Germian

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Germian
Germic
Germian Flag.png
The Germian flag is inspired by the Dutch, German, British and Swedish flags. The crossing represents the intertwining of languages.
Pronunciation[germiʃ]
Created byJeppesper
Date2022
SettingGermanic languages
Native toAnyone
Indo-European
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.


Germian (Germic IPA: /germiʃ/) is a conlang created by Jeppesper beginning in 2022, germ stands for it being based of off Germanic languages. It could be thought of as a conditioned language since it is constructed to be regular, simple, recognizable and to lack grammatical gender and gender differentiation of nouns/pronouns. The conlang is mainly based on English, German, Dutch and Swedish, but it has to smaller extends also been influenced by Afrikaans, Danish, Norwegian, Yiddish, West-frisian, Luxembourgish and Icelandic.

Qualities

Alignment Neutral alignment
Type Analytical
Tonal No
Genders None
Nouns decline according to Case

Number

Definiteness

Verbs conjugate according to Tense

Aspect

Adjectives decline according to Comparision
100% Phonetic alphabet
100% Consistent noun & adjective declensions
100% Consistent verb conjugations
0% Noun/Pronoun gender differentiation
+ Swadesh inclusive
+ GSRD inclusive

Phonology

Consonants

Bilabial Labio-dental Alveolar Post-alveolar Palatal Velar Labio-velar Glottal
Nasal m n ŋ
Plosive p b t d k g
Fricative f v s z ʃ h
Approximant j w
Trill r
Lateral app. l
Clusters ks kw

Vowels

Front Near-front Central Near-back Back
High
Near-high ɪ ʏ ʊ
High-mid
Mid
Low-mid ɛ ɔ
Near-low
Low a ɑː
Diphthongs ɛ͡ɪ a͡ɪ a͡ʊ ɔ͡ɪ ɔ͡ʊ

Orthography

Alphabet

Letter Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
Sound /a/ /b/ /ʃ/ /d/ /ɛ/ /f/ /g/ /h/ /ɪ/ /j/ /k/ /l/ /m/ /n/ /ɔ/ /p/ /kw/ /r/ /s/ /t/ /ʊ/ /v/ /w/ /ks/ /ʏ/ /z/
Name /a/ /beː/ /ʃeː/ /deː/ /ɛ/ /ɛf/ /geː/ /hoː/ /ɪ/ /jɛɪ/ /kɛɪ/ /ɛl/ /ɛm/ /ɛn/ /ɔ/ /peː/ /kwuː/ /ɛr/ /ɛs/ /teː/ /ʊ/ /vɛɪ/ /wʏn/ /ɛks/ /ʏ/ /zɛt/

Digraphs & Diphthongs

Digraphs & Diphthongs Aa aa Ee ee Ii ii Oo oo Uu uu Yy yy Ng ng Ai ai Ei ei Oi oi Au au Ou ou
Sound /ɑː/ /eː/ /iː/ /oː/ /uː/ /yː/ /ŋ/ /a͡ɪ/ /ɛ͡ɪ/ /ɔ͡ɪ/ /a͡ʊ/ /ɔ͡ʊ/
Name lang a lang e lang i lang o lang u lang y /ɛŋ/ /a͡ɪ/ /ɛ͡ɪ/ /ɔ͡ɪ/ /a͡ʊ/ /ɔ͡ʊ/

Translitteration of foreign letters/sounds

Foreign letters Ðð Þþ Åå Ææ Ää Öö Øø Üü ẞß
Foreign sounds /ð/ /θ/ /o/ /æ/ /œ/ /ø/ /ɵ/ /ʉ/ /s/
Germian translitteration dh th ao ae oe ue ss

Phonotactics

  • Note: These phonotactics may vary for loan words and words with foreign letter/sound translitterations.

1. There are no silent letters.

2. There is no phonemic reduced vowel sound like English's /ə/.

3. Multiple consonants, vowels and diphthong combinations interact as follows:

Double consonants (that aren't part of a digraph) are pronounced with a syllable break:

Example: bb = /b.b/


Vowels following each other that are not part of a vowel digraph/diphthong pair are not pronounced with a syllable break inbetween them:

Example: ia = /ɪa/

Example: iea = /ɪɛa/

Example: aioe = /a͡ɪ.ɔɛ/


The first 2 vowels that are viable as a vowel digraph/diphthong pair are the ones that will be pronounced as such:

Example: aii = /a͡ɪ.ɪ/

Example: eei = /eː.ɪ/

Not like: aii = /a.iː/

Not like: eei = /ɛ.ɛ͡ɪ/


Vowel digraph/diphthong pairs and single vowels that directly preceeds/follows a vowel digraph/diphthong pair are pronounced with a syllable break inbetween them:

Example: aaeiou = /ɑː.ɛ͡ɪ.ɔ͡ʊ/

Example: eaa = /ɛ.ɑː/

Example: aio = /a͡ɪ.ɔ/

Example: aaa = /ɑː.a/

Grammar

Syntax

Germian syntax follows a SVO (subject–verb–object) word order.

Descriptive examples:

Example: Jaik1 hav2 ain3 kat4. ⇄ I1 have2 a3 cat4.

Example: Jaik1 siien4 nite3 et5. ⇄ I1 do2 not3 see4 it5.

Example: Ain1 roud2 rous3. ⇄ A1 red2 rose3.

Example: Vat1 wilte4 duu3 dun5 6? ⇄ What1 do2 you3 want4 to5 do6?

Example: Vii1 brauke2 gouen3 in4 de5 morgen6. ⇄ We1 usually2 walk3 in4 the5 morning6.

Example: Siien4 du2 et5 nite3? ⇄ Do1 you (s.)2 not3 see4 it5?

Noun declenations

Case articles and number

Example Singular Plural
Nominative-Definite de kat de kates
Nominative-Indefinite ain kat (vleere) kates
Possessive-Definite de katese de kateses
Possessive-Indefinite ain katese (vleere) kateses
Vocabulary

ain ⇄ a, an (singular indefinite article)

de ⇄ the (definite article)

kat ⇄ cat

vleere ⇄ several (plural indefinite "article")

Noun affixes

-er ⇄ (making-subject e.g. English's employer)

-iie ⇄ (making-object e.g. English's employee)

-ing ⇄ (state/condition e.g. English's childhood)

Verb conjugations

Infinitive/Imperative:

sainen ⇄ to be

Simple Progressive Perfect Imperfect
Present sain ⇄ am/is/are saine ⇄ being hasainen ⇄ have/has been
Past saind ⇄ was/were sainde ⇄ was/were being hadsainen ⇄ had been
Future vil sain ⇄ will be vil saine ⇄ will become vil hasainen ⇄ will have been
Conditional skalde hasainen ⇄ would have been skalde sain ⇄ would be
Infinitive/Imperative:

dunen ⇄ to do

Simple Progressive Perfect Imperfect
Present dun ⇄ do dune ⇄ doing hadunen ⇄ have/has done
Past dund ⇄ did dunde ⇄ was/were doing haddunen ⇄ had done
Future vil dun ⇄ will do vil dune ⇄ will be doing vil hadunen ⇄ will have done
Conditional skalde hadunen ⇄ would have done skalde dun ⇄ would do
Infinitive/Imperative:

haven ⇄ to have

Simple Progressive Perfect Imperfect
Present hav ⇄ have have ⇄ having hahaven ⇄ have/has had
Past havd ⇄ had havde ⇄ was/were having hadhaven ⇄ had had
Future vil hav ⇄ will have vil have ⇄ will be having vil hahaven ⇄ will have had
Conditional skalde hahaven ⇄ would have had skalde hav ⇄ would have
Modal auxiliary verbs
berhauce ⇄ need
brauke ⇄ brukar, usually do
burt ⇄ ought
durfo ⇄ may, to be permitted to, to be allowed to, dürf, 
kan ⇄ can, to be able
kaunde ⇄ could
moug ⇄ might
must ⇄ must
skal ⇄ shall
skalde ⇄ would
taure ⇄ dare
vil ⇄ will, going to
wilte ⇄ want
Verb affixes

-en ⇄ (making-verb)

Example (Making-verb) Progressive Example phrase Example phrase
vit ⇄ white viten ⇄ whiten vite ⇄ whitening viten de tands ⇄ whiten the teeth de vite faun de tands ⇄ the whitening of the teeth

rii- ⇄ (repeat)

un- ⇄ (deprive)

ike-- ⇄ (negate)

Example (repeat) (deprive) (negate)
vit ⇄ white riiviten ⇄ rewhiten unviten ⇄ unwhiten ike-vit ⇄ non-white

Adjective comparison

-er ⇄ (comparative)

-est ⇄ (superlative)

Example Positive/Negative Comparative Superlative
Adjective groos grooser groosest

Example: Et sain groos. ⇄ It is big.

Example: Et sain grooser dan dat. ⇄ It is larger than that.

Example: Et sain (de) groosest. ⇄ It is the largest.

Example: Et sain klain. ⇄ It is small.

Example: Et sain klainer dan dat. ⇄ It is smaller than that.

Example: Et sain (de) klainest. ⇄ It is the smallest.

Example: Et sain fiiler dan dat. ⇄ It is more than that.

Example: Et sain klimer dan dat. ⇄ It is less than that.

Example: Jaik wilte meer. ⇄ I want (even) more.

Example: Jaik wilte haven vleere. ⇄ I want to have several ones.

Vocabulary

dan ⇄ than

dat ⇄ that

de ⇄ the

et ⇄ it

fiil ⇄ many, much, a lot

groos ⇄ big

hav ⇄ have

jaik ⇄ I

klain ⇄ small

klim ⇄ little meer ⇄ even more, additional

sain ⇄ am/is/are

vleere ⇄ several

wilte ⇄ want

Adjective affix

-ic ⇄ (making-adjective)/(having qualities of)

Example gold ⇄ gold hund ⇄ dog
-ic goldic hundic

Personal pronouns

Personal pronouns Nominative Possesive Reflexive
1st person jaik ⇄ I

vii ⇄ we

jaikse ⇄ my/mine

viise ⇄ our/ours

jaikself ⇄ myself

viiselfs ⇄ ourselves

2nd person duu ⇄ you (s.)

juu ⇄ you (pl.)

duuse ⇄ your/yours (s.)

juuse ⇄ you/yours (pl.)

duuself ⇄ yourself (s.)

juuselfs ⇄ yourselves (pl.)

3rd person xiin ⇄ they/this one (s. proximate./former. standard)

diin ⇄ they/that one (s. obviative./post-former.)

et ⇄ it

dei ⇄ they (pl.)

xiinse ⇄ theirs (s.)

diinse ⇄ theirs (s.)

etse ⇄ its

deise ⇄ theirs (pl.)

xiinself ⇄ themself (s.)

diinself ⇄ themself (s.)

etself ⇄ itself

deiselfs ⇄ themselves (pl.)

4th person eim ⇄ one eimse ⇄ one's eimself ⇄ oneself

Numerals

1. Ordinal numbers are marked by adding the suffix "-ce" to a number.

2. Spaces are used to group digits in numerals e.g. 20 000.

3. Fractions are marked by adding the suffix "-deil" (deil ⇄ part, piece) to a number (exeption for "helft ⇄ half").

4. The comma is used as the decimal separator.

Capitalization

Capital letters are used for the first word of a sentence and for proper nouns.

The proper nouns in Germian are exclusively: personal names, place names, marketed titles and organization names.

Punctuation

Apostrophe

The apostrophe ( ’, ' ), is used to mark letters omitted in contractions.


Brackets

Brackets ( [...], (...), {...}, ⟨...⟩ ), are used for parenthesis, explanation or comment.

Question marks, exclamation points, semicolons, colons, periods and commas are placed inside the brackets when they apply only to the explanation or comment; if they syntactically apply to the sentence containing the material, they are placed outside the marks.


Colon

The colon ( : ) is used to start an enumeration and it is used between two clauses when the second clause otherwise clarifies the first.


Comma

The comma ( , ) is used to disambiguate the meaning of sentences, by providing boundaries between clauses and phrases.

The comma is also used as the decimal separator.


Dash and hyphen

The dash ( –, — ) is used:

1. as a replacement for a comma, when the subsequent clause significantly shifts the primary focus of the preceding text.

2. to indicate spans or differentiation, where it may replace "and", "to", or "through" e.g. numbers "1–10", and cross countries "US–Canada".

3. to mark someone speaking.

4. to mark the one who said something.


The hyphen/hyphen-minus ( ‐ ) is used:

1. as a line continuation when a word is broken across two lines.

2. to apply a prefix to a word for which there is no canonical compound word;


Ellipsis

An ellipsis ( ..., …, . . .) is used to mark omitted text or when a sentence trails off.


Exclamation mark

The exclamation mark ( ! ) is used to mark an exclamation.


Period/full stop/full point

The character known as the period/full stop/full point ( . ) serves multiple purposes. It is used to mark the end of a sentence, to indicate abbreviation, including of names as initials, as well as a separation marker when listing things with numbers e.g. "1. 2. 3.".


Question marks

The question mark ( ? ) is used to mark the end of a sentence which is a question.


Quotation marks

Quotation marks ( ‘...’, “...”, '...', "..." ) are used in pairs to set off quotation, with two levels for distinguishing nested quotations: single and double. Germian texts favours double quotation marks for the primary quotation.

Question marks, exclamation points, semicolons, colons, periods and commas are placed inside the quotation marks when they apply only to the quoted material; if they syntactically apply to the sentence containing or introducing the material, they are placed outside the marks.


Semicolon

The semicolon ( ; ) is used to separate two independent but related clauses. The semicolon is also used to separate list items when the list items contain commas.


Slash

The slash ( / ) is often used to indicate alternatives or two equivalent meanings or spellings. The slash can also be used in certain set phrases.

Abbreviations

Acronyms (initials for a phrase) and abbreviations are used in written Germian. They can be written in all caps, lowercase, title form and with periods.

Word creation

A word in Germian is created by looking at the equivalent words for it in English, German, Dutch and Swedish to then find the most prominant phonological features within these equivalent words. Then these features are used to create a word in accordance to germian phonology and orthography. Sometimes it is clear that these languages' equivalent words are very much the same and can be translated very phonologically e.g. through cat /kæt/ in English, Katze /katzɛ / in German, kat /kat/ in Dutch and katt /kat/ in Swedish, it becomes kat /kat/ in Germian. Sometimes there are more significant differences between words of the Germanic languages, but if they work well together they can just be merged together. When there are bigger differences between words of the four Germanic languages that can't be merged, then one can look at the word in other Germanic languages to even it out.

When words in the Germanic languages have differences that don't interact well, or when one just has an idea of an interesting sounding variation of the word that fits, then creative liberty can be pursued.

Sometimes there are many words for the same thing in a language, and for diversity's sake, many of them can have a Germian equivalent e.g. "cau" and "halo" from German's "ciao" and "hallo", "dae" from Dutch's "dag", "hei" from Swedish's "hej", "guutein" from English's "have a good one", and then Germian's exclusive "hae".

Sometimes there are strong similarities for a word within two of the four Germanic languages and between the other two Germanic languages but not between all four. Then both pairs get a Germian equivalent but with slightly different meanings e.g. German's "farb" with Swedish's "färg" made the Germian word "farb" (paint), and English's "color" with Dutch's "kleur" made the Germian word "kolur" (color).

Compound words

When creating a Germian compound word one ought to look at each of the 4 Germanic languages' equivalent words to decide how it will be formed. There are 3 types of compound words in Germian:


Closed compound words

Example: apel + juus = apeljuus ⇄ applejuice

Example: hamburger + brout = hamburgerbrout ⇄ hamburger bun, hamburger bread


Open compound words

Many open compound words function as nouns and are formed by combining a noun with another noun or with an adjective.

Example: video speil ⇄ video game

Example: ful moon ⇄ full moon


Hyphenated compound words

Hyphens are often used when a compound modifies a noun or verb.

Example: CD + - + caifa = CD-caifa ⇄ CD-disc

Example: maind + - + blasperen = maind-blasperen ⇄ mind-blowing

Loan words

Words from any other language that is getting a Germian equivalent will have to adapt the word to Germian phonology and orthography:

Example: déjà vu ⇄ deica vue


Words in the four Germanic languages of which the conlang is based on (English, German, Dutch and Swedish) that are loan words will be treated as any other word:

Example: sushi ⇄ suci

Example: motto ⇄ moto

Example: niche ⇄ niic


Sometimes Germian will loan words directly from one of the four Germanic languages.

Example: Wi-Fi ⇄ Wi-Fi

Example: internet ⇄ internet

Countries & languages

The word creation for country/region and language names should be done through adapting the most standard and prominent endonymic name phonologically for the country/region or language to Germian phonology and orthography e.g. Sverige /svɛrjɛ/ (Sweden) ⇄ Sverje. For languages the suffix "-ic" is added e.g. svenska /svɛnska/ (Swedish) ⇄ svenskaic

Words that are added to indicate specifics like "North" America, "South" America, "West" Frisian and names alike are to be translated to Germian and then added to the country/region or language name accordingly and as a closed compound word e.g. Nordamerika, Saudamerika, Vestfriskic.

Dictionary

Phrases

Jaik heiten... ⇄ My name is... jaik ⇄ I heiten ⇄ to be named, heiße, heet, heter
Vat sain duuse name? ⇄ What is your name? name ⇄ name Spraten duu... ⇄ Do you speak...
Jaik spraten nite... ⇄ I don't speak... Jaik verctond nite. ⇄ I don't understand. Veir sain de toilet? ⇄ Where is the toilet?
Vur sain duu?/Vur sain et? ⇄ How are you?/How is it? How is it going? Sain duu okee/ok? ⇄ Are you okay? Sain et okee/ok? ⇄ Is it going okay?
okee/ok ⇄ okay/ok jaa ⇄ yes nei ⇄ no
njei ⇄ (yes/no)/well jee ⇄ yeah naa ⇄ nah
maince ⇄ maybe natuuric ⇄ of course kain problem ⇄ no problem
antswer ⇄ answer genau, exakt, presiic, korekt, ret ⇄ exactly, precisely, correct, right inkorekt, falc ⇄ incorrect, false/wrong
tangke ⇄ thanks tangke duu/juu (s./pl.) ⇄ thank you fiil tangke ⇄ thank you very much
stop! ⇄ stop! help ⇄ help akta! ⇄ look out!
sori ⇄ sorry sploristop ⇄ sorry, but please lets stop/end this pardon ⇄ excuse me
spliise ⇄ please ckol ⇄ cheers grelsing ⇄ greeting
haloo ⇄ hello hae ⇄ hi hei ⇄ hey
dae ⇄ good day/bye/dag guutein ⇄ have a good one/goodbye cau ⇄ bye
adjoo ⇄ adieu ferwel ⇄ farewell sees vii ⇄ see us: see you/see you later
wilkom ⇄ welcome/you're welcome moost wilkom ⇄ most welcome/you are most welcome guut morgen ⇄ good morning
guut daag ⇄ good day guut naftermiddaag ⇄ good afternoon guut aufend ⇄ good evening
guut nact ⇄ good night jaik eliibe duu ⇄ I love you Vur fiil sain dit? ⇄ How much is this?

Swadesh+

  1. I ⇄ jaik
  2. we ⇄ vii
  3. you (singular) ⇄ duu
  4. you (plural) ⇄ juu
  5. they (singular proximate) ⇄ xiin
  6. they (singular obviative) ⇄ diin
  7. it ⇄ et
  8. they (plural) ⇄ dei
  9. this ⇄ dit
  10. that ⇄ dat
  11. here ⇄ heir
  12. there ⇄ daar
  13. who ⇄ viim
  14. whose ⇄ viis
  15. what ⇄ vat
  16. why ⇄ vatfuur
  17. which ⇄ velke
  18. where ⇄ veir
  19. when ⇄ van
  20. how ⇄ vur
  21. what kind of, what something's like ⇄ vurvat
  22. not ⇄ nite
  23. all ⇄ al
  24. none, no, not any ⇄ kain
  25. many ⇄ fiil
  26. few ⇄ veenig
  27. some ⇄ somige
  28. other ⇄ aader
  29. one ⇄ ein
  30. two ⇄ tvei
  31. three ⇄ drii
  32. four ⇄ fiir
  33. five ⇄ faif
  34. big ⇄ groos
  35. small ⇄ klain
  36. long ⇄ lang
  37. short ⇄ kort
  38. wide ⇄ breid
  39. narrow ⇄ smaal
  40. thick ⇄ dik
  41. thin ⇄ dun
  42. heavy ⇄ cveer
  43. light ⇄ leict
  44. female ⇄ femlin
  45. male ⇄ manske
  46. hermaphrodite ⇄ herm
  47. androgyne ⇄ wenle
  48. gender-neutral ⇄ nukjon (nutrei-kjon)
  49. genderless ⇄ zukjon (zunte-kjon)
  50. cultural gender ⇄ qukjon (qultural-kjon)
  51. inter(-sex/-gender) ⇄ jinen(-sec/-kjon)
  52. endo(-sex/cisgender) ⇄ ine(-sec/-kjon)
  53. trans(-sexual/-gender) ⇄ tverc(-sec/-kjon)
  54. diverse/variating/queer ⇄ veirai
  55. human ⇄ huumas
  56. child, youngling ⇄ kind
  57. child, progeny ⇄ cinder
  58. spouse, martial partner ⇄ jaing
  59. parent ⇄ elter
  60. animal ⇄ diir
  61. fish ⇄ fic
  62. bird ⇄ fogel
  63. dog ⇄ hund
  64. louse ⇄ laus
  65. snake ⇄ clang
  66. worm ⇄ wurm
  67. nature ⇄ natuur
  68. tree ⇄ trai
  69. forest ⇄ skoog
  70. stick ⇄ stape
  71. fruit ⇄ fruut
  72. seed ⇄ saed
  73. leaf ⇄ lauv
  74. root ⇄ wrootcel
  75. bark (of a tree) ⇄ bark
  76. flower ⇄ blom
  77. grass ⇄ grais
  78. rope ⇄ roup
  79. body ⇄ bodi
  80. organ ⇄ organ
  81. skin ⇄ skind
  82. leather ⇄ leder
  83. scale ⇄ sqeil
  84. meat ⇄ flec
  85. blood ⇄ blut
  86. bone ⇄ boun
  87. cartilage ⇄ brosk
  88. fat (noun) ⇄ feit
  89. grease ⇄ greis
  90. mucle ⇄ muskel
  91. guts ⇄ darm
  92. heart ⇄ hart
  93. brain ⇄ breihin
  94. liver ⇄ leever
  95. egg ⇄ eig
  96. horn ⇄ horn
  97. stinger ⇄ stakel
  98. antenna ⇄ anten
  99. tail ⇄ stvan
  100. feather ⇄ veder
  101. hair ⇄ har
  102. fur ⇄ fel
  103. head ⇄ hovd
  104. face ⇄ sicte
  105. ear ⇄ oor
  106. eye ⇄ ooge
  107. nose ⇄ noose
  108. snout ⇄ snuut
  109. mouth ⇄ mund
  110. beard ⇄ bard
  111. mustasch ⇄ mustac
  112. lip ⇄ lip
  113. tooth ⇄ tand
  114. tongue ⇄ tunge
  115. foot ⇄ fut
  116. leg ⇄ leg
  117. knee ⇄ knii
  118. hand ⇄ hand
  119. finger ⇄ finger
  120. nail (body part) ⇄ nagel
  121. claw ⇄ klau
  122. wing ⇄ ving
  123. belly ⇄ belai
  124. stomach ⇄ maage
  125. neck ⇄ hals
  126. nape ⇄ nek
  127. throat ⇄ keel
  128. back ⇄ rug
  129. breast, boob ⇄ brost
  130. chest ⇄ cest
  131. ass, butt ⇄ bump
  132. anus ⇄ anus
  133. urethra ⇄ uretra
  134. vagina ⇄ vagin
  135. vagina (juvenile) ⇄ vip
  136. clitoris ⇄ klitoris
  137. womb ⇄ wuum
  138. ovary ⇄ oovery
  139. ovum ⇄ oovum
  140. penis ⇄ peenis
  141. penis (juvenile) ⇄ pik
  142. scrotum, ballsack ⇄ skrung
  143. male genitals ⇄ prung
  144. glans ⇄ gleiskel
  145. testicle ⇄ testikel
  146. sperm ⇄ sperm
  147. to drink ⇄ dringken
  148. to eat ⇄ spiitsen
  149. to nibble ⇄ knibelen
  150. to bite ⇄ baiten
  151. to suck ⇄ saugen
  152. to spit ⇄ speiten
  153. to vomit ⇄ sparfen
  154. to blow ⇄ blousen
  155. to breathe ⇄ andemen
  156. to laugh ⇄ lahen
  157. to see ⇄ siien
  158. to hear ⇄ hooren
  159. to know ⇄ visten
  160. to think ⇄ tengken
  161. to smell ⇄ raukten
  162. to taste ⇄ spruufen
  163. to feel (emotionally) ⇄ kenden
  164. to feel (physicaly) ⇄ fuulen
  165. to touch ⇄ rooren
  166. to sense ⇄ sensen
  167. to fear ⇄ frangsten
  168. to sleep ⇄ slaapen
  169. to live ⇄ leven
  170. to die ⇄ cdurden
  171. to kill ⇄ douden
  172. to fight (combat) ⇄ straiden
  173. to fight (struggle) ⇄ kempen
  174. to hunt ⇄ jakten
  175. to hit ⇄ slaagen
  176. to cut ⇄ cneiden
  177. to chop ⇄ haken
  178. to stab ⇄ staben
  179. to share ⇄ deelen
  180. to split ⇄ spliten
  181. to scratch ⇄ skrapsen
  182. to dig ⇄ graven
  183. to swim ⇄ swimen
  184. to fly ⇄ fliigen
  185. to walk, to go ⇄ gouen
  186. to come ⇄ komen
  187. to lie (lay) ⇄ leegen
  188. to sit ⇄ siten
  189. to stand ⇄ standen
  190. to turn (intransitive) ⇄ dreiden
  191. to rise ⇄ staigen
  192. to fall ⇄ falen
  193. to give ⇄ geeven
  194. to take ⇄ neimen
  195. to hold ⇄ halden
  196. to squeeze ⇄ sqeesen
  197. to rub ⇄ ruben
  198. to wash ⇄ vasen
  199. to wipe ⇄ drooken
  200. to pull ⇄ pulen
  201. to push ⇄ druken
  202. to throw ⇄ troiven
  203. to catch ⇄ fangen
  204. to tie ⇄ binden
  205. to sew ⇄ snaien
  206. to count ⇄ reekenen
  207. to say ⇄ saagen
  208. to sing ⇄ singen
  209. to play ⇄ spleien
  210. to float ⇄ flouten
  211. to sink ⇄ zingken
  212. to flow ⇄ floisen
  213. to swell ⇄ svelen
  214. to freeze ⇄ friisen
  215. to burn ⇄ brenen
  216. fire ⇄ fiier
  217. sun ⇄ son
  218. star ⇄ ster
  219. earth ⇄ erd
  220. moon ⇄ mon
  221. salt ⇄ salt
  222. stone ⇄ steen
  223. dust ⇄ stov
  224. gravel ⇄ graus
  225. boulder ⇄ boulder
  226. ash ⇄ ask
  227. mountain ⇄ berg
  228. hill ⇄ houvel
  229. sand ⇄ sand
  230. road ⇄ veeg
  231. water ⇄ vaater
  232. drop ⇄ drop
  233. rain ⇄ regen
  234. river ⇄ flusd
  235. lake ⇄ see
  236. sea ⇄ haav
  237. waterstream ⇄ vaaterstroum
  238. waterfall ⇄ vaaterfal
  239. snow ⇄ snee
  240. ice ⇄ ais
  241. fog ⇄ neevel
  242. mist ⇄ mist
  243. tsunami ⇄ tsunaami
  244. air ⇄ luft
  245. cloud ⇄ woln
  246. sky ⇄ himel
  247. wind ⇄ wind
  248. smoke ⇄ rook
  249. disaster ⇄ katastrof
  250. color ⇄ kolur
  251. paint ⇄ farb
  252. red ⇄ roud
  253. orange ⇄ oranc
  254. yellow ⇄ gelu
  255. lime ⇄ laim
  256. green ⇄ grun
  257. turquoise ⇄ turkois
  258. cyan ⇄ cyan
  259. azure ⇄ azor
  260. blue ⇄ blo
  261. purple ⇄ prila
  262. magenta ⇄ magent
  263. cerise ⇄ ceri
  264. white ⇄ vit
  265. gray ⇄ gro
  266. black ⇄ svart
  267. brown (dark orange colors) ⇄ brun
  268. pink (pale red, magenta, cerise) ⇄ rooz
  269. beige ⇄ beic
  270. light ⇄ lict
  271. hazy ⇄ hazi
  272. dark ⇄ dunkel
  273. night ⇄ nact
  274. day ⇄ daag
  275. year ⇄ jaur
  276. warm ⇄ varm
  277. cold ⇄ kald
  278. full ⇄ fol
  279. empty ⇄ lemtom
  280. new ⇄ nue
  281. old ⇄ old
  282. good ⇄ guut
  283. bad ⇄ slect
  284. ripe, mature ⇄ raif
  285. rotten ⇄ rotnen
  286. clean ⇄ crein
  287. dirty ⇄ smotsic
  288. straight ⇄ strak
  289. bent ⇄ bougd
  290. round ⇄ rund
  291. sharp (as a knife) ⇄ cerp
  292. dull (as a knife) ⇄ dulp
  293. smooth ⇄ glat
  294. ragged ⇄ rugd
  295. wet ⇄ vnot
  296. dry ⇄ drog
  297. near ⇄ neer
  298. far ⇄ faar
  299. right ⇄ rect
  300. left ⇄ lingks
  301. center ⇄ centraal
  302. north ⇄ nord
  303. south ⇄ saud
  304. east ⇄ oust
  305. west ⇄ vest
  306. at ⇄ aton
  307. in ⇄ in
  308. with ⇄ mit
  309. and ⇄ end
  310. if ⇄ ifals
  311. because ⇄ soodat
  312. name ⇄ name
  313. correct, right ⇄ korekt, ret
  314. incorrect, false/wrong ⇄ inkorekt, falc

Wordlists

Texts

Fragments 31

Fragments 31 — Sapfo — Anne Carson

Xiin, fuur jaik, saims eqalaik tsoo de gauds dat manske

das oposit duu siten

end hooren duu neer

spraaken soutlyt


en lahen fryktlyt, das inderde

maaken jaikse hart fladeren in jaikse brost;

fuur van jaik caiken aton duu naur ain kort taid

et sain kain meer moigelic fuur jaik tsoo spraaken


aber et sain als if jaikse tunge sain kaput

end unmidelyt renen ain subtiil fiier over jaikse skind,

Jaik kan nict siien mit jaikse ooges,

end jaikse oors buze


kaudsveit komen over jaik, drerende

graipen jaik overal, jaik sain bleeker

dan greis, end jaik saims neerlyt

tsoo hacdurden.


aber alding must hatauren, sinds ...




That man seems to me to be equal to the gods

who is sitting opposite you

and hears you nearby

speaking sweetly


and laughing delightfully, which indeed

makes my heart flutter in my breast;

for when I look at you even for a short time,

it is no longer possible for me to speak


but it is as if my tongue is broken

and immediately a subtle fire has run over my skin,

I cannot see anything with my eyes,

and my ears are buzzing


a cold sweat comes over me, trembling

seizes me all over, I am paler

than grass, and I seem nearly

to have died.


but everything must be dared/endured, since ...