{ipa|kɹ}} || rowspan=2 | {{ipa|gɾ}} || [[Contionary:grinyeh#Bemé|'''gr'''inyeh]] || '''gr'''ill or '''dr'''ink
|-
| {{ipa|kw}}<ref name=bijun-kr>/kr/ is pronounced /kw/ before back vowels /o u/.</ref><ref name=bijun-rw>Bijun /ɹ/ is pronounced /w/ between a consonant and a back vowel (/o u/). This effect most commonly appears in the cluster /kr gr/ (which are both pronounced /kɹ~kw/ in Bijun specifically).</ref> || [[Contionary:grown#Bemé|'''gr'''own]] || (''Bijun'') '''qu'''ay
|-
| rowspan=2 | h || {{ipa|h}}<ref>/h/ is pronounced as /[[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]]/ in word-initial positions.</ref> || {{ipa|ʔ}}<ref>Bijun /h/ is pronounced as a [[w:Glottal stop|glottal stop]] in word-initial positions.</ref>  || rowspan=2 | {{ipa|h}}<ref>Columbé /h/ is always present and pronounced /[[w:Voiceless glottal fricative|h]]/.</ref> || [[Contionary:hampo#Bemé|'''h'''ampo]] || '''h'''am
|-
| {{ipa|ʔ}}<ref>/h/ is pronounced /ʔ/ in word-medial positions.</ref> || ∅<ref>Bijun /h/ is not pronounced in word-medial positions, so words like ''mehan'' [meʔan] become [mian].</ref> || {{bm|mehan|me'''h'''an}} || uh'''-'''oh
|-
| j || {{ipa|dʒ}} || {{ipa|ʒ}} || {{ipa|dʒ}} || [[Contionary:jamis#Bemé|'''j'''amis]] || '''j'''eans
|-
| k || colspan=3 | {{ipa|k}} || [[Contionary:kaneh|'''k'''aneh]] || '''k'''ing
|-
| rowspan=2 | kr || rowspan=2 | {{ipa|tɹ̥~kɹ̥~tʃɹ̥}}<ref>The distinction between /kr tr tʃr/, as well as between /gr dʒr/, has been historically neutralised, leading to a varying pronunciation:
* ⟨kr⟩ may be heard as /tɹ̥ kɹ̥ tʃɹ̥/; 
* In the most [[w:Basilect|basilectal]](''Kriyal'') varieties, the stop may be simply [[w:Aspirated consonant|strongly aspirated]], leaving /tʰː kʰː tʃʰː/;
* The realisation may be aspirated [[w:Retroflex consonant|retroflex]] /ʈʰ/, and similarly [[w:Voiceless retroflex affricate|affricated]] to /ʈʂ ʈʂʰ/.
The pronunciation of ⟨gr⟩ is less variable; there still exists a distinction between /gr~dʒr/ and /dr/, though /dr/ is extremely rare and only exists in certain words, such as '''''gr'''ag'' "stop (v.)" and '''''dr'''ag'' "drag queen".</ref>|| {{ipa|kɹ}} || rowspan=2 | {{ipa|kɾ}} || [[Contionary:kriyal|'''kr'''iyal]] || '''kr'''ill or '''tr'''ee
|-
| {{ipa|kw}}<ref name=bijun-kr></ref><ref name=bijun-rw></ref> || [[Contionary:krom|'''kr'''om]] || (''Bijun'') '''qu'''ay
|-
| rowspan=2 | l || rowspan=2 | {{ipa|l}} || rowspan=2 | {{ipa|ɫ}} || {{ipa|l}} || [[Contionary:kolo#Bemé|ko'''l'''o]] || '''l'''id
|-
| {{ipa|ʎ}}<ref>Columbé /l/ is only pronounced /ʎ/ when syllabic.</ref> || [[Contionary:Beybl|Beyb'''l''']] || (''Columbé'') mi'''lli'''on
|-
| m || colspan=3 | {{ipa|m}} || [[Contionary:ameh#Bemé|a'''m'''eh]] || '''m'''other
|-
| rowspan=2 | n || colspan=2 rowspan=2 | {{ipa|n}}<ref>/n/ may be variably pronounced /m ŋ ɲ/ before certain consonants; see [[Bemé#Nasal assimilation]] for more.</ref> || {{ipa|n}} || [[Contionary:chena|che'''n'''a]] || '''n'''ice
|-
| {{ipa|ɲ}}<ref>Columbé /n/ is [[w:Palatalization|palatalised]] before /i/ (but not /iː/, which is an allophone of the diphthong /ei̯/).</ref> || [[Contionary:dampini#Bemé|dampi'''n'''i]] || (''Columbé'') ca'''ny'''on
|-
| ng || colspan=3 | {{ipa|ŋ}} || [[Contionary:kring#Bemé|kri'''ng''']] || swimmi'''ng'''
|-
| rowspan=2 | ny || colspan=2 rowspan=2 | {{ipa|ɲ}} || {{ipa|ɲ}} || [[Contionary:snyek|s'''ny'''ek]] || ca'''ny'''on
|-
| {{ipa|j̃}}<ref>Columbé /ɲ/ is pronounced as /j̃/ in intervocalic positions.</ref> || [[Contionary:grinyeh#Bemé|gri'''ny'''eh]] || (''Columbé'') [[w:Polish language|Polish]] [[w:Gdańsk|Gda'''ń'''sk]]
|-
| p || colspan=3 | {{ipa|p}} || [[Contionary:dampini#Bemé|dam'''p'''ini]] || s'''p'''in
|-
| rowspan=2 | r || rowspan=2 | {{ipa|ɹ}} || {{ipa|ɹ}} || rowspan=2 | {{ipa|ɾ}} || [[Contionary:ridem|'''r'''idem]] || '''rh'''ythm
|-
| {{ipa|w}}<ref name=bijun-rw></ref>  || [[Contionary:krom|k'''r'''om]] || (''Bijun'') '''w'''ing
|-
| s || colspan=3 | {{ipa|s}} ||  [[Contionary:sebis|'''s'''ebi'''s''']] || '''s'''ervi'''c'''e
|-
| sh || colspan=3 | {{ipa|ʃ}} ||  [[Contionary:shik|'''sh'''ik]] || '''sh'''ine
|-
| t || colspan=3 | {{ipa|t}} || [[Contionary:titrink|'''t'''itrink]] || '''t'''ea
|-
| w || colspan=3 | {{ipa|w}} || [[Contionary:wan#Bemé|'''w'''an]] || '''w'''ant
|-
| y || colspan=3 | {{ipa|j}} || [[Contionary:yu#Bemé|'''y'''u]] || '''y'''ou
|}
| valign="top" |
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
! colspan=6 | Vowels
|-
! rowspan=2 | Bemé orthography !! colspan=3 | IPA !! rowspan=2 | Examples !! rowspan=2 | English approximation
|-
! [[File:Poccasin.svg|24px]]<br>Bemé !! [[File:Bijun.svg|24px]]<br>Bijun !! [[File:Columban.svg|24px]]<br>Columbé
|-
| a || colspan=3 | {{ipa|a}} || [[Contionary:jamis#Bemé|j'''a'''mis]] || tr'''a'''p
|-
| e || {{ipa|e}} || {{ipa|i}} || rowspan=2 | {{ipa|e}}<ref>Columbé incorporates a complete lack of ''[[Bemé#Leleh|leleh]]''; /ɛ/ is always pronounced /e/.</ref> || [[Contionary:bemeh#Bemé|b'''e'''meh]] || m'''a'''y
|-
| eh || colspan=2 | {{ipa|ɛ}} || [[Contionary:bemeh#Bemé|bem'''eh''']] || b'''e'''d
|-
| i || colspan=3 | {{ipa|i}} || [[Contionary:bi#Bemé|b'''i''']] || '''ea'''t
|-
| rowspan=3 | o || rowspan=3 | {{ipa|o}} || {{ipa|ɔ}}<ref>Bijun /o/ is pronounced /ɔ/ in word-initial syllables.</ref> || rowspan=3 | {{ipa|o}} || [[Contionary:kolo#Bemé|k'''o'''lo]] || y'''aw'''n<br>(''Bijun'') '''o'''ff
|-
| {{ipa|o}} || {{bm|komonis|kom'''o'''nis}} || y'''aw'''n
|-
| {{ipa|u}}<ref>Bijun /o/ is pronounced /u/ in word-final positions.</ref> || [[Contionary:kolo#Bemé|kol'''o''']] || (''Bijun'') h'''oo'''k
|-
| u || {{ipa|u}} || {{ipa|ʊ}} || {{ipa|ʌ}} || [[Contionary:yu#Bemé|y'''u''']] || h'''oo'''k
|}
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
! colspan=6 | Diphthongs
|-
! rowspan=2 | Bemé orthography !! colspan=3 | IPA !! rowspan=2 | Examples !! rowspan=2 | English approximation
|-
! [[File:Poccasin.svg|24px]]<br>Bemé !! [[File:Bijun.svg|24px]]<br>Bijun !! [[File:Columban.svg|24px]]<br>Columbé<ref>The pronunciation of diphthongs /ei̯ oi̯ ou̯/ in Columbé has great variations; this table only shows the most common pronunciation. For more information, see [[Columbé#Phonology|Columbé § Phonology]].</ref>
|-
| ey || {{ipa|ei̯}} || colspan=2 | {{ipa|eː}} || [[Contionary:skey#Bemé|sk'''ey''']] || m'''ay'''
|-
| oi || {{ipa|oi̯}} || {{ipa|ui̯}} || {{ipa|oː}} || [[Contionary:woiwoi|w'''oi'''w'''oi''']] || j'''oy'''
|-
| rowspan=2 | ow || rowspan=2 colspan=2 | {{ipa|ou̯}} || {{ipa|uː}} || rowspan=2 | [[Contionary:grown#Bemé|gr'''ow'''n]] || b'''ow''',<br>(''Columbé'') b'''oo'''t (''[[w:Vowel length|long]]'')
|-
| {{ipa|u}}<ref>Columbé /ou̯/ is often pronounced as a short /u/ in closed syllables.</ref> || (''Columbé'') b'''oo'''t (''[[w:Vowel length|short]]'')
|}
|}

[[Category:Bemé]]