Ormå: Difference between revisions

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| created = 2023
| created = 2023
| creator = User:Jukethatbox
| creator = User:Jukethatbox
| image = Knasko.png
| imagecaption = The ''knåsko'', the symbol of the Ormå people.
| name = Ormå
| name = Ormå
| nativename = ormå píppi
| nativename = ormå pippi
| pronunciation = ormɔ ˈpi.ppi
| pronunciation = ormɔ ˈpip.pi
| state = Ormå Nation
| state = Ormå Nation
| speakers = 120,000
| date = 400 BH
| ethnicity = Ormå people
| ethnicity = Ormå people
| familycolor = Indo-European
| familycolor = Indo-European
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| fam2 = Ulmic
| fam2 = Ulmic
| fam3 = Umic
| fam3 = Umic
| ancestor1 = [[Proto-Yeldhic]]
| ancestor1 = Ancient Ormå
| ancestor2 = Proto-Ulmic
| ancestor3 = Proto-Umic
| nation = Ormå Nation, Southern Ulmis
| nation = Ormå Nation, Southern Ulmis
| minority = Southern Ulmis, Moshuria
| minority = Southern Ulmis, Moshuria
| agency = Ormả Committee(''Kikilẽ Ormå'')
| agency = Ormå Käminkkäwe
| notice = ipa
| notice = ipa
}}
}}
'''Ormå'''(/ormo/, ''ormå píppi''; <small>Ormå:</small> [[Help:IPA|[ormɔ ˈpi.ppi]]]) is a language spoken by the Ormå people of the southern areas of the tundras of Ulmis. It is an Umic language, so it is related to the languages of Umį and Pailä. The Umic languages themselves are a sub-branch of the Ulmic languages, which includes Pêrsir and Zadję.
'''Ormå'''(''ormå pippi''; <small>Ormå:</small> [[Help:IPA|[ormɔ ˈpip.pi]]]) is a language spoken by the Ormå people of the Ormå Nation. It is an Umic language, so it is related to the languages of Umį and Pailä. The Umic languages themselves are a sub-branch of the Ulmic languages, which includes Pêrsir and Zadję.


It is a fusional SOV language that, like all other Ulmic languages, heavily features nasalised vowels.
It is a fusional SOV language that, like all other Ulmic languages, heavily features nasalised vowels.
==Etymology==
''Ormå'' comes from Ancient Ormå ''ormorri'', a term referring to a tundra that is naturally protected from harsher winds by some other geographical feature, typically hills. ''ormorri'' may come from Proto-Ulmic ''*olmuy'', "silence", which would make Pêrsir ''ulmii'', "volume", cognate with ''ormorri''.
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Orthography===
===Orthography===
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===Consonants===
===Consonants===
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
!colspan=2 |  !! Bilabial/Labiodental !! Alveolar !! Velar !! Palatal
!colspan=2 |  !! Bilabial/<br>Labiodental !! Alveolar !! Velar !! Palatal
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | Plosive
! rowspan=2 | Plosive
Line 50: Line 50:
|-
|-
! velarised
! velarised
| fˠ vˠ || sˠ zˠ ||  
| || sˠ zˠ ||  
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | Approximant
! rowspan=2 | Approximant
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|-
|-
! Close-mid
! Close-mid
| e || || o
| colspan=2 | e|| o
|-
|-
! Open-mid/Near-open
! Open-mid/Near-open
Line 76: Line 76:
| a || ||
| a || ||
|}
|}
/e/ is generally only realised as [ə] at the end of a word, though some dialects pronounce /e/ always as [ə] or always as [e].
====Nasalised vowels====
====Nasalised vowels====
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
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| ã || ||
| ã || ||
|}
|}
===Stress===
===Stress===
Ormå has no stress pattern, though most speakers tend to go towards paroxytonic stress.
Ormå has no stress pattern, though most speakers tend to go towards paroxytonic stress.
==Morphology==
==Morphology==
===Nouns===
===Nouns===
====Gender====
Ormå has four grammatical genders: '''masculine''', '''feminine''', '''passive neuter''' and '''active neuter'''. The distinction between passive and active neuter is quite vague, though the general pattern is that if it is a countable geographical feature that moves by itself, such as a river(''mittä''), it is '''active''' and if not, like a watershed(''nncẽ''), it is '''passive'''. However, some words, like ''krỹse''("snowy mountain"), which would logically be passive, is actually active, because in Ormå mythology, the God of Snowy Mountains, ''Ukkäjan'', supposedly causes avalanches to deter climbers of Mount Kakkijajå, thus making snowy mountains ''active'' deterers of climbers. Many of these logical exceptions in the neuter gender are rooted in Ormå mythology.
====Number====
====Number====
Ormå, like all Ulmic languages, differentiates between single, dual and plural grammatical number, which vary according to the four grammatical genders of masculine, feminine, passive neuter and active neuter.
Ormå, like all Ulmic languages, differentiates between single, dual and plural grammatical number, which vary according to the four grammatical genders of masculine, feminine, passive neuter and active neuter.
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
|+ Grammatical number with ''thåsk'', ''skyd'', ''nncẽ'' & ''mittä''
|+ Grammatical number with ''thåsk'', ''skyd'', ''nncẽ'' & ''mittä''
! colspan=2 | !! Single !! Dual !! Plural
|-
! colspan=2 | !! Singular !! Dual !! Plural
|-
|-
! colspan=2 | Masculine
! colspan=2 | Masculine
| ''thåsk'' || ''thåsk'''i''''' || ''thåsk'''ir'''''
| ''thåsk''<br>"rock" || ''thåsk'''i''''' || ''thåsk'''ir'''''
|-
|-
! colspan=2 | Feminine
! colspan=2 | Feminine
| ''skyd'' || ''skyd'''je''''' || ''skyd'''jus'''''
| ''skyd''<br>"bulb" || ''skyd'''je''''' || ''skyd'''jus'''''
|-
|-
! rowspan=2 | Neuter
! rowspan=2 | Neuter
! Passive
! Passive
| ''nncẽ'' || ''nncẽ'''mmi''' || ''nncẽ'''mmä'''
| ''nncẽ''<br>"watershed" || ''nncẽ'''mmi''' || ''nncẽ'''mmä'''
|-
|-
! Active
! Active
| ''mittä'' || ''mittä'''pyr''''' || ''mittä'''fyr'''''
| ''mittä''<br>"river" || ''mittä'''pyr''''' || ''mittä'''fyr'''''
|}
 
===Pronouns===
====Demonstrative====
Demonstrative pronouns in Ormå are placed after the noun and fall into three categories: '''adjacent'''(next to something), '''near''' and '''far'''. For example, ''thåsk khe'' means "the rock next to <nowiki>[me]</nowiki>", ''skydje nhus'' means "these two bulbs" and ''mittäfyr käller'' means "those rivers (over there)".
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
! !! Adjacent !! Near !! Far
|-
! Singular
| ''khe'' || ''khes'' || ''khest''
|-
! Dual
| ''nhu'' || ''nhus'' || ''nhussr''
|-
! Plural
| ''kär'' || ''källä'' || ''käller''
|}
===Strong verbs===
====''Kokkra''====
''Kokkra'', "to be", is the main copula in Ormå. It has quite bizarre conjugation, though it is a very common verb.
{| class=wikitable style="text-align: center;"
! colspan = 2 | !! Singular !! Plural
|-
! colspan = 2 | 1st person
| ''soor'' || ''sooråj''
|-
! colspan = 2 | 2nd person
| ''stukk'' || ''stukkää''
|-
! rowspan=2 | 3rd person
! Objects
| ''skokke'' || ''skokkej''
|-
! People
| ''kokkår'' || ''kokkäre''
|}
|}
==Syntax==
==Other resources==
==Other resources==


[[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Conlangs]] [[Category:Yeldhic languages]]
[[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Conlangs]] [[Category:Yeldhic languages]]

Latest revision as of 15:41, 8 June 2024

Ormå
ormå pippi
Knasko.png
The knåsko, the symbol of the Ormå people.
Pronunciation[ormɔ ˈpip.pi]
Created byJukethatbox
Date2023
Native toOrmå Nation
EthnicityOrmå people
Native speakers120,000 (400 BH)
Yeldhic
  • Ulmic
    • Umic
      • Ormå
Early form
Ancient Ormå
Official status
Official language in
Ormå Nation, Southern Ulmis
Recognised minority
language in
Southern Ulmis, Moshuria
Regulated byOrmå Käminkkäwe
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Ormå(ormå pippi; Ormå: [ormɔ ˈpip.pi]) is a language spoken by the Ormå people of the Ormå Nation. It is an Umic language, so it is related to the languages of Umį and Pailä. The Umic languages themselves are a sub-branch of the Ulmic languages, which includes Pêrsir and Zadję.

It is a fusional SOV language that, like all other Ulmic languages, heavily features nasalised vowels.

Phonology

Orthography

Ormå uses a modified form of the Standard Ulmic Script(SUS)[1], which includes a special letter, ⟨å⟩, that represents the phoneme /ɔ/, which among Ulmic languages is unique to Ormå. Additionally, the common digraphs ⟨sk⟩ and ⟨zg⟩ are pronounced /sˠ/ and /zˠ/ respectively, instead of /sk̚/ and /zg̚/ in other Ulmic languages like Pêrsir or Pailä.

Consonants

Bilabial/
Labiodental
Alveolar Velar Palatal
Plosive pulmonic p b t d k g c
aspirated pʰ bʱ tʰ dʱ kʰ gʱ
Trill/tap r~ɾ
Nasal m n̥ n ŋ
Fricative pulmonic f v s z x ç
velarised sˠ zˠ
Approximant pulmonic w j
lateral l ʎ

Vowels

Front Central Back
Close i y u
Close-mid e~ə o
Open-mid/Near-open æ ɔ
Open a

/e/ is generally only realised as [ə] at the end of a word, though some dialects pronounce /e/ always as [ə] or always as [e].

Nasalised vowels

Front Central Back
Close ĩ ỹ ũ
Close-mid õ
Open ã

Stress

Ormå has no stress pattern, though most speakers tend to go towards paroxytonic stress.

Morphology

Nouns

Gender

Ormå has four grammatical genders: masculine, feminine, passive neuter and active neuter. The distinction between passive and active neuter is quite vague, though the general pattern is that if it is a countable geographical feature that moves by itself, such as a river(mittä), it is active and if not, like a watershed(nncẽ), it is passive. However, some words, like krỹse("snowy mountain"), which would logically be passive, is actually active, because in Ormå mythology, the God of Snowy Mountains, Ukkäjan, supposedly causes avalanches to deter climbers of Mount Kakkijajå, thus making snowy mountains active deterers of climbers. Many of these logical exceptions in the neuter gender are rooted in Ormå mythology.

Number

Ormå, like all Ulmic languages, differentiates between single, dual and plural grammatical number, which vary according to the four grammatical genders of masculine, feminine, passive neuter and active neuter.

Grammatical number with thåsk, skyd, nncẽ & mittä
Singular Dual Plural
Masculine thåsk
"rock"
thåski thåskir
Feminine skyd
"bulb"
skydje skydjus
Neuter Passive nncẽ
"watershed"
nncẽmmi nncẽmmä
Active mittä
"river"
mittäpyr mittäfyr

Pronouns

Demonstrative

Demonstrative pronouns in Ormå are placed after the noun and fall into three categories: adjacent(next to something), near and far. For example, thåsk khe means "the rock next to [me]", skydje nhus means "these two bulbs" and mittäfyr käller means "those rivers (over there)".

Adjacent Near Far
Singular khe khes khest
Dual nhu nhus nhussr
Plural kär källä käller

Strong verbs

Kokkra

Kokkra, "to be", is the main copula in Ormå. It has quite bizarre conjugation, though it is a very common verb.

Singular Plural
1st person soor sooråj
2nd person stukk stukkää
3rd person Objects skokke skokkej
People kokkår kokkäre

Syntax

Other resources

  1. ^ har har