IPA for Bemé

The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Standard Bemé, Bijun and Columbé pronunciations. English approximations are loose in some cases and are only intended to give a general idea of the pronunciation. For more information, see Help:IPA.

IPA Keys
Aelatha
Attian
Avendonian
Ayeri
Azimasi
Bemé
Biscayan
Brittainese
Central Isles Creole
Cet
Cha
Cruckeny
Enventian
Etlish
Etzeá
Evonish
Favlona
Guimin
Gwaxol
Hantza
Hemaluan
High Valyrian
Hraayan
Iaskyon
Izhkut
Jukpë
Kaikiwan
Keeltyewarem
Kihā́mmic
Kilīmos-sāîl
Knrawi
Koṭärt
Kunarek
Ludovian
Luthic
Logun
Lôppic
Maryan Coptic
Messinese
Mihousapeja
Millennish
Moshurian
Modern Coptic
Nawuhu
Old Yaraji
Oltic
Owaex
Pokht
Pomorian
Ponish
Qafesona
Qut
Rangyayo
Rulhilli
Sinatolean
Soc'ul'
Sudyrnish
Umbrean
Vairish

Consonants
Bemé orthography	IPA			Examples	English approximation
Bemé orthography	Bemé	Bijun	Columbé	Examples	English approximation
b	b		b	bemeh	bow
b	b		β^[1]	abo	(Columbé) between baby and bevy
ch	tʃ	ts	tʃ	chena	China
d	d		d	dan	done
d	d		ð^[1]	ridem	then
g	g		g	gud	good
g	g		ɣ^[1]	biginim	(Columbé) again, but without the tongue touching the soft palate
gr	gɹ~dʒɹ	kɹ	gɾ	grinyeh	grill or drink
gr	gɹ~dʒɹ	kw^[2]^[3]	gɾ	grown	(Bijun) quay
h	h^[4]	ʔ^[5]	h^[6]	hampo	ham
h	ʔ^[7]	∅^[8]	h^[6]	mehan	uh-oh
j	dʒ	ʒ	dʒ	jamis	jeans
k	k			kaneh	king
kr	tɹ̥~kɹ̥~tʃɹ̥^[9]	kɹ	kɾ	kriyal	krill or tree
kr	tɹ̥~kɹ̥~tʃɹ̥^[9]	kw^[2]^[3]	kɾ	krom	(Bijun) quay
l	l	ɫ	l	kolo	lid
l	l	ɫ	ʎ^[10]	Beybl	(Columbé) million
m	m			ameh	mother
n	n^[11]		n	chena	nice
n	n^[11]		ɲ^[12]	dampini	(Columbé) canyon
ng	ŋ			kring	swimming
ny	ɲ		ɲ	snyek	canyon
ny	ɲ		j̃^[13]	grinyeh	(Columbé) Polish Gdańsk
p	p			dampini	spin
r	ɹ	ɹ	ɾ	ridem	rhythm
r	ɹ	w^[3]	ɾ	krom	(Bijun) wing
s	s			sebis	service
sh	ʃ			shik	shine
t	t			titrink	tea
w	w			wan	want
y	j			yu	you

Vowels
Bemé orthography	IPA			Examples	English approximation
Bemé orthography	Bemé	Bijun	Columbé	Examples	English approximation
a	a			jamis	trap
e	e	i	e^[14]	bemeh	may
eh	ɛ		e^[14]	bemeh	bed
i	i			bi	eat
o	o	ɔ^[15]	o	kolo	yawn (Bijun) off
		o		komonis	yawn
		u^[16]		kolo	(Bijun) hook
u	u	ʊ	ʌ	yu	hook

Diphthongs
Bemé orthography	IPA			Examples	English approximation
Bemé orthography	Bemé	Bijun	Columbé^[17]	Examples	English approximation
ey	ei̯	eː		skey	may
oi	oi̯	ui̯	oː	woiwoi	joy
ow	ou̯		uː	grown	bow, (Columbé) boot (long)
ow	ou̯		u^[18]	grown	(Columbé) boot (short)

^ ^a ^b ^c Columbé /b, d, g/ are lenited to fricative [β, ð, ɣ] or approximant [β̞, ð̞, ɣ̞] in intervocalic positions.
^ ^a ^b /kr/ is pronounced /kw/ before back vowels /o u/.
^ ^a ^b ^c Bijun /ɹ/ is pronounced /w/ between a consonant and a back vowel (/o u/). This effect most commonly appears in the cluster /kr gr/ (which are both pronounced /kɹ~kw/ in Bijun specifically).
^ /h/ is pronounced as /h/ in word-initial positions.
^ Bijun /h/ is pronounced as a glottal stop in word-initial positions.
^ Columbé /h/ is always present and pronounced /h/.
^ /h/ is pronounced /ʔ/ in word-medial positions.
^ Bijun /h/ is not pronounced in word-medial positions, so words like mehan [meʔan] become [mian].
^
The distinction between /kr tr tʃr/, as well as between /gr dʒr/, has been historically neutralised, leading to a varying pronunciation:
- ⟨kr⟩ may be heard as /tɹ̥ kɹ̥ tʃɹ̥/;
- In the most basilectal(Kriyal) varieties, the stop may be simply strongly aspirated, leaving /tʰː kʰː tʃʰː/;
- The realisation may be aspirated retroflex /ʈʰ/, and similarly affricated to /ʈʂ ʈʂʰ/.
The pronunciation of ⟨gr⟩ is less variable; there still exists a distinction between /gr~dʒr/ and /dr/, though /dr/ is extremely rare and only exists in certain words, such as grag "stop (v.)" and drag "drag queen".
^ Columbé /l/ is only pronounced /ʎ/ when syllabic.
^ /n/ may be variably pronounced /m ŋ ɲ/ before certain consonants; see Bemé#Nasal assimilation for more.
^ Columbé /n/ is palatalised before /i/ (but not /iː/, which is an allophone of the diphthong /ei̯/).
^ Columbé /ɲ/ is pronounced as /j̃/ in intervocalic positions.
^ Columbé incorporates a complete lack of leleh; /ɛ/ is always pronounced /e/.
^ Bijun /o/ is pronounced /ɔ/ in word-initial syllables.
^ Bijun /o/ is pronounced /u/ in word-final positions.
^ The pronunciation of diphthongs /ei̯ oi̯ ou̯/ in Columbé has great variations; this table only shows the most common pronunciation. For more information, see Columbé § Phonology.
^ Columbé /ou̯/ is often pronounced as a short /u/ in closed syllables.

[bdg-1] Columbé /b, d, g/ are lenited to fricative [β, ð, ɣ] or approximant [β̞, ð̞, ɣ̞] in intervocalic positions.

[bijun-kr-2] /kr/ is pronounced /kw/ before back vowels /o u/.

[bijun-rw-3] Bijun /ɹ/ is pronounced /w/ between a consonant and a back vowel (/o u/). This effect most commonly appears in the cluster /kr gr/ (which are both pronounced /kɹ~kw/ in Bijun specifically).

[4] /h/ is pronounced as /h/ in word-initial positions.

[5] Bijun /h/ is pronounced as a glottal stop in word-initial positions.

[6] Columbé /h/ is always present and pronounced /h/.

[7] /h/ is pronounced /ʔ/ in word-medial positions.

[8] Bijun /h/ is not pronounced in word-medial positions, so words like mehan [meʔan] become [mian].

[9] The distinction between /kr tr tʃr/, as well as between /gr dʒr/, has been historically neutralised, leading to a varying pronunciation:
⟨kr⟩ may be heard as /tɹ̥ kɹ̥ tʃɹ̥/;

In the most basilectal(Kriyal) varieties, the stop may be simply strongly aspirated, leaving /tʰː kʰː tʃʰː/;

The realisation may be aspirated retroflex /ʈʰ/, and similarly affricated to /ʈʂ ʈʂʰ/.
The pronunciation of ⟨gr⟩ is less variable; there still exists a distinction between /gr~dʒr/ and /dr/, though /dr/ is extremely rare and only exists in certain words, such as grag "stop (v.)" and drag "drag queen".

[10] ⟨kr⟩ may be heard as /tɹ̥ kɹ̥ tʃɹ̥/;

[11] In the most basilectal(Kriyal) varieties, the stop may be simply strongly aspirated, leaving /tʰː kʰː tʃʰː/;

[12] The realisation may be aspirated retroflex /ʈʰ/, and similarly affricated to /ʈʂ ʈʂʰ/.

[10] Columbé /l/ is only pronounced /ʎ/ when syllabic.

[11] /n/ may be variably pronounced /m ŋ ɲ/ before certain consonants; see Bemé#Nasal assimilation for more.

[12] Columbé /n/ is palatalised before /i/ (but not /iː/, which is an allophone of the diphthong /ei̯/).

[13] Columbé /ɲ/ is pronounced as /j̃/ in intervocalic positions.

[14] Columbé incorporates a complete lack of leleh; /ɛ/ is always pronounced /e/.

[15] Bijun /o/ is pronounced /ɔ/ in word-initial syllables.

[16] Bijun /o/ is pronounced /u/ in word-final positions.

[17] The pronunciation of diphthongs /ei̯ oi̯ ou̯/ in Columbé has great variations; this table only shows the most common pronunciation. For more information, see Columbé § Phonology.

[18] Columbé /ou̯/ is often pronounced as a short /u/ in closed syllables.

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