Proto-Atlanto-Mediterranean/Lexicon: Difference between revisions
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!Proto-Atlanto-Mediterranean | !Proto-Atlanto-Mediterranean | ||
!Meaning | !Meaning | ||
! | !Eurasiatic | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |*[k]°rd° | ||
|a bird of prey | |a bird of prey | ||
|*KVrdV | |*KVrdV | ||
|- | |||
|*[ts]°n[ts]° | |||
|a biting insect | |||
|*CVnCV | |||
|- | |||
|*n° | |||
|a deictic element | |||
|*nV | |||
|- | |||
|*n° | |||
|a demonstrative element | |||
|*nV | |||
|- | |||
|*tʼ°k° *dw°kʼ° | |||
|a horned animal | |||
|*ṭVkV (*dwVḳV) | |||
|- | |||
|*m°r° | |||
|a kind of berry | |||
|*mVrV | |||
|- | |||
|*tʃʼw°ʢkʼ° | |||
|a kind of bird | |||
|*[č`w]VHḳV | |||
|- | |||
|*[ts]°m° | |||
|a kind of bird | |||
|*CVmV | |||
|- | |||
|*[ts]°m° | |||
|a kind of bird | |||
|*CVmV | |||
|- | |||
|*ʢal°kʼ° | |||
|a kind of bird | |||
|*HalVḳV | |||
|- | |||
|*ʢal°kʼ° | |||
|a kind of bird | |||
|*HalVḳV | |||
|- | |||
|*kjama | |||
|a kind of (aquatic) bird | |||
|*k[i̯a]ma | |||
|- | |||
|*kaɴ° | |||
|a kind of bird | |||
|*kaNV | |||
|- | |||
|*kaɴ° | |||
|a kind of bird | |||
|*kaNV | |||
|- | |||
|*kʼuɦʎ° | |||
|a kind of bird | |||
|*ḳUĺV | |||
|- | |||
|*kʼuɦʎ° | |||
|a kind of bird | |||
|*ḳUĺV | |||
|- | |||
|*k°pʼ° | |||
|a kind of bird | |||
|*kVṗV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of bird | ||
|*kVṗV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of bird | |||
|*kwVtV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of bird | ||
|*kwVtV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of bird | |||
|*ĺVkĺVkV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of bird | ||
|*sVgV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of bird | |||
|*SVlwV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of bird | ||
|*SVlwV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of bird | |||
|*ṭVrV / *ṭVṭVrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of bird (gallinacean) | ||
|*KVwrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of bone | |||
|*c`iŋu | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of cereal | ||
|*lVnṭV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of cereal | |||
|*lVnṭV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of duck | ||
|*ṭVḳV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of duck or hen | |||
|*ṭVḳV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of fish | ||
|*č`VHmV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|(a) kind of fish | |||
|*kećä | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of fish | ||
|*kVrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of fish | |||
|*kVrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of fish; salmon | ||
|*ńowŋa | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of fruit | |||
|*mVsV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of fruit | ||
|*mVsV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of gallinacean bird | |||
|*KVwrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of grass | ||
|*wVĺV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of grass | |||
|*wVĺV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of grass | ||
|*cVmV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of horned animal | |||
|*mula | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a k | |a kind of horned animal | ||
|*mula | |||
|- | |||
|*tʃjuːppa *tʃjuːppu | |||
|a kind of insect | |||
|*či̯ū́ p𝑖̯ū́𝑝a ( ~ -u) | |||
|- | |||
|*[k]uɦm° | |||
|a kind of insect | |||
|*KUmV | |||
|- | |||
|*[k]uɦm° | |||
|a kind of insect | |||
|*KUmV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of insect | |||
|*ḳUṭḳV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of insect | ||
|*ḳUṭḳV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of insect | |||
|*lVŋV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of insect | ||
|*m[a]ŋi | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of insect | |||
|*mVḳV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of insect | ||
|*mVḳV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of insect | |||
|*pUḳV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of insect | ||
|*pVN(T)V | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of insect | |||
|*ṗVnǯV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of insect, louse | ||
|*ṗVnǯV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of liquid | |||
|*c`UtV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of onion | ||
|*sUŋV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of predator | |||
|*bVrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of predator | ||
|*KVrdV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of rodent | |||
|*[xq̇]wĕ[l]ʕǝ́ | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of sack | ||
|*lVmV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of tree | |||
|*jVwV (*ʔVjwV) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of tree | ||
|*jVwV (*ʔVjwV) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of tree | |||
|*kojw[a] | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of tree | ||
|*NEḳrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of tree | |||
|*ʔilVmV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of ungulate | ||
|*cVHnV ( ~ *c`-) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of ungulate | |||
|*CVxnV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of ungulate | ||
|*mVnV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of vessel | |||
|*ḳVwKV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of vessel | ||
|*pVNV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of water bird (gull) | |||
|*sVgV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a part of leg, foot | ||
|*lVlV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a small animal | |||
|*cwVkV ( ~ čw-) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a stinging insect | ||
|*mVwć`wV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a stinging insect | |||
|*pUḳV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |all | ||
|*eli | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|all, join | |||
|*kalV | |||
|- | |||
|*tʃakiː | |||
|an insect; a kind of insect | |||
|*čă k𝑎̆𝑘i | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |an insect | ||
|*mVwcwV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|an internal organ | |||
|*CV(n)CV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |an ungulate | ||
|*morV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|angry | |||
|*jVrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |animal hair | ||
|*mVńCV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|animal hair | |||
|*mVńcV ( ~ -c`-) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |antelope | ||
|*gujrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|antelope | |||
|*gujrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |arm | ||
|*gara | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|arm | |||
|*küjnV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |arm | ||
|*lVlV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|arm, leg | |||
|*ćVḳV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |armpit | ||
|*ḳVwVŋV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|army, people | |||
|*čVbV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |ashes, burn 1; light 2 | ||
|*ṗVdwV 1; *pi̯ŏ t𝑖̯𝑜̆𝑡e ( ~ -t-, *pi̯ă t𝑖̯𝑎̆𝑡u) 2 | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|ashes, dirt | |||
|*ṗVlV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |back | ||
|*dVgV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|back | |||
|*gedV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |back | ||
|*gedV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|back | |||
|*sVrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |back | ||
|*tVbV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|back | |||
|*tVbV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |back | ||
|*ʔarV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|back | |||
|*ʔarV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |back, rear | ||
|*kuNṭV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|back, side | |||
|*ṗVŋV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |bad | ||
|*bVHCV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bad | |||
|*ʔVkV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |bad | ||
|*ʔVkV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bad, dirty | |||
|*darV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |bad, dirty | ||
|*darV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bad, evil | |||
|*bVHCV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |bad, harm | ||
|*sogwV ( ~ š-) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bark | |||
|*ḳerV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |bark | ||
|*ḳerV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bark | |||
|*ḲopV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |bark | ||
|*ḲopV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bark | |||
|*ḳuLV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |bark | ||
|*ḳVrṗV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bark, cover | |||
|*ṭUgV ( ~ -H-) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |bark, peel | ||
|*ḳuLV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bark, skin | |||
|*ḳVrṗV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |basket | ||
|*ḳocV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|basket | |||
|*ḳoćV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |be angry | ||
|*kwVrV (~ gw) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|be angry | |||
|*kwVrV (~ gw) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |be destroyed, fall apart | ||
|*HVŕV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|be full | |||
|*ḳOṗV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |be full, complete | ||
|*ḳOṗV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|be ill | |||
|*lVχV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |be ill | ||
|*lVχV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|be satiated | |||
|*HVwV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |be smooth | ||
|*gVlV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|be visible, see | |||
|*nVkV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |beat | ||
|*biχV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|beat | |||
|*biχV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |beat | ||
|*ṭoḳV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|beat | |||
|*ṭoḳV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |beat, break | ||
|*buṭV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|beat, hit | |||
|*SUTV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |beat, hit | ||
|*SUTV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|beat, hit | |||
|*ṭapħa | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |beat, hit | ||
|*ṭapħa | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bee | |||
|*ṗVrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |bee, insect | ||
|*ṗVrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|behind, buttock | |||
|*[šw]VtV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |behind, buttock | ||
|*SVtV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|belly | |||
|*wa[n]čV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |belly | ||
|*wa[n]ʒ́wV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|belly, entrails | |||
|*gwVlV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |belly, heart | ||
|*kuŋV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|belly, heart | |||
|*kuŋV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |belly, intestines | ||
|*gUtV / *kUtV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|belly, intestines | |||
|*gUtV / *kUtV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |belly, liver | ||
|*gwVlV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|belly, stomach | |||
|*Ḳarbi | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |belly, stomach | ||
|*Ḳarbi | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|below | |||
|*HalV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |below | ||
|*HalV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bend | |||
|*ḳVlV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |bend | ||
|*ḳVŋV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bend | |||
|*ṭoŋV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |berry | ||
|*mVrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|big | |||
|*mVkV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |big | ||
|*t`VwjV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|big | |||
|*wol[a] | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |big | ||
|*wol[a] | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|big fish | |||
|*ḳUlV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |big fish | ||
|*ḳUlV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|big tree | |||
|*dVnwV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |big tree | ||
|*dVnwV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|big, full | |||
|*tVdV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |big, heavy | ||
|*pVKV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|big, large | |||
|*mVkV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |big, thick | ||
|*č`oḳV ( ~ -q̇-) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|big, thick | |||
|*č`oḳV ( ~ -q̇-) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |big, thick | ||
|*tVdV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|big, very | |||
|*ʔVnV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |big, very | ||
|*ʔVnV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bile | |||
|*bišV ( ~ -č`-) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |bind | ||
|*KuTV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bind | |||
|*KVrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |birch | ||
|*kojw[a] | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bird | |||
|*[č`w]VHḳV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |bird | ||
|*HVwjV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bird | |||
|*HVwjV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |bird's tail | ||
|*ṗVńcwV ( ~ -c`w-) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bite, chew | |||
|*käjwV (-b-) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |bite, tear | ||
|*ḳVCV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|biting insect | |||
|*CVnCV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |bitter | ||
|*gVcwV(~-čw-) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bitter | |||
|*sVbV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |bitter, gall | ||
|*bišV ( ~ -č`-) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bitter, sour | |||
|*gVcwV(~−č𝑤𝑉(~-čw- ) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |black | ||
|*ḳarV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|black | |||
|*ḳarV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |black | ||
|*ʔVbV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|black | |||
|*ʔVbV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |black, dark | ||
|*ḳUmV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|black, dark | |||
|*ḳUmV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |black, dark | ||
|*mVCHV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|black, dark; black | |||
|*nal- | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |black, night | ||
|*sVrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|black-cock | |||
|*ṭVrV / *ṭVṭVrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |blade, awl | ||
|*ʔVlV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|blade, whetstone | |||
|*ʔVlV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |blister, abscess | ||
|*HVlVḳV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|blister, wound | |||
|*HVlVḳV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |blood | ||
|*bUjlV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|blood | |||
|*bUjlV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |blood | ||
|*ḳVnV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|blood | |||
|*wirV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |blood | ||
|*ʔVsxV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|blood, blood vessel | |||
|*ḳVnV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |blood, breath | ||
|*HwinV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|blood, breath | |||
|*ʔVsxV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |blood, red | ||
|*ḳurV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|blood, red | |||
|*ḳurV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |blood, spirit; spirit; blood | ||
|*cwVnV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|blood; marrow | |||
|*mVLV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |blood; red | ||
|*wirV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|blue | |||
|*swVNV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |blue | ||
|*swVNV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|board, stick | |||
|*ṭVlV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |body | ||
|*bVdV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|body, belly | |||
|*bVdV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |boil | ||
|*borV, *buŕa | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|boil | |||
|*borV, *buŕa | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |boil, burn | ||
|*ḳVju | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bone | |||
|*girV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |bone | ||
|*girV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bone | |||
|*HV(w)[č`]V | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |bone | ||
|*HV(w)čV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bone | |||
|*ḳač`V | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |bone | ||
|*ḳaCV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bone | |||
|*ʒ́VmV (*c`iŋu) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |bone, tooth | ||
|*ṗVjNV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bone, tooth | |||
|*ṗVjNV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |bosom | ||
|*ʔVṗV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bosom | |||
|*ʔVṗV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |bovine; horse | ||
|*luwV (*luɣV) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bow | |||
|*büḲa | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |bow, arc | ||
|*ṭoŋV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bow, lean | |||
|*tajV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |brain | ||
|*mVŋV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|brain | |||
|*mVŋV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |brain, head | ||
|*wVṭV(mV) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|brain, marrow; head | |||
|*wVṭV(mV) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |branch | ||
|*rVṭV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|branch, rod | |||
|*rVṭV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |branch, stick | ||
|*HelV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|branch, twig, rod | |||
|*šVṭV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |break, chop | ||
|*cVṗV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|break, split | |||
|*buṭV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |breast | ||
|*[c]V(n)ʒwV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|breast | |||
|*ḳerdV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |breast | ||
|*ṗome | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|breast, belly | |||
|*ʔudV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |breast, udder | ||
|*mälgi | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|breast, udder | |||
|*mälgi | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |breath, smell | ||
|*sVwHV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bright | |||
|*bVrḳV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |bright | ||
|*ʔVǯV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bright | |||
|*ʔVǯV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |brown | ||
|*boŕa | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|brown | |||
|*boŕa | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |brown, dark | ||
|*KVŋV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|brown, yellow | |||
|*KVŋV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |bug, flea | ||
|*ŋalmV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|build, house | |||
|*dwVmV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |burn; bonfire | ||
|*mūga | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|burn | |||
|*ṗaĺV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |burn | ||
|*ṗaĺV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|burn | |||
|*ṗVrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |burn | ||
|*wVrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|burn | |||
|*wVrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |burn, bake | ||
|*buKV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|burn, boil; burn, kindle | |||
|*t`èmo ( ~ t-) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |burn, fire | ||
|*qoṭi | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|burn, fire | |||
|*qoṭi | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |burn, fire | ||
|*t`ülV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|burn, hot coals | |||
|*gUrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |burn, hot coals | ||
|*gUrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|burn, roast | |||
|*buKV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |burn, roast, dry | ||
|*ḳVńV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|burn, shine | |||
|*Cajŋa | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |burn, shine | ||
|*ʒajŋa | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|burst | |||
|*paḳV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |butterfly | ||
|*ṗVrṗVlV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|butterfly | |||
|*ṗVrṗVlV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |buy, sell | ||
|*ṗVrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|calf | |||
|*ṗVrV ( ~ p-) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |calf, bull | ||
|*ṗVrV ( ~ p-) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|cattle; horse | |||
|*morV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |cave, hole | ||
|*ḳVjwV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|cave, hole | |||
|*ḳVjwV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |cheek | ||
|*ṗVlV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|chest, belly | |||
|*bUrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |chest, belly | ||
|*bUrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|child | |||
|*mVḳV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |child, to bear | ||
|*berV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|child, to bear | |||
|*berV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |chin | ||
|*kenV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|chin | |||
|*kenV (*kVngV) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |chin, beard; cheek bone | ||
|*čò k𝑜̀𝑘e ( ~ -i̯u-) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|chin, jaw | |||
|*kVṗV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |chop | ||
|*cVṗV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|chopped piece, to cut | |||
|*ḳUṭV (*ḳVtV) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |clan member | ||
|*ʔarV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|clay, mud | |||
|*pVnV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |clay, mud | ||
|*pVnV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|clothing | |||
|*ḳa(j)dV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |cloud | ||
|*bVl(w)V | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|cloud | |||
|*bVl(w)V | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |coals, burn | ||
|*CuxLV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|coals, soot, burn | |||
|*CuxLV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |cold | ||
|*[z]VrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|cold | |||
|*KurV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |cold | ||
|*KurV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|cold | |||
|*SVŋV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |cold | ||
|*ʒ́VrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|cold, frost | |||
|*SVŋV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |come, go; rise | ||
|*Horä | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|coniferous tree | |||
|*pVnč`wV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |coniferous tree, resin | ||
|*pVnč`wV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|corner, enclosure | |||
|*ḳVnVṭV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |corner, wall | ||
|*ḳVnVṭV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|court, enclosure | |||
|*dwVrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |cover | ||
|*ṭUgV ( ~ -H-) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|cover, close | |||
|*ḳaṗV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |cover, close | ||
|*ḳaṗV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|crane | |||
|*kar-/*ker- | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |crane | ||
|*kar-/*ker- | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|crust | |||
|*c`VrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |curved, bent | ||
|*ḳUrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|cut | |||
|*čVḳV ( ~ *č`-) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |cut | ||
|*ḳUṭV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|cut | |||
|*ḳVc`V | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |cut | ||
|*kVlV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|cut, sharp | |||
|*CarV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dark | ||
|*HamV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dark | |||
|*rVmV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dark | ||
|*rVmV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dark | |||
|*sVmV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dark | ||
|*ṭVmV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dark | |||
|*ṭVmV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dark, black; dark | ||
|*muṭV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dark, black | |||
|*mVCHV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dark, black; dark | ||
|*sVmV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dark, cloudy | |||
|*muṭV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |darkness, night | ||
|*kVcwV ( ~ -čw-) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dawn | |||
|*gojńV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dawn, light | ||
|*gojńV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dawn, light | |||
|*lVwŋV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dawn, noon | ||
|*lVwŋV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|day, shine | |||
|*dʷVjɣV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |day, shine | ||
|*dʷVjɣV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|day, sun, light | |||
|*ŋera | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |decease | ||
|*ŋVwV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|deer | |||
|*mVnV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |deer | ||
|*ʔelV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|deer | |||
|*ʔelV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |deer, antilope | ||
|*ʔoru | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|deer, he-goat | |||
|*pOgV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |demonstrative pronoun | ||
|*mV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|demonstrative pronoun | |||
|*mV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |demonstrative pronoun | ||
|*ṭV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|demonstrative pronoun | |||
|*ṭV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |demonstrative pronoun | ||
|*ḳV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|demonstrative pronoun | |||
|*sV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dew, liquid | ||
|*rVCV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|die, finish | |||
|*muṭV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |die, starve | ||
|*HwelV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|die; kill | |||
|*nek'- | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dig, hack | ||
|*ḳVṗV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|direction, road | |||
|*gwVCV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |direction, road, pass | ||
|*gwVCV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dirt | |||
|*böḳa | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dirt | ||
|*c`VrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dirt | |||
|*c`VrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dirt | ||
|*kodV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dirt | |||
|*kodV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dirt | ||
|*lVḳwV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dirt, earth | |||
|*magV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dirt, faeces | ||
|*[ʒ]VḳV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dirt, faeces | |||
|*SVḳV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dog | ||
|*KUCV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dog | |||
|*ḳVpV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dog | ||
|*ḳVpV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dog | |||
|*ŋindV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dog | ||
|*ŋindV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dog | |||
|*ŋVḳV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dog, wolf | ||
|*bVrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dog, wolf | |||
|*KUCV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dog, wolf | ||
|*ŋVḳV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dream | |||
|*CVm(ŋ)V | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |drink | ||
| | |*jVgU | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |drink, liquid | ||
| | |*CUtV | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |drink, swallow | ||
| | |*ʔEmV | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |drink, water | ||
| | |*HVṗV | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dry | ||
| | |*gwVlV | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dry | ||
|*ḳVjwV(rV) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dry | ||
| | |*ḳVjwV(rV) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dry | ||
|*kVkV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dry | |||
|*kVk𝑉𝑘V | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dry | ||
|*KVmV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dry | |||
|*ḳVs(w)V | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dry | ||
|*sušV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dry | |||
|*śušV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dry, burn | ||
|*gwVlV (*/ḳ/alV) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dung, mud | |||
|*ḳorV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dust | ||
|*bur(H)V | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dust | |||
|*bur(H)V | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dust, ashes | ||
|*ṭVṭV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dust, ashes, smoke | |||
|*ṭVṭV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dust, dirt | ||
|*böḳa | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dwelling | |||
|*gülV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dwelling | ||
|*gülV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|ear | |||
|*KVrWV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |ear | ||
|*KVrWV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|early | |||
|*ʔVCV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |early | ||
|*ʔVrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|early | |||
|*ʔVrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |early, dawn | ||
|*ʔVcwV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|earth | |||
|*DVG- | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |earth | ||
|*DVG- | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|earth | |||
|*magV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |earth, dust | ||
|*ṭVŕV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|earth, dust | |||
|*ṭVŕV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |eat | ||
|*tin- | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|eat | |||
|*UNV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |eat, drink | ||
|*UNV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|edge; top, summit | |||
|*cimu ( ~ ć-, č-, č`-) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |edge | ||
|*Hońća | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|edge | |||
|*HońcV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |edge | ||
|*mVcV ( ~ -c`-) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|edge | |||
|*ṗerV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |edge | ||
|*PVlV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|edge | |||
|*PVlV (*ṗVlV) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |edge, side | ||
|*mVcV ( ~ -c`-) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|edge, side | |||
|*ṗerV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |egg | ||
|*ṭUĺV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|egg | |||
|*ṭUĺV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |elbow, forearm | ||
|*c`VjḳV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|elbow, knee | |||
|*küjnV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |elder brother or sister | ||
|*ʔaḳV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|elder brother/sister | |||
|*eńV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |elder male relative, father | ||
|*ʔVṭV (*tajV) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|elder relative | |||
|*ʔaḳV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |elder relative | ||
|*ʔVṭV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|elm | |||
|*ʔilVmV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |enclosure | ||
|*gErV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|enclosure | |||
|*gVrdV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |enclosure | ||
|*gVrdV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|enclosure | |||
|*wVč`V ( ~ -ǯ-) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |enclosure, yard | ||
|*dwVrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|enclosure, yard | |||
|*gErV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |end; mouth | ||
|*[s]UwV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|enemy | |||
|*ḳarV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |enemy | ||
|*ḳarV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|evening | |||
|*SVKV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |evening | ||
|*sVrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|evening | |||
|*ʒwVṗV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |evening, sleep | ||
|*ʒwVṗV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|extinguish | |||
|*sun(d)V ( ~ ś-, š-) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |eye, see | ||
|*HuḲa | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|eye, see | |||
|*HuḲa | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |eye, see | ||
|*HwVlV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|eyebrow (> eyelid); hair of head | |||
|*SVmrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |face | ||
|*mVŋV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|face, chin | |||
|*kVṗV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |face, forehead | ||
|*pVNV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|face, head | |||
|*mVĺV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |face, head | ||
|*mVṭV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|face, head | |||
|*pVNV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |face, nose, mouth | ||
|*mVŋV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|face, skin on head | |||
|*mVṭV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |fall | ||
|*ḳVtV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|fall, descend | |||
|*HewV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |fall, descend, disappear | ||
|*HewV(jV) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|far; next | |||
|*ḳUlV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |fart | ||
|*PV[s]V | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|fart | |||
|*PVSV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |fat | ||
|*gwVjV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|fat | |||
|*gwVjV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |fat, intestines | ||
|*sebV ( ~ ś-, š-) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|father | |||
|*aṗV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |father | ||
|*aṗV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|feather | |||
|*ṗVĺV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |feather, tail | ||
|*ṗVĺV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|female | |||
|*nVzV ( ~ -ʒ-) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |female | ||
|*ṗenV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|female genitalia | |||
|*mVṭV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |female genitalia | ||
|*mVṭV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|female in-law | |||
|*kälU | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |female in-law | ||
|*kälU | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|female relative | |||
|*eńV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |female relative | ||
|*mVjNV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|female relative | |||
|*mVjNV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |female relative | ||
|*natV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|female relative | |||
|*natV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |fence, enclosure | ||
|*wVč`V ( ~ -ǯ-) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|fight, kill | |||
|*HwelV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |finger | ||
|*pVrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|finger, claw | |||
|*č`wVṗV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |finger, claw | ||
|*č`wVṗV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|finger, fingernail | |||
|*pVrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |finger, toe | ||
|*ḳVrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|fire | |||
|*CVCxV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |fire | ||
|*dʷVɣV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|fire | |||
|*dʷVɣV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |fire | ||
|*ṗVxwV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|fire | |||
|*ṗVxwV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |fire | ||
|*zVcwxV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|fire, burn | |||
|*HenkV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |fire, burn | ||
|*HenkV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|fire, burn | |||
|*nVjV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |fire, burn | ||
|*ŋera | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|fire, burn | |||
|*ṗVrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |fire, burn | ||
|*ʔumV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|fire, burn | |||
|*ʔumV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |fire, to strike fire | ||
|*cVḳV ( ~ *č-) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|fire, warmth | |||
|*lVmV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |first person pronoun | ||
|*ŋV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|first person pronoun | |||
|*mV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |first person pronoun (exclusive?) | ||
|*ŋV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|fish | |||
|*č`VHmV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |fish | ||
|*dVgV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|fish | |||
|*dVgV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |fist | ||
|*mVǯHV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|fist, handle | |||
|*ṗVnḳV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |fist, wrist | ||
|*kompV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|fist; squeeze with a fist, crumple | |||
|*mVǯHV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |flat | ||
|*lVṗV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|flat | |||
|*lVṗV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |flat | ||
|*ṭaPV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|flat | |||
|*ṭaPV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |flat, level | ||
|*ṗVlHV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|flat, level | |||
|*ṗVlHV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |flat, plain | ||
|*ṭalV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|flea | |||
|*pur_cwV(GV) / *pülcwV(GV) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |flea | ||
|*pur_cwV(GV) / *pülcwV(GV) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|flesh, blood; flesh, fat | |||
|*SVĺV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |flesh, fat | ||
|*c`ebV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|flesh, fat | |||
|*swVĺV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |flow | ||
|*ńVjrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|flow | |||
|*ńVjrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |flow, gush | ||
|*bVlV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|flow, gush | |||
|*bVlV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |fly | ||
|*ṗarV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|fly | |||
|*ṗarV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |fly, flea | ||
|*ṗVlV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|fly, midge | |||
|*ṗVlV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |fog | ||
|*musV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|food | |||
|*HVlV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |food, eat | ||
|*HVlV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|foolish, deceive | |||
|*tVlV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |foot, knee | ||
|*bVl(m)V | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|foot, sole | |||
|*ṗVHdV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |foot, toe | ||
|*ḳVrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|forest, wilderness | |||
|*ni̯VnV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |four | ||
|*NVlV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|fox | |||
|*[čw]VlɣV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |fox, weasel | ||
|*[čw]VlɣV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|fragile | |||
|*lVmV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |fringe, thread | ||
|*sVŋV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|fringe, thread | |||
|*śVŋV ( ~ *ć`-) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |frog | ||
|*gwVrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|frog | |||
|*gwVrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |front | ||
|*HalV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|front | |||
|*HanṭV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |front | ||
|*HanṭV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|front; front, breast | |||
|*ʔedV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |front, breast | ||
|*mVńV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|front, breast | |||
|*mVńV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |front, breast | ||
|*ʔedV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|front, nose | |||
|*newRV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |front, outside | ||
|*HalV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|frost, cold | |||
|*pič`V | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |frozen snow | ||
|*čVgV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|frozen snow | |||
|*čVgV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |fruit | ||
|*bVrq̇wV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|fruit | |||
|*bVrq̇wV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |full | ||
|*HVp`V | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|full | |||
|*HVPVTV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |full | ||
|*malV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|full | |||
|*ṭVngV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |full | ||
|*ṭVngV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|full | |||
|*tVrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |full, all | ||
|*wV(n)CV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|full, all | |||
|*wV(n)CV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |full, fill | ||
|*ṭVmV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|furrow | |||
|*HarV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |furrow, hoe | ||
| | |*HarV | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |gather, assemble *ṗVrV buy, assemble | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |genitalia *ḳUṭV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |genitalia *ḳUṭV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |get in pairs, pair > two *malV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |get, obtain *ga | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |gift, allotment *ajṭV ~ *amṭV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |gift, allotment *ajṭV ~ *amṭV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |give *ćwVHV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |glittering *gi[ɫ]ħu | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |glittering *gi[ɫ]ħu | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |glue *[c]VbV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |glue, join *ćabV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |go astray, fall apart *HVŕV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |go, come *HVjV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |go, follow *HVjV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |goat *ṭVkV (*dwVḳV) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |goat, deer *ʔoru | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |goat, ram, deer *pOgV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |good *mVlV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |good *näḳi | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |good (of soul) *näḳi | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |good, big *bVtV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |good, fit *dUgV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |good, new *wVlV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |good, proper *ʔVjV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |good, take care *ʔVjsV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |goose *ĺVkĺVkV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |grain *SVrV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |grain *SVrV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |grasp *kamV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |grasp *kamV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |grasp, seize, press *HamV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |grass *kuCu | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |grass, reed *ćVmV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |grass, twigs *c`UlV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |grass, vegetables *kuč`u | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |grey *c'VjrV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |grey *c'VjrV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |grind *nVq̇V | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |grind *nVq̇V | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |gum, resin, mud *ṗoŋV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |gums *ńVjlV part of face, gums | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |guts, inside *oŕV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hack *ṭanV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hair *cVḳV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hair *k`VSV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hair *ńä[w(ŋ)]a [*ŋVjV] | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hair *ńä[w(ŋ)]a [*ŋVjV] | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hair *nVwrV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hair *nVwrV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hair *ŋVjV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hair *p`un(́)V | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hair *p`un(́)V | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hair *pUdV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hair *sVHrV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hair *sVHrV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hair *ṭVrV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hair *ṭVrV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hair *k`VSV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hair, beard *Ḳila | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hair, eyebrow *burV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hair, feather *pUdV (*HapUdV) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hair, hair of head *burV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hair, head *q̇irV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hair, rope *ŋVjV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hair, stalk *Ḳila | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hair, tail *sVPV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |half, part *palV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hand *mVńV ( / *mVń-rV?) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hand *mVńV ( / *mVń-rV?) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hand(ful) *kompV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hand, arm *bVgu | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hand, arm *udV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hand, bone *ŋVlV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hand, elbow *ŋVlV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hand, fist *ṗVnḳV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hand, limb *udV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hard *ḳVmV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hard, bone *ḳVmV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hard, firm *pVKV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |harm, deceive *sogwV ( ~ š-) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |harsh, ragged *c`VrV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |head *q̇irV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |head, back of head *ḳapV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hear *sVmV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hear *SVmV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hear, ear *ḳiwlV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hear, ear *me- 'hear; ear' | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |heart *sVʎV(mV) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |heart *śVʎV(mV) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |heart, breast *ḳerdV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |heat *[H]indV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |heavy, labour *mVnḳV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |herd *cVčV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |high *berg[i] | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |high *berg[i] | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |high *TVGV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hill *tujpV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hill, rock *bVgV ( ~ -ɣ-) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hill, top *tujpV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hit *wVdV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hit *wVdV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hole *HangV (also *wonkV) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hole *k`VCV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hole *ḳUrV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hole *wonkV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hole, cavity *ḳVwVŋV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hole, empty *gop`a | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hole, empty *gop`a | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hole, mouth *k`VCV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hole, vulva *p`u[ṭ]V | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hollow *HVlwV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hollow, cavity *HVlwV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hoof *ḳäṗV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hoof *ḳäṗV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hoof *sUdV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hoof *ṭUṗV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hoof, finger(nail) *ṭUṗV hoof | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hoof, hoof deformation *c`UdV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |horn *ḳirV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |horn *mVrgV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |horn; root *mVrgV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |horned animal *bVrV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |horned animal *bVrV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hot, warm *ṗäḳV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |house *pVrV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |house *ʔU[ṭ]V | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |house, village *ḳojmV village, hut | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |humid, wet *mVk`V | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |I, myself *ʔVkV (*ʔVgV) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |I, myself; we [first person pronoun] *ʔVkV (*ʔVgV) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |I, we [first person pronoun] *mV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |ice, cold *jVkV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |ice, cold *jVkV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |ill, die *m[ä]rV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |ill, die *m[ä]rV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |insect, vermine *tVkV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |insect, vermine *tVkV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |insect, worm *ḳwVŋV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |insect, worm *lVŋV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |inside, stomach *ʔudV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |interrogative or relative pronoun *ŋiV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |interrogative or relative pronoun *ŋiV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |interrogative pronoun *ḳV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |interrogative pronoun *mV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |intestine *[c']VlV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |intestine *ć'VlV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |intestine *ḳUʒwV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |intestines *ḳUʒ́wV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |intestines *ḳVmV stomach, intestines | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |intestines *lVŋ(d)V | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |intestines *oŕV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |jaw, palate *ʔVŋV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |jaw, palate *ʔVŋV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |joint, limb *bVgu | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |joy *bVjV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |joy, desire *bVjV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |juice, ferment *sVḳV ( ~ š-) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |jump, run *lVKV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |kidney, heart *lVŋ(d)V | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |kill *KolV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |kill *ḳVwχV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |knee *bVl(m)V | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |knee, ankle *sVnV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |knife, cut, break *kUŋ[d]V | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |know *ṭanV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |know, hear *ṭanV (?*-ŋ-) know | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |know, name *nerV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |large fish *lVmbV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |large predator *zīwe(ŋkV) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |large predator *zīwe(ŋkV) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |large, heavy *sUrV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |large, heavy *sUrV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |laugh *gUlV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |laugh, merry *gUlV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |leaf *bolV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |leaf *bolV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |leaf *lVṗV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |leaf tree *ṗVlV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |leaf tree *ṗVlV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |leaf, bark *lVṗV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |leaf, branch *HelV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |leaf, flower *pòŋa ( ~ *p`-) 'bud' | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |leaf; reed? *HVrVlV (*HVlVrV) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |leg *ɫaḳV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |leg *ɫaḳV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |leg, arm *ḳVwlV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |leg, limb *ḳVwlV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |level ground *ṭalV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |lick *laḳV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |lick *laḳV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |lick *lašV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |lick *lašV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |lick, drink *talV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |lie *ḳVwjV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |light, burn *Howri | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |light, burn *Howri | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |light, loose *SulV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |light, shine *HVlV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |light, shine *HVlV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |light, shine *jVḳV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |light, shine *jVḳV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |light, shine *mVlV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |limb *ṗVHdV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |lip, soft excrescence *kanpV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |lip, soft excrescence *kanpV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |liquid *GurV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |liquid *GurV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |liquid *lVṭV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |liquid *lVṭV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |liquid *sVwV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |liquid *śVwV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |liquid, dirt *lVḳwV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |liquid, flow *L[ä]jV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |liver *pi̯ā̀ki liver | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |liver *ponta | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |liver, belly *tVrV(ŋV) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |liver, intestines *mVLV blood, marrow | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |lizard, slug *mVxlV ( ~ *mVlxV) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |lizard, worm *mVxlV ( ~ *mVlxV) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |loins, groin *zVmV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |long *tel(ḥ)V | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |long *tel(ḥ)V | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |long bone *śVnV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |long hair, tail *[s]VPV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |long, far *ḳUlV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |long, high *HVgU | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |long, wide *wVŕV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |long, wide *wVŕV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |loose *SulV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |loose(n) *lVCV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |louse *pVN(T)V | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |louse *ṭäjV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |louse *ṭäjV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |louse, nit *ñejV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |love, good *ʔVjV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |luminary *mVnzV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |luminary *mVnʒ́V | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |lung, liver *pVjLV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |lung, spleen *pVjLV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |male *gVntV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |male *gVntV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |male, male child *mVḳV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |man *ḳaćV ( ~ -ć`-) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |man *mänV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |man *mänV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |many *m[o]nV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |many *m[o]nV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |many *ṗalV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |many *ṗV(H)- | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |many, big *bVtV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |many, full *ṗalV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |marsh *[sw]VjmV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |marsh, uncultivated land *[sw]VjmV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |marten *ḳ[u]nV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |marten *ḳ[u]nV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |meat *ńVḳV(rV) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |meat *sUḳV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |meat *ʔomsV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |meat *ʔomśV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |meat, animal *cVč𝑉čV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |meat, deer *sUḳV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |meat, liver *mVḳV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |meat, liver *mVḳV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |meat, roe, intestines *ńVḳV(rV) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |member of the clan *ʔarV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |moisture *mVtV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |moisture *mVtV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |moon, heavenly body *ṭVlgV(nV) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |moon, luminary *ṭVlgV(nV) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |morning *ṗuKdV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |morning / evening *HamV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |morning ~ evening *SVKV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |morning, clear sky *ŋańV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |moth *kuńV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |mother *ʔVjV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |mother *ʔVjV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |mother *ʔVmV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |mother, woman *ʔVmV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |mountain *balV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |mountain *malV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |mountain *malV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |mountain *wVrV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |mountain *wVrV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |mountain, high *TVGV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |mountain, hill *balV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |mountain, hill *gʷVrV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |mountain, hill *gʷVrV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |mountain, top *ṗVrV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |mountain, top *ṗVrV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |mouse *cVḳV ( ~ *c`-) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |mouse, squirrel *CVḳV (also *cwVkV ( ~ čw-)) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |mouse, squirrel *gʷVĺV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |mouth *[s]UwV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |mouth, hole *HVwV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |mouth, hole *HVwV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |mouth; eat *č`VmV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |mouth; speak *ʔVpV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |mouth; to speak *ʔVpV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |mud, dung *ḳorV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |mud; gum, resin *ṗoŋV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |multitude; be satiated *HVwV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |mushroom, fungus *pUtV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |mushroom, sponge *pUtV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |naked, take off clothes *luku | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |name *ĺVm(ŋ)V | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |name *ĺVm(ŋ)V | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |name *ṗVtV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |name, call *ṗVtV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |name, shape *šamV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |nape, back *[s]VKV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |nape, back *śVKV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |nape; back *dVgV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |narrow *č`VnV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |narrow *ṭijV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |narrow, thin *č`VnV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |near *ʔVbV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |neck *ḳVlV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |neck, collar *kVŋkV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |neck, throat *HVŋV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |neck, throat *ḳVlV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |neck, vertebra *nVKV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |negative particle *ʔVlV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |negative particle *ʔVlV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |negative verb *ʔe | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |new *žVjŋV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |new, fresh *CVrV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|good | |new, good *žVjŋV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |new, young *CVrV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |new, young *wVlV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |night *HUdV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |night *kVcwV ( ~ -čw-) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |night *lVlV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |night *lVlV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |night, dawn *ŋańV 'morning, clear sky' | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |night, sleep *HUdV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |night, sleep *zVNV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |night, sleep *ʒ́iNV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |night, sleep *ʔamV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |nit *ñejV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |nit, louse *sajrV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |nit, louse *sajrV ( ~ *ś-) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |nose *ḳVŋV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |nose *ḳVŋV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |nose *ne(H)wRV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |nose *ŋVkCV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |nose *wiKV (*ujKV) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |nose *wiKV (*ujKV) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |nose, nostril *CVxrV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |nose, nostril *cwVxrV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |not *ʔVnV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |not, negative particle *ʔVnV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |not, negative verb *ʔe | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |notch, sign *gVrVbV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |now; new *nVwV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |now; new *nVwV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |numerous, full *tVrV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |nut, fruit *ar- 'nut' | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |old *gwVrV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |old *gwVrV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |old *zVr(d)V | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |one *sem- | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |one *ʔUdV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |one *ʔUdV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |one *ʔVrV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |one *ʔVrV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |one, finger *dwV(j)ḳV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |one, finger (?) *dwV(j)ḳV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |one, self *ʔo(ŋ)nV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |onion, odorous grass *sUŋV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |open *ṗan[c]V | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |open space *ʔVrHV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |open space *ʔVrHV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |open, hole *HangV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |open; hole *ʔaḳa | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |order, custom *nerV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |original place *ni̯VnV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |other *aĺV other side | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |other *gUjV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |other *gwVjV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |pain, wound *mVnḳV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |painful state, grief *gilV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |painful state, grief *gilV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |pair, one of a pair *gagtV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |palate, tongue *ŋVnV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |palate, tongue *ŋVnV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |palm *caʷlǝʒǝ- hand, *cälmǝ palm | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |palm (of hand) *ṗVlŋV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |palm of hand, handful *ṗVlŋV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |part of face *ńVjlV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |part of nose *ŋVk[čw]V | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |part of nose *t`ā́nV ( ~ -ē-) (?) part of nose | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |part of shoulder *čVKV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |part of shoulder, joint *čVKV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |paw, grasp *gEpSV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |paw, hand *gEpčwV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |peg, nail *ɣoŋɣV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |peg, nail *ḳUjḳV peg, nail (also *kikV 'bite', *ḳVkV 'break, peck') | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |peg, root *ḳUjḳV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |penis *bVĺV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |penis *bVĺV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |penis *ṗacV ( ~ -c`-, -č-) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |penis *ṗaćV ( ~ -ć`-, -č-) (also *pVjcV ( ~ -č-)) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |people, army *čVbV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |place *baja | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |place *baja | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |pleasure, satisfaction *ṭVrṗV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |plenty, abundant *malV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |pond *küɫä | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |pond *küɫä | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |pool, low ground *laḳwV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |pool, low ground *laḳwV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |pot *ṗVdV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |pot *ṗVdV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |pot *pVNV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |pray *mVlV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |prohibitive / negative particle *ma | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |prohibitive particle, not *ma | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |pus, rot *[č]iru | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |pus, rot *Ciru | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |push, move *ńukV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |quick *ṭurV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |quick *ṭurV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |quick, swift *pV[ṭ]V | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |rain, fog, steam *musV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |rain, pour *HVrćV ( ~ -ć`-) (also *rVCV) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |rare *HVrV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |rare, new *HVrV rare | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |reed *HVrVlV (*HVlVrV) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |relative-in-law *tajV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |ring, hook *ḳVCV (also *kVCV) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |ring, spool *ḳVč`V | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |rise *ŋwVkV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |rise, stand up *HVgU | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |rise, up *ʔVpV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |rise, up *ʔVpV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |road *ʔur(H)V | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |road *ʔur(H)V | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |road, walk *mVrV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |rod, strap *lVgV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |rod, strap *lVgV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |roe; inside *t`VrV(ŋV) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |root, bone (?) *tV(H)mV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |root, bone (??) *tV(H)mV root, bone | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |root, herb *wVr[t]V | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |root, herb *wVr[t]V | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |root, seed > settlement *aHulV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |root, sprout *ḲurV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |root, stalk *ḲurV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |rope, thread *wVŕV ( ~ *HuŕV) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |round *ḳoĺV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |round *ḳoĺV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |round *ṭompV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |round, convex *ṭompV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |rump, buttocks *kuNṭV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|rump, neck *nVKV | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |run *bok[a] | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |run *bok[a] | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |run, drive *ʔurKV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |sack, bag *lVmV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |salt *CalV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |salt, bitter *sVbV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |salt, sea *čwalV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |salty, sour *č`VmV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |salty, sour *cwVwVrV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |sand *ki[ǯ]V | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |sand *kiCV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |satisfaction *ṭVrṗV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |say *tVHV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |say, call *wVḳV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |say, sound *čVwV ( ~ *č`-) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |say, sound *čVwV ( ~ *č`-) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |scab *pVkV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|scatter, sift *ś(w)VcwV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|scrape, scraper *ḳwVnCV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|scrape, scraper *ḳwVncwV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|scratch *wVrcwV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|scratch, scrape *ḳVSV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|scratch, scrape *wVrcwV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|sea *jamV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|sea, shallow *sVjɣwV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|sea, water *jamV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|sea, water *sVjɣwV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|second person pronoun *χwV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|second person pronoun, thou *nV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|second person pronoun, thou *si | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|second person pronoun, thou *ṭ[u] | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|see, eye *ʔVnjV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|seed, kin *ṗVrV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|seed, kin *ṗVrV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|seed; to sift *sVjHV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|seize *HamV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|self *ʔo(ŋ)nV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|separate, split *bedV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|settlement *aHulV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|settlement *palVHV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|settlement *palVHV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|shape *šamV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|sharp *Hoḳi | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|sharp object *CVNV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|sharp point, tooth *Hoḳi | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|sharp stick *c`iĺV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|sharp stick *c`iĺV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|sharp, to whet *pVxwV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|sharp, to whet *pVxwV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|shell *kV(n)ḳV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|shell, bark *kV(n)ḳV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|shin, shank *ḳVnčV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|shin, thigh *ḳVnčV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|shine, bright *bVrḳV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|shine, burn *mVlV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|shine, burn (several roots?) *belV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|shine, glitter *belV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|shine, glitter *laṗV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|shine, light *bVɣV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|shine, light *bVɣV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|shine; burn *leuk- | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|shoulder *tVlV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|shoulder, arm *tVlV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|shoulder, shoulder-blade *ṗVŋV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|shout *rewǝ- shout, roar | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|show, point at *tVjḳV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|sick, ill *ēco ( ~ -ć-, -č-) | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|side *bVḳV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|side (of body) *bVḳV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|sinew; root *SirV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|sinew; root *SirV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|single, first *sVnV ( ~ ś-, š-, ć`-) | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|single; apart, asunder *sVnV ( ~ š-, c`-) | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|sister, woman? *SäwCV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|sister, woman? *SäwCV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|skin *ḲaĺV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|skin *ḲaĺV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|skin *perV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|skin *perV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|skin *ṗVtV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|skin *ṗVtV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|skin *ṭVlV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|skin *ṭVlV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|skin, bark *pVkV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|skin, crust, peel *kamV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|skin, hair *ṭVwq̇V | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|skin, hair on body *ṭVwq̇V | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|skin, husk *kamV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|skull *ḳapV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|sky, cloud *HaḳumV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|sky, cloud *HaḳumV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|slanting *kVCV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|sleep *ʔamV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|slide, creep *[ʒ]VlV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|slime *SVlV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|slime, dirt *SVlV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|small *cVḳV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|small *CVḳV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|small *ḳVṭV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|small *ṭijV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|small bird *ciṗV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|small bird *ciṗV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|small female animal *ṗenV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|small, thin, short *ṭVnV | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|small, young *ḳVṭV | |small, young *ḳVṭV | ||
|small | | | ||
|small | |- | ||
| | |||
|small; child *pVwjV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|small; child *pVwjV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|smear *cwVHmV | |smear *cwVHmV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|smear, fat *mVjrV | |smear, fat *mVjrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|smear, fat *mVjrV | |smear, fat *mVjrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|smear; fat *ć`ämV | |smear; fat *ć`ämV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|smell *[s]VwHV | |smell *[s]VwHV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|smell *ṗunV | |smell *ṗunV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|smell *sun(g)V | |smell *sun(g)V | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|smell *śun(g)V | |smell *śun(g)V | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|smell, breathe, smoke *ṗunV | |smell, breathe, smoke *ṗunV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|smile *mUc`V ( ~ -s-) | |smile *mUc`V ( ~ -s-) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|smoke *ǯun[k]V | |smoke *ǯun[k]V | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|smoke *ǯun[k]V | |smoke *ǯun[k]V | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|smoke, cloud *nVbV | |smoke, cloud *nVbV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|smoke, cloud *nVbV | |smoke, cloud *nVbV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|smooth *gVlV | |smooth *gVlV | ||
| | | | ||
|snake *nētr- 'snake' | |- | ||
|snake *ṗVjmV | | | ||
|something sharp *CVNV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|snake *nētr- 'snake' | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|snake *ṗVjmV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|snake *ʔanKV | |snake *ʔanKV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|snake *ʔanKV | |snake *ʔanKV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|snake, eel *lVmbV | |snake, eel *lVmbV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|soft, fragile *lVmV | |soft, fragile *lVmV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|soft, mild *mVlV | |soft, mild *mVlV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|soft, weak *lVjńV | |soft, weak *lVjńV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|soft, wet *LVṗV | |soft, wet *LVṗV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|soft, wet *LVṗV | |soft, wet *LVṗV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|soul, breath *mùsi 'steam, spirit' | |soul, breath *mùsi 'steam, spirit' | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|sour *CVwVrV | |sour *CVwVrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|sour, bitter *č`VmV | |sour, bitter *č`VmV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|sour, ferment *sVḳV ( ~ ś-, š-, ć`-) | |sour, ferment *sVḳV ( ~ ś-, š-, ć`-) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|span *ṭVgV | |span *ṭVgV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|span *ṭVgV | |span *ṭVgV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|speak, say, sound *jVnV | |speak, say, sound *jVnV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|speak, sound *jVnV | |speak, sound *jVnV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|spin, twist *ṗuNV | |spin, twist *ṗuNV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|spin, twist *ṗuNV | |spin, twist *ṗuNV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|spirit *cwVnV | |spirit *cwVnV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|spit *ṭupV | |spit *ṭupV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|spit *ṭupV | |spit *ṭupV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|spit, fang *ḳiwHV | |spit, fang *ḳiwHV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|spit, fang *ḳiwHV | |spit, fang *ḳiwHV | ||
|spleen *lVṗV | | | ||
|spleen *lVṗV | |- | ||
| | |||
|spleen *lVṗV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|spleen *lVṗV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|spleen *tV(H)ʎV | |spleen *tV(H)ʎV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|spleen, liver *tV(H)ʎV | |spleen, liver *tV(H)ʎV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|split *cVlV | |split *cVlV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|split, tear off *CVlV | |split, tear off *CVlV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|spread *ṗVrjV | |spread *ṗVrjV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|spread, extend *CVχrV | |spread, extend *CVχrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|spread, long *pVdV | |spread, long *pVdV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|spring *PVnV | |spring *PVnV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|spring, flow *bira (*bujra) | |spring, flow *bira (*bujra) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|spring, flow *bira (*bujra) | |spring, flow *bira (*bujra) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|sprinkle *p`iSV | |sprinkle *p`iSV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|sprinkle *p`isV | |sprinkle *p`isV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|stalk *kanVbV | |stalk *kanVbV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|stalk, peg *kanVbV | |stalk, peg *kanVbV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|stand *čwVrV | |stand *čwVrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|star *dVštV | |star *dVštV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|star, luminary *HVzwVrV | |star, luminary *HVzwVrV | ||
|star, moon *dV[š]tV | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|star, moon *dV[š]tV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|star, shine *HVźVrV | |star, shine *HVźVrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|stem, board *ṭVlV | |stem, board *ṭVlV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|steppe, valley, meadow *ColV | |steppe, valley, meadow *ColV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|steppe, valley, meadow *ColV | |steppe, valley, meadow *ColV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|stick *bVč`V | |stick *bVč`V | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|stick *ḳVlV | |stick *ḳVlV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|stick *ḳVlV | |stick *ḳVlV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|stick into, pierce *bedV | |stick into, pierce *bedV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|stick, pole *bVč`V | |stick, pole *bVč`V | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|stick, tree *ḳUrV | |stick, tree *ḳUrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|stick, tree *ḳUrV | |stick, tree *ḳUrV | ||
|stomach, intestines *ḳVmV | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|stomach, intestines *ḳVmV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|stone *ḳElV | |stone *ḳElV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|stone *kiwV | |stone *kiwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|stone *ṭ/aj/lV | |stone *ṭ/aj/lV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|stone *ṭ/aj/lV | |stone *ṭ/aj/lV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|stone, hill *bVgV ( ~ -ɣ-) | |stone, hill *bVgV ( ~ -ɣ-) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|stone, mountain *kiwV | |stone, mountain *kiwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|stone, rock *ḳElV | |stone, rock *ḳElV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|storm *burV ( >> *p-) | |storm *burV ( >> *p-) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|storm *burV ( >> *p-) | |storm *burV ( >> *p-) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|stream, flow of water *Huwa | |stream, flow of water *Huwa | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|stream, flow of water *Huwa | |stream, flow of water *Huwa | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|stump *ṭumgV | |stump *ṭumgV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|stump, trunk *ṭumgV | |stump, trunk *ṭumgV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|suck *SUṗV | |suck *SUṗV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|suck *zUkV | |suck *zUkV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|suck, swallow *muḳV swallow, gobble | |suck, swallow *muḳV swallow, gobble | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|sufficient, complete *eli | |sufficient, complete *eli | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|sun *si̯aχu (-ɣ-) | |sun *si̯aχu (-ɣ-) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|sun *si̯aχu (-ɣ-) | |sun *si̯aχu (-ɣ-) | ||
|sun, day *daŋ 'dawn'; | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|sun, day *daŋ 'dawn'; *tianta 'sun' | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|swamp *laHm[u] | |swamp *laHm[u] | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|swamp *laHm[u] | |swamp *laHm[u] | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|sweep *šwxVjṗV | |sweep *šwxVjṗV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|sweet *cwVtu | |sweet *cwVtu | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|sweet, tasty *cwVtu | |sweet, tasty *cwVtu | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|tail *ḳudV | |tail *ḳudV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|tail *ḳudV | |tail *ḳudV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|tail *toḳE | |tail *toḳE | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|tail *toḳE | |tail *toḳE | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|tail, (long) hair *ṗVńcwV ( ~ -ćw−,−č𝑤-,-čw-, -ǯ-) | |tail, (long) hair *ṗVńcwV ( ~ -ćw−,−č𝑤-,-čw-, -ǯ-) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|tail, back *śVrV back | |tail, back *śVrV back | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|take *ga | |take *ga | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|take *ʔanV | |take *ʔanV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|take, bring *gerV | |take, bring *gerV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|take, bring *tVKV | |take, bring *tVKV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|take, carry *ʔVpV | |take, carry *ʔVpV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|take, get *gVṭV | |take, get *gVṭV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|take, grasp *kantV | |take, grasp *kantV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|take, seize *ʔVpV | |take, seize *ʔVpV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|taste *ṭVHmV | |taste *ṭVHmV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|taste *xamV, *xamŋV; *xamŋV 'mouth' | |taste *xamV, *xamŋV; *xamŋV 'mouth' | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|temple, hair on temple *cVḳV | |temple, hair on temple *cVḳV | ||
|ten, many *ṗV(H)- | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|ten, many *ṗV(H)- | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|tent *ʔU[ṭ]V | |tent *ʔU[ṭ]V | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|testicle *ḳoĺV | |testicle *ḳoĺV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|testiculus *ḳoĺV | |testiculus *ḳoĺV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|that, that near *ʔVbV | |that, that near *ʔVbV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|that, this *ʔa (*ʔe) | |that, this *ʔa (*ʔe) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|that, this *ʔu | |that, this *ʔu | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|that, this *ʔu | |that, this *ʔu | ||
|that, this *ʔa (*ʔe) ( | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|that, this *ʔa (*ʔe) (probably *Ha that, *He this) | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|thick *ṭujV (*ṭVwjV) | |thick *ṭujV (*ṭVwjV) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|thick *ṭVkV | |thick *ṭVkV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|thick, full *ṭVkV | |thick, full *ṭVkV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|thick, swell *bongä | |thick, swell *bongä | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|thick, swell *bongä | |thick, swell *bongä | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|thigh *bVgtV | |thigh *bVgtV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|thigh *bVgtV | |thigh *bVgtV | ||
|thigh, leg | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|thigh, leg *ṗVǯkV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|thigh, rump *ṗVǯkV | |thigh, rump *ṗVǯkV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|thin *cUṗV | |thin *cUṗV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|thin *ṭVnV | |thin *ṭVnV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|thin, narrow *ćUṗV | |thin, narrow *ćUṗV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|thing *HVdV | |thing *HVdV | ||
|thing; | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|thing; interrogative stem *HVdV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|third person pronoun *sV | |third person pronoun *sV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|this *cV ( ~ č-) | |this *cV ( ~ č-) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|this *cV ( ~ č-, ć-) | |this *cV ( ~ č-, ć-) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|this *ḳV | |this *ḳV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|this *ʔi (*hi) | |this *ʔi (*hi) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|this *ʔi (*hi) | |this *ʔi (*hi) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|thorn *ʒwVgV | |thorn *ʒwVgV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|thorn *ʒ́wVgV | |thorn *ʒ́wVgV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|thorny bush *NEḳrV | |thorny bush *NEḳrV | ||
|thou ( | | | ||
|thou [second | |- | ||
|thou [second | | | ||
|throat *HVŋV | |thou (oblique forms) [second person pronoun] *χwV | ||
|throat, intestines *kUṭV | | | ||
|throat, swallow *kUlV | |- | ||
|throat, to swallow *kUlV | | | ||
|thou [second person pronoun] *nV thou | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|thou [second person pronoun] *ṭ[u] | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|throat *HVŋV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|throat, intestines *kUṭV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|throat, swallow *kUlV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|throat, to swallow *kUlV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|tickle *cVḳV | |tickle *cVḳV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|tie, weave *tVḳV | |tie, weave *tVḳV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|tip, spout *CVCV | |tip, spout *CVCV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|tip, spout *čVčV | |tip, spout *čVčV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to approach, follow *ŋāńi | |to approach, follow *ŋāńi | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to ask, pray *ṗVrXV | |to ask, pray *ṗVrXV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to ask, pray *ṗVrXV | |to ask, pray *ṗVrXV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to bare teeth *mUCV | |to bare teeth *mUCV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to be *buHi | |to be *buHi | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to be *woɣlV | |to be *woɣlV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to be *woɣlV | |to be *woɣlV | ||
|to be *ʔa | | | ||
|to be *ʔa | |- | ||
| | |||
|to be *ʔa | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to be *ʔa | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to be *ʔesA | |to be *ʔesA | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to be *ʔesA | |to be *ʔesA | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to be angry *kVCV | |to be angry *kVCV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to be angry, hostile *kVCV | |to be angry, hostile *kVCV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to be completed, exhausted *ṭVkV | |to be completed, exhausted *ṭVkV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to be lost, exhausted *ṭVkV | |to be lost, exhausted *ṭVkV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to be mad, stupid *buḳV | |to be mad, stupid *buḳV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to be visible *HwVlV | |to be visible *HwVlV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to be well *c`olHV | |to be well *c`olHV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to be well *ColHV | |to be well *ColHV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to be, live *ʔelA | |to be, live *ʔelA | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to be, live *ʔelA | |to be, live *ʔelA | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to bear *š[e]wV | |to bear *š[e]wV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to bear *š[e]wV | |to bear *š[e]wV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to bear *ṭVlV | |to bear *ṭVlV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to bear, lift *ṭVlV | |to bear, lift *ṭVlV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to beat *ṗVṭV | |to beat *ṗVṭV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to beat *ṗVṭV | |to beat *ṗVṭV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to beat, hit *ḳVwχV | |to beat, hit *ḳVwχV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to bend *büḲa | |to bend *büḲa | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to bend *cVḳV | |to bend *cVḳV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to bend *Garḳu | |to bend *Garḳu | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to bend *Garḳu | |to bend *Garḳu | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to bend *guḳa | |to bend *guḳa | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to bend *guḳa | |to bend *guḳa | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to bend *güpA | |to bend *güpA | ||
|to bend *ḳVlV | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to bend *ḳVlV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to bend *ḳVŋV | |to bend *ḳVŋV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to bend *ɫoŋḳa | |to bend *ɫoŋḳa | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to bend, bow *ɫoŋḳa | |to bend, bow *ɫoŋḳa | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to bend, turn *KUrV | |to bend, turn *KUrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to bend; hump, heap *güpA | |to bend; hump, heap *güpA | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to bind, girdle *KuTV | |to bind, girdle *KuTV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to bind, harness *taxlwV | |to bind, harness *taxlwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to bite *kikV | |to bite *kikV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to bite, taste *ṭVHmV | |to bite, taste *ṭVHmV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to blink, shine, shade *c`ajV | |to blink, shine, shade *c`ajV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to blink, shine, shade *CajV | |to blink, shine, shade *CajV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to blow *dVwɣV | |to blow *dVwɣV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to blow *p`uSV | |to blow *p`uSV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to blow *p`uSV | |to blow *p`uSV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to blow *ṗuɣV | |to blow *ṗuɣV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to blow *ṗuɣV | |to blow *ṗuɣV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to blow, shake *dVwɣV | |to blow, shake *dVwɣV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to blow, winnow *Hewa | |to blow, winnow *Hewa | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to blow, winnow *Hewa | |to blow, winnow *Hewa | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to boil, foam *ḳüpä | |to boil, foam *ḳüpä | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to boil, foam *ḳüpä | |to boil, foam *ḳüpä | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to boil, roast *gVbV | |to boil, roast *gVbV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to bore, dig *lUŋ(k)V | |to bore, dig *lUŋ(k)V | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to bow, bend *cVḳV | |to bow, bend *cVḳV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to break, crumble *ṗVSV | |to break, crumble *ṗVSV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to break, cut, wound *ʔVrHwV | |to break, cut, wound *ʔVrHwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to break, scatter, tear *ʔVrHwV | |to break, scatter, tear *ʔVrHwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to breathe *HwinV | |to breathe *HwinV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to breathe *ʔanqV | |to breathe *ʔanqV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to breathe *ʔanqV | |to breathe *ʔanqV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to burn */ḳ/alV | |to burn */ḳ/alV | ||
|to burn *ć`wVwV ( | | | ||
|to burn *cwVwV ( | |- | ||
| | |||
|to burn *ć`wVwV (*HVwć'wV) | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to burn *cwVwV (*HVwcwV) | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to burn *dekO | |to burn *dekO | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to burn *dekO | |to burn *dekO | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to burn *Hase | |to burn *Hase | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to burn *HaSe | |to burn *HaSe | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to burn *ḳVńV | |to burn *ḳVńV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to burn *ṗVdwV | |to burn *ṗVdwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to burn *ṭülV | |to burn *ṭülV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to burn, bake *kVwrV | |to burn, bake *kVwrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to burn, bake *kVwrV | |to burn, bake *kVwrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to burn, boil *ḳVju | |to burn, boil *ḳVju | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to burn, flash *CVlV | |to burn, flash *CVlV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to burn, heat *gVbV | |to burn, heat *gVbV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to burn, sun *nVjV | |to burn, sun *nVjV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to burst, split (many roots) *paḳV | |to burst, split (many roots) *paḳV | ||
|to call *CVḥV | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to call *CVḥV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to call *gVjwV | |to call *gVjwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to call *gVjwV | |to call *gVjwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to call *ḳErV | |to call *ḳErV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to call *ḳErV | |to call *ḳErV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to care *č`VrV | |to care *č`VrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to care *čVrV | |to care *čVrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to change, borrow *HVrV | |to change, borrow *HVrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to change, distribute *HVrV | |to change, distribute *HVrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to chew *käjwV (?-b-) | |to chew *käjwV (?-b-) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to collect, count *lVkV | |to collect, count *lVkV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to collect, count *lVkV | |to collect, count *lVkV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to collect, put *ṗanV | |to collect, put *ṗanV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to complete *muṭV | |to complete *muṭV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to cover *ḳa(j)dV | |to cover *ḳa(j)dV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to cover, protect *ḳVrV | |to cover, protect *ḳVrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to covet sexually *gʷVnV | |to covet sexually *gʷVnV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to covet sexually *gʷVnV | |to covet sexually *gʷVnV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to cross, other side *aĺV | |to cross, other side *aĺV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to crush *pi(u)čV | |to crush *pi(u)čV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to crush, press *ṗVjńV | |to crush, press *ṗVjńV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to crush, squeeze *pi(u)CV | |to crush, squeeze *pi(u)CV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to cry *muɣrV | |to cry *muɣrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to cry, shout *ḳVwV | |to cry, shout *ḳVwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to curse, be angry *jVrV | |to curse, be angry *jVrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to cut *ɣVcV ( ~ -c`-) | |to cut *ɣVcV ( ~ -c`-) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to cut *ɣVčV ( ~ -č`-) | |to cut *ɣVčV ( ~ -č`-) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to cut *ḳVć`V | |to cut *ḳVć`V | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to cut *mVc`V | |to cut *mVc`V | ||
|to cut *ṭanV | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to cut *ṭanV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to cut, hit, saw *ṗVwV | |to cut, hit, saw *ṗVwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to cut, hit, saw *ṗVwV | |to cut, hit, saw *ṗVwV | ||
|to cut, knife *kVlV | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to cut, knife *kVlV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to cut, sharp *CarV | |to cut, sharp *CarV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to cut, split *sVḳV | |to cut, split *sVḳV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to cut, split *śVḳV | |to cut, split *śVḳV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to cut, tear *mVCV | |to cut, tear *mVCV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to deceive *tVlV | |to deceive *tVlV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to die, kill *KolV | |to die, kill *KolV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to dig, hack *ḳVṗV | |to dig, hack *ḳVṗV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to divide, cut in half *palV | |to divide, cut in half *palV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to drink *jVgU | |to drink *jVgU | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to drink, flow *tVrV | |to drink, flow *tVrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to dry *KVmV | |to dry *KVmV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to dry *šwVrV | |to dry *šwVrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to dry *šwVrV | |to dry *šwVrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to dry up, extinguish *sun(d)V ( ~ š-) | |to dry up, extinguish *sun(d)V ( ~ š-) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to eat *ʒeGV | |to eat *ʒeGV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to eat *ʒeGV | |to eat *ʒeGV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to eat *ʔitV | |to eat *ʔitV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to eat *ʔitV | |to eat *ʔitV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to eat, gulp *ḳVmV | |to eat, gulp *ḳVmV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to eat, gulp *ḳVmV | |to eat, gulp *ḳVmV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to enter, go *ŋēni | |to enter, go *ŋēni | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to fall *ḳVtV | |to fall *ḳVtV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to fall *ṗeṭV | |to fall *ṗeṭV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to fall, (down) *ṗeṭV | |to fall, (down) *ṗeṭV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to fall, fly *ṗVjlV | |to fall, fly *ṗVjlV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to fall, soar *ṗVjlV | |to fall, soar *ṗVjlV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to fear, be angry *belHi | |to fear, be angry *belHi | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to fear, be scared *belHi | |to fear, be scared *belHi | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to ferment, squeeze juice *zUkV | |to ferment, squeeze juice *zUkV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to fill, stuff *ṭVmV | |to fill, stuff *ṭVmV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to finish *ḳUdV | |to finish *ḳUdV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to finish *ḳUdV | |to finish *ḳUdV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to fit, be good *dUgV | |to fit, be good *dUgV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to fit, be good *ḳVnV | |to fit, be good *ḳVnV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to flash, shine *CVlV | |to flash, shine *CVlV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to flow, drip *CurV / *CorV | |to flow, drip *CurV / *CorV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to flow, drip *CurV / *CorV | |to flow, drip *CurV / *CorV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to flow, pour *tUKV | |to flow, pour *tUKV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to follow, send, leave *lVjḳV | |to follow, send, leave *lVjḳV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to follow, send, leave *lVjḳV | |to follow, send, leave *lVjḳV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to get *gVṭV | |to get *gVṭV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to give *be[rH]u | |to give *be[rH]u | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to give *be[rH]u | |to give *be[rH]u | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to give *cwVHV | |to give *cwVHV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to give *dwV[H]V | |to give *dwV[H]V | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to give *dwV[H]V | |to give *dwV[H]V | ||
|to give birth, family *KVmV | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to give birth, family *KVmV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to gnaw *kVngV | |to gnaw *kVngV | ||
|to go *gVwV / *gwVjV | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to go *gVwV / *gwVjV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to go *meŋV | |to go *meŋV | ||
|to go, come *ŋēni ( | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to go, come *ŋēni (also *ŋāńi) | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to go, come *ʒ́wVHV | |to go, come *ʒ́wVHV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to go, come, drive *ʒwVHV | |to go, come, drive *ʒwVHV | ||
|to go, follow *gVwV / *gwVjV | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to go, follow *gVwV / *gwVjV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to go, walk *mVrV | |to go, walk *mVrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to grasp *HaṗV | |to grasp *HaṗV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to grasp *HaṗV | |to grasp *HaṗV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to grasp *ḳaṗV | |to grasp *ḳaṗV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to grasp *ḳaṗV | |to grasp *ḳaṗV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to grasp, seize *[p]itV | |to grasp, seize *[p]itV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to grow *zVr(d)V ( ~ *ʒ-) | |to grow *zVr(d)V ( ~ *ʒ-) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to grow, become *buHi | |to grow, become *buHi | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to hang *tajV | |to hang *tajV | ||
|to hang down; stand | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to hang down; stand *[s]VŋʒwV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to harm, break *kUŋ[d]V | |to harm, break *kUŋ[d]V | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to hate, be annoyed *CVrV | |to hate, be annoyed *CVrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to hate, be annoyed *ǯVrV | |to hate, be annoyed *ǯVrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to hear *ḳiwlV | |to hear *ḳiwlV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to hide, protect *ḳVrV | |to hide, protect *ḳVrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to hide, secret *KuĺV | |to hide, secret *KuĺV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to hit, break *ḳVkV | |to hit, break *ḳVkV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to hit, push *mVqwV | |to hit, push *mVqwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to hold *gerV | |to hold *gerV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to hold, seize *ʔanV | |to hold, seize *ʔanV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to howl, cry *wVlV | |to howl, cry *wVlV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to howl, cry *wVlV | |to howl, cry *wVlV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to join, together *anTV | |to join, together *anTV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to join, together *anTV | |to join, together *anTV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to jump, run *lVKV | |to jump, run *lVKV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to kindle, dry *ḳVs(w)V | |to kindle, dry *ḳVs(w)V | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to know *cwVnV | |to know *cwVnV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to know *g(w)enV | |to know *g(w)enV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to know *g(w)enV | |to know *g(w)enV | ||
|to know, consider *CVḥV | | | ||
|to know, think *ćwVnV ( | |- | ||
| | |||
|to know, consider *CVḥV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to know, think *ćwVnV (also *sVnV) | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to know, think *sVnV | |to know, think *sVnV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to lead *wetV | |to lead *wetV | ||
|to lead, to go *wetV ( | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to lead, to go *wetV (also *dwVwV 'run') | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to let, agree *šVwV | |to let, agree *šVwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to lick *l[a]pV | |to lick *l[a]pV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to lick *talV | |to lick *talV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to lick, swallow *lVm(ŋ)V | |to lick, swallow *lVm(ŋ)V | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to lick; lip *l[a]pV | |to lick; lip *l[a]pV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to lie *ḳVwjV | |to lie *ḳVwjV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to lie, fall down *kVlV | |to lie, fall down *kVlV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to lie, sleep (also 'fall') *kVlV | |to lie, sleep (also 'fall') *kVlV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to listen, hear *alV | |to listen, hear *alV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to listen, hear *alV | |to listen, hear *alV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to live *ḥujV | |to live *ḥujV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to live *ḥujV | |to live *ḥujV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to look, show *tVjḳV | |to look, show *tVjḳV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to lose, hide *KuĺV | |to lose, hide *KuĺV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to make *wärV | |to make *wärV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to make *wärV | |to make *wärV | ||
|to marry *KVmV | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to marry *KVmV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to match, fit *ḳVnV | |to match, fit *ḳVnV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to melt, flow *dVnV | |to melt, flow *dVnV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to melt, flow *dVnV | |to melt, flow *dVnV | ||
|to mix, join *kalV | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to mix, join *kalV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to move *SVlV | |to move *SVlV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to move *SVlV | |to move *SVlV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to move quickly *ńowda | |to move quickly *ńowda | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to move quickly, pursue *ńowda | |to move quickly, pursue *ńowda | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to move, push *mVqwV | |to move, push *mVqwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to move, step *ćeKV | |to move, step *ćeKV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to open, spread *ṗanCV | |to open, spread *ṗanCV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to open, spread *ʔaḳa | |to open, spread *ʔaḳa | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to peel, naked *luku | |to peel, naked *luku | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to pierce *CoḳV | |to pierce *CoḳV | ||
|to pierce *CoḳV ( | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to pierce *CoḳV (also *čVḳV) | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to plait *źVḳV | |to plait *źVḳV | ||
|to plait, | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to plait, something plaited *zVḳV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to plait, weave *HUbV | |to plait, weave *HUbV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to plait, weave *HUbV | |to plait, weave *HUbV | ||
|to plait, weave, rope | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to plait, weave, rope *rVCV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to plant vertically *tIgwV | |to plant vertically *tIgwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to polish, rub *ṗIḳV | |to polish, rub *ṗIḳV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to pour *L[ä]jV | |to pour *L[ä]jV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to pour *lVHwV | |to pour *lVHwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to pour *ṗVHV to pour, drink | |to pour *ṗVHV to pour, drink | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to pour, drink *ṗVHV | |to pour, drink *ṗVHV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to pour, drop *tUKV | |to pour, drop *tUKV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to pour, stream *ʒwVHlV | |to pour, stream *ʒwVHlV | ||
|to prepare food *piCV | | | ||
|to prepare food *piCV | |- | ||
| | |||
|to prepare food *piCV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to prepare food *piCV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to press, seize *ńamV | |to press, seize *ńamV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to press, seize *ńamV | |to press, seize *ńamV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to pull *ṭVnV | |to pull *ṭVnV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to pull, stretch *ṭVnV | |to pull, stretch *ṭVnV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to push, beat *nVq̇V | |to push, beat *nVq̇V | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to push, beat *nVq̇V | |to push, beat *nVq̇V | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to push, pull *ńukV | |to push, pull *ńukV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to put *dVʕV (*d[i]ɣV) | |to put *dVʕV (*d[i]ɣV) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to put *dVʕV (*d[i]ɣV) | |to put *dVʕV (*d[i]ɣV) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to put *ṗanV | |to put *ṗanV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to receive (+ bestow) *HVlV | |to receive (+ bestow) *HVlV | ||
|to rise *kVdwV | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to rise *kVdwV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to rise *kVdwV to rise | |to rise *kVdwV to rise | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to rise, raise *ḲaLi | |to rise, raise *ḲaLi | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to rise, raise *ḲaLi | |to rise, raise *ḲaLi | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to rise; move, go *Horä | |to rise; move, go *Horä | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to roll *HUlV | |to roll *HUlV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to roll *HUlV | |to roll *HUlV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to roll, twist *murV | |to roll, twist *murV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to rub, crumble *ṗVšV | |to rub, crumble *ṗVšV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to rub, scratch *ṗIḳV | |to rub, scratch *ṗIḳV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to run *dwVwV | |to run *dwVwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to run *ḳacwV | |to run *ḳacwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to run *ṭoKV | |to run *ṭoKV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to run *ṭoKV | |to run *ṭoKV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to run *ʔurKV | |to run *ʔurKV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to run, road *ṭVŕgV | |to run, road *ṭVŕgV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to say *tVHV | |to say *tVHV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to say, call *wVḳV | |to say, call *wVḳV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to say, pray *mVlV | |to say, pray *mVlV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to scatter *s(w)VcwV | |to scatter *s(w)VcwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to scrape *ḳirV | |to scrape *ḳirV | ||
|to scrape *ḳirV; | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to scrape *ḳirV; also *gVrV scratch, *gVrVbV notch, sign | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to scrape *ḳV[sw]V | |to scrape *ḳV[sw]V | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to scratch *gVrV | |to scratch *gVrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to scratch *xVḳV | |to scratch *xVḳV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to scratch *xVḳV | |to scratch *xVḳV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to see *ʔVwʒwV(HV) | |to see *ʔVwʒwV(HV) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to see, eye *silV | |to see, eye *silV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to see, eye *wEdwV | |to see, eye *wEdwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to see, eye *ʔVnjV | |to see, eye *ʔVnjV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to see, guard *HwVjV | |to see, guard *HwVjV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to see, guard *HwVjV | |to see, guard *HwVjV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to see, inspect *silV | |to see, inspect *silV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to see, know *šVḳV | |to see, know *šVḳV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to see, know *šVḳV ( ~ *ć`w-) | |to see, know *šVḳV ( ~ *ć`w-) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to see, know, search *wEdwV | |to see, know, search *wEdwV | ||
|to see, perceive *ʔVwCV(HV) ( | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to see, perceive *ʔVwCV(HV) (also *ʔincV) | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to seize, press *[p]itV | |to seize, press *[p]itV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to shake *dVrV | |to shake *dVrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to shine, be visible *nVkV | |to shine, be visible *nVkV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to shine, glitter, flash *laṗV | |to shine, glitter, flash *laṗV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to shout, sound *ḳVwV | |to shout, sound *ḳVwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to sift *sVjHV | |to sift *sVjHV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to sink *č`VṗV | |to sink *č`VṗV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to sink *č`VṗV | |to sink *č`VṗV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to slide, creep *ʒVlV | |to slide, creep *ʒVlV | ||
|to speak *ḥVwV | | | ||
|to speak *ḥVwV | |- | ||
| | |||
|to speak *ḥVwV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to speak *ḥVwV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to speak *watV | |to speak *watV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to speak *watV | |to speak *watV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to speak, shout *sVjwV | |to speak, shout *sVjwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to speak, shout *sVjwV ( ~ *ś-) | |to speak, shout *sVjwV ( ~ *ś-) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to speak, sound *muɣrV | |to speak, sound *muɣrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to spin, plait *wVŕV ( ~ *HuŕV) | |to spin, plait *wVŕV ( ~ *HuŕV) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to spin, wind *KVrV | |to spin, wind *KVrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to split, bore *lUŋ(k)V | |to split, bore *lUŋ(k)V | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to spread *ṗVrjV | |to spread *ṗVrjV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to spread, long *pVdV | |to spread, long *pVdV | ||
|to spread, strew *CVχrV | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to spread, strew *CVχrV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to stand *čwVrV | |to stand *čwVrV | ||
|to stand | | | ||
|to stand, hang down | |- | ||
| | |||
|to stand *sVlV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to stand, hang down *sVŋʒ́V | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to stand, plant vertically *tIgwV | |to stand, plant vertically *tIgwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to stand, rise *ŋwVkV | |to stand, rise *ŋwVkV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to stay *menV | |to stay *menV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to stay, be, stand *nV(w)HV | |to stay, be, stand *nV(w)HV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to stay, reside *menV | |to stay, reside *menV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to stick in, pierce *NEgV | |to stick in, pierce *NEgV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to stick in, pierce *NEgV | |to stick in, pierce *NEgV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to stir, mix *bulV | |to stir, mix *bulV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to stir, puddle *bulV | |to stir, puddle *bulV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to stretch, stand *nV(w)HV | |to stretch, stand *nV(w)HV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to strike fire *cVḳV ( ~ *č-) | |to strike fire *cVḳV ( ~ *č-) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to submerge *kUdV | |to submerge *kUdV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to suck *[c`w]VṗV | |to suck *[c`w]VṗV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to suck *ʔEmV | |to suck *ʔEmV | ||
|to suck | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to suck *CVrbV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to suck, leech *[c]VrbV | |to suck, leech *[c]VrbV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to suffer *C(w)VHrV | |to suffer *C(w)VHrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to suffer *c`VHrV | |to suffer *c`VHrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to suffer *dVwV | |to suffer *dVwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to suffer, die *dVwV | |to suffer, die *dVwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to suffer, die *enV | |to suffer, die *enV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to suffer; pain *enV | |to suffer; pain *enV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to suffice, be full *cwalV | |to suffice, be full *cwalV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to swallow *HVṗV | |to swallow *HVṗV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to swallow *L[ü]ḳa | |to swallow *L[ü]ḳa | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to swallow *L[ü]ḳa | |to swallow *L[ü]ḳa | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to swallow *lVm(ŋ)V | |to swallow *lVm(ŋ)V | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to swallow *Sem[H]V | |to swallow *Sem[H]V | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to swallow *Sem[H]V | |to swallow *Sem[H]V | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to swallow, drink *tVrV | |to swallow, drink *tVrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to swallow, gobble *muḳV | |to swallow, gobble *muḳV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to swallow, throat *balʕ[u] | |to swallow, throat *balʕ[u] | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to swallow, throat *gwVrV | |to swallow, throat *gwVrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to swallow, throat *gwVrV | |to swallow, throat *gwVrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to swallow, throat; pipe *balʕ[u] | |to swallow, throat; pipe *balʕ[u] | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to sweep *swxVjṗV | |to sweep *swxVjṗV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to take *bari | |to take *bari | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to take *bari | |to take *bari | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to take *kantV | |to take *kantV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to take care of, honour *ʔVjsV | |to take care of, honour *ʔVjsV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to take, receive *HVlV | |to take, receive *HVlV | ||
|to taste, eat *č`VmV | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to taste, eat *č`VmV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to taste, sour *xamV | |to taste, sour *xamV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to tear, break, split *p`äŕ[a] | |to tear, break, split *p`äŕ[a] | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to tear, break, split *p`äŕ[a] | |to tear, break, split *p`äŕ[a] | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to tear, rip *ḳV[ǯ]V | |to tear, rip *ḳV[ǯ]V | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to think *manu | |to think *manu | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to think *manu | |to think *manu | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to think, dream *ʒVm(ŋ)V | |to think, dream *ʒVm(ŋ)V | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to tie, bind *ḳVńV | |to tie, bind *ḳVńV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to tie, bind *ḳVńV | |to tie, bind *ḳVńV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to tie, net *taxlwV | |to tie, net *taxlwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to touch *tVKV | |to touch *tVKV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to trace *Koki | |to trace *Koki | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to trace *Koki | |to trace *Koki | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to tremble *dVrV | |to tremble *dVrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to turn round *ṭurV | |to turn round *ṭurV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to turn round *ṭurV | |to turn round *ṭurV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to understand, brain (?) *ʔVŋV | |to understand, brain (?) *ʔVŋV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to understand, see *gUrV | |to understand, see *gUrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to understand, see *gUrV | |to understand, see *gUrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to urinate *swiḳV ( ~ šw-) | |to urinate *swiḳV ( ~ šw-) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to wake *[š]ehŕa | |to wake *[š]ehŕa | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to wake *źwehŕa | |to wake *źwehŕa | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to wake, become clear *ṭVlV | |to wake, become clear *ṭVlV | ||
|to wake; see > eye | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to wake; see > eye *ṭVlV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to walk, go *gVrV | |to walk, go *gVrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to walk, run *gVrV | |to walk, run *gVrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to walk, run *meŋV | |to walk, run *meŋV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to wash, soak *lVHwV | |to wash, soak *lVHwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to weaken, disappear *mVjV | |to weaken, disappear *mVjV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to weaken, disappear *mVjV | |to weaken, disappear *mVjV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to wear out; weak, exhausted *lVCV | |to wear out; weak, exhausted *lVCV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to wear, put on *wVc`V | |to wear, put on *wVc`V | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to weave (a lattice?) *rVcV ( ~ -c`-) | |to weave (a lattice?) *rVcV ( ~ -c`-) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to wink, eyelid *c`VmrV | |to wink, eyelid *c`VmrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to wish *h/a/wV | |to wish *h/a/wV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to wish *wiʎ/g/V | |to wish *wiʎ/g/V | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to wish *wiʎ/g/V | |to wish *wiʎ/g/V | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to wish *h/a/wV | |to wish *h/a/wV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to wish, help *ʔVnV(jV) | |to wish, help *ʔVnV(jV) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to wish, let *šVwV | |to wish, let *šVwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to worry, be stupid *buḳV | |to worry, be stupid *buḳV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to wound, kill *ʔewV | |to wound, kill *ʔewV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to wound, kill *ʔewV | |to wound, kill *ʔewV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|tongue *tilV(ŋV) | |tongue *tilV(ŋV) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|tongue *tilV(ŋV) | |tongue *tilV(ŋV) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|tongue, to speak *Ḳä[lH]ä | |tongue, to speak *Ḳä[lH]ä | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|tongue, to speak *Ḳä[lH]ä | |tongue, to speak *Ḳä[lH]ä | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|tooth *palV | |tooth *palV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|tooth *palV | |tooth *palV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|tooth, peg *ɣoŋɣV | |tooth, peg *ɣoŋɣV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|tooth, sharp edge *ḳVmbV | |tooth, sharp edge *ḳVmbV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|tooth, sharp edge *ḳVmbV | |tooth, sharp edge *ḳVmbV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|top *ḳVḳV | |top *ḳVḳV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|top *ḳVḳV | |top *ḳVḳV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|top *mVĺV | |top *mVĺV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|top of head *KVmPV | |top of head *KVmPV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|top of head *KVmPV | |top of head *KVmPV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|top of head, hair *TUmV | |top of head, hair *TUmV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|top of head, hair of head *TUmV | |top of head, hair of head *TUmV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|top of head, horn *ḳirV | |top of head, horn *ḳirV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|top, summit *cimu ( ~ č-, č`-) | |top, summit *cimu ( ~ č-, č`-) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|touch, plaster *ṭaṗV | |touch, plaster *ṭaṗV | ||
|touch, plaster, attach | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|touch, plaster, attach *ṭaṗV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|tramp, step *ceKV | |tramp, step *ceKV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|tree *ṗUjV | |tree *ṗUjV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|tree *ṗUjV | |tree *ṗUjV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|tree *widV | |tree *widV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|tree, wood *dʷirV | |tree, wood *dʷirV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|tree, wood *dʷirV | |tree, wood *dʷirV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|twig, branch *c`UlV | |twig, branch *c`UlV | ||
|twig, rod *šVṭV | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|twig, rod *šVṭV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|twist *murV | |twist *murV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|twist, weave *tVḳV | |twist, weave *tVḳV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|two *malV | |two *malV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|two *tuʔV ( ~ *tuq̇V) | |two *tuʔV ( ~ *tuq̇V) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|two *tuʔV ( ~ *tuq̇V) | |two *tuʔV ( ~ *tuq̇V) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|two / four / eight *NVlV | |two / four / eight *NVlV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|two, pair *gagtV | |two, pair *gagtV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|two, pair *jVŕV | |two, pair *jVŕV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|two, pair *jVŕV | |two, pair *jVŕV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|understand, brain *ʔVŋV | |understand, brain *ʔVŋV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|ungulate *ʔirV | |ungulate *ʔirV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|ungulate *ʔirV | |ungulate *ʔirV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|upper part of chest, collarbone *kVŋkV | |upper part of chest, collarbone *kVŋkV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|urine, urinate *swiḳV ( ~ šw-) | |urine, urinate *swiḳV ( ~ šw-) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|valley *gowlV | |valley *gowlV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|valley, deep *gowlV | |valley, deep *gowlV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|vessel *kala | |vessel *kala | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|vessel *kala | |vessel *kala | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|vessel *ḳaṗV | |vessel *ḳaṗV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|vessel *ḳaṗV | |vessel *ḳaṗV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|vessel *ḳVwKV | |vessel *ḳVwKV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|village *koṭV | |village *koṭV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|village, house *koṭV | |village, house *koṭV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|village, hut *ḳojmV | |village, hut *ḳojmV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|vulva *p`u[ṭ]V | |vulva *p`u[ṭ]V | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|vulva *pVjcV ( ~ -č-) | |vulva *pVjcV ( ~ -č-) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|wake *ṗuKdV | |wake *ṗuKdV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|walk, roam, ford *kä[lH]V | |walk, roam, ford *kä[lH]V | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|walk, roam, ford *kä[lH]V | |walk, roam, ford *kä[lH]V | ||
|walk, run, road (several roots? assimilations | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|walk, run, road (several roots? assimilations) *ṭVŕgV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|warm *kačV 'warm' | |warm *kačV 'warm' | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|warm *lVmV | |warm *lVmV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|warm *ṭ[ä]pV | |warm *ṭ[ä]pV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|warm *ṭ[ä]pV | |warm *ṭ[ä]pV | ||
|wash *bVnV | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|wash *bVnV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|wash *mVs(k)V ( ~ -ʒ-) | |wash *mVs(k)V ( ~ -ʒ-) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|wash *mVś(k)V ( ~ -ʒ́-) | |wash *mVś(k)V ( ~ -ʒ́-) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|wash, flow *HVrcV ( ~ -c`-) | |wash, flow *HVrcV ( ~ -c`-) | ||
|water *bVnV | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|water *bVnV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|water *wetV | |water *wetV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|water *wetV | |water *wetV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|water *ʕEḳu | |water *ʕEḳu | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|water *ʕEḳu | |water *ʕEḳu | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|water, pour *ʒwVHlV | |water, pour *ʒwVHlV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|water, to submerge *kUdV | |water, to submerge *kUdV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|water, wet *mEwV | |water, wet *mEwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|water, wet *mEwV | |water, wet *mEwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|we (pronoun) *wV | |we (pronoun) *wV | ||
|we, I [first | | | ||
|weak *HalV ( | |- | ||
| | |||
|we, I [first person pronoun] *wV we | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|weak *HalV (also *lVjV) | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|weak *lVjV | |weak *lVjV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|weak *ṭVrV | |weak *ṭVrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|weak, lax *lVjńV | |weak, lax *lVjńV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|weak, tired *HalV | |weak, tired *HalV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|weak, tired, dead *ŋVwV | |weak, tired, dead *ŋVwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|weak, young *ṭVrV | |weak, young *ṭVrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|wear, dress *wVCV | |wear, dress *wVCV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|weary, tired *ēco ( ~ -č-) | |weary, tired *ēco ( ~ -č-) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|wet *(H)wiɫV | |wet *(H)wiɫV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|wet *(H)wiɫV wet | |wet *(H)wiɫV wet | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|wet *mäŕä | |wet *mäŕä | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|wet *mäŕä | |wet *mäŕä | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|wet *mVk`V | |wet *mVk`V | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|what, interrogative pronoun *mV | |what, interrogative pronoun *mV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|white *swVḳV ( ~ cw−,č𝑤-,čw-) | |white *swVḳV ( ~ cw−,č𝑤-,čw-) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|white, clean *swVḳV ( ~ cw-,čw-) | |white, clean *swVḳV ( ~ cw-,čw-) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|who *CV | |who *CV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|who, what *ḳV | |who, what *ḳV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|whole *ḳVĺwV | |whole *ḳVĺwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|whole, all, combine *ḳVĺwV | |whole, all, combine *ḳVĺwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|whole, full *ćwalV | |whole, full *ćwalV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|wide *ṗaṭV | |wide *ṗaṭV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|wide, open *ṗaṭV | |wide, open *ṗaṭV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|willow *čwalV | |willow *čwalV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|willow *čwalV | |willow *čwalV | ||
|wind, to blow *CalV | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|wind, to blow *CalV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|wing; arm *gara | |wing; arm *gara | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|winter ~ spring *PVnV | |winter ~ spring *PVnV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|winter, cold *gImV | |winter, cold *gImV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|winter, cold *gImV | |winter, cold *gImV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|wish *ʔVnV(jV) | |wish *ʔVnV(jV) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|wolf, dog *ḲüjnA | |wolf, dog *ḲüjnA | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|wolf, dog *ḲüjnA | |wolf, dog *ḲüjnA | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|woman *k/u/nV | |woman *k/u/nV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|woman *k/u/nV | |woman *k/u/nV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|woman, female *nVzV ( ~ -ʒ-) | |woman, female *nVzV ( ~ -ʒ-) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|wood *widV | |wood *widV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|worm *ḲorV | |worm *ḲorV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|worm *ḲorV | |worm *ḲorV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|worm *kuńV (if < *kuj-nV?) | |worm *kuńV (if < *kuj-nV?) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|worm *mVṭV | |worm *mVṭV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|worm *mVṭV | |worm *mVṭV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|worm *ṗäri | |worm *ṗäri | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|worm *ṗäri | |worm *ṗäri | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|worm, insect *ḳwVŋV | |worm, insect *ḳwVŋV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|worm, insect *ŋalmV | |worm, insect *ŋalmV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|year *w[e]ṭV | |year *w[e]ṭV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|year *w[e]ṭV | |year *w[e]ṭV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|year, old *CVnV | |year, old *CVnV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|year, old *zVnV | |year, old *zVnV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|you *si | |you *si | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|young *bāla 'child, young' | |young *bāla 'child, young' | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|young animal, plant *ṭVlV | |young animal, plant *ṭVlV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|young animal, plant *ṭVlV | |young animal, plant *ṭVlV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|young male *majrV | |young male *majrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|young male *majrV | |young male *majrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|young man *ḳacV ( ~ -c`-) | |young man *ḳacV ( ~ -c`-) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|young of animals *ḳʷVŕV | |young of animals *ḳʷVŕV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|young of animals *ḳʷVŕV | |young of animals *ḳʷVŕV | ||
| | | | ||
Line 4,187: | Line 7,478: | ||
!Proto-Atlanto-Mediterranean | !Proto-Atlanto-Mediterranean | ||
!Meaning | !Meaning | ||
! | !Proto-Khoisan | ||
|- | |- | ||
|* | |*dʑoa | ||
|ashes | |ashes | ||
|*ʒ́o[a] | |*ʒ́o[a] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|* | |*tshaʔ | ||
|cold | |cold | ||
|*cha- | |*cha- | ||
Line 4,201: | Line 7,492: | ||
|*Ha | |*Ha | ||
|- | |- | ||
|* | |*tʼʔu | ||
|dew | |dew | ||
|*ǀu | |*ǀu | ||
|- | |- | ||
|* | |*tɬʼʔ[χ]uɦ | ||
|dry | |dry | ||
|*ǀǀXU | |*ǀǀXU | ||
|- | |- | ||
|* | |*[ts]uɦ | ||
|excrement | |excrement | ||
|*CU | |*CU | ||
|- | |- | ||
|* | |*[ts]a(ɴ) | ||
|fat | |fat | ||
|*Ca(N) | |*Ca(N) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|* | |*vuɦ | ||
|father | |father | ||
|*BU | |*BU | ||
|- | |- | ||
|* | |*tʼʔʁ° | ||
|hair | |hair | ||
|*ǀʁV | |*ǀʁV | ||
|- | |- | ||
|* | |*tɬau | ||
|hand | |hand | ||
|*ƛ[a]u | |*ƛ[a]u | ||
|- | |- | ||
|* | |*ɳtsʼʔuʔ | ||
|kidney | |kidney | ||
|*ɳ!u- | |*ɳ!u- | ||
|- | |- | ||
|* | |*gtʼʔa | ||
|leaf | |leaf | ||
|*ɡǀa | |*ɡǀa | ||
|- | |- | ||
|* | |*tɬaɴ° | ||
|lizard | |lizard | ||
|*ƛaNV | |*ƛaNV | ||
|- | |- | ||
|* | |*pʼʔha | ||
|meat | |meat | ||
|*ʘha | |*ʘha | ||
|- | |- | ||
|* | |*ʢaj° | ||
|mother | |mother | ||
|*[H]aj- | |*[H]aj- | ||
|- | |- | ||
|* | |*tɬʼakʼ°ɴ° | ||
|shoe | |shoe | ||
|*ƛ̣aḳVNV | |*ƛ̣aḳVNV | ||
|- | |- | ||
|* | |*tsʼ°kʼ° | ||
|smoke | |smoke | ||
|*c̣VḳV | |*c̣VḳV | ||
|- | |- | ||
|* | |*ʎiʔ | ||
|to blow the nose; snot | |to blow the nose; snot | ||
|*ʎi- | |*ʎi- | ||
|- | |- | ||
|* | |*tɬ°[k]° | ||
|to chop | |to chop | ||
|*ƛVKV | |*ƛVKV | ||
|- | |- | ||
|* | |*kxe | ||
|to cry, sound | |to cry, sound | ||
|*kxe | |*kxe | ||
|- | |- | ||
|* | |*k°ʔ°ŋ | ||
|to know | |to know | ||
|*kVʔV[ŋ] | |*kVʔV[ŋ] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|* | |*i[ts]aʔ | ||
|to steal | |to steal | ||
|*[i]Ca- | |*[i]Ca- | ||
|- | |- | ||
|* | |*tɬʼʔkxa | ||
|to wash | |to wash | ||
|*ǀǀkxa | |*ǀǀkxa | ||
|- | |- | ||
|* | |*tɬʼʔɢoʔ | ||
|tortoise | |tortoise | ||
|*ǀǀGo- | |*ǀǀGo- |
Revision as of 18:50, 12 July 2024
Etymologies possibly linked to Nostratic
Proto-Atlanto-Mediterranean | Meaning | Eurasiatic |
---|---|---|
*[k]°rd° | a bird of prey | *KVrdV |
*[ts]°n[ts]° | a biting insect | *CVnCV |
*n° | a deictic element | *nV |
*n° | a demonstrative element | *nV |
*tʼ°k° *dw°kʼ° | a horned animal | *ṭVkV (*dwVḳV) |
*m°r° | a kind of berry | *mVrV |
*tʃʼw°ʢkʼ° | a kind of bird | *[č`w]VHḳV |
*[ts]°m° | a kind of bird | *CVmV |
*[ts]°m° | a kind of bird | *CVmV |
*ʢal°kʼ° | a kind of bird | *HalVḳV |
*ʢal°kʼ° | a kind of bird | *HalVḳV |
*kjama | a kind of (aquatic) bird | *k[i̯a]ma |
*kaɴ° | a kind of bird | *kaNV |
*kaɴ° | a kind of bird | *kaNV |
*kʼuɦʎ° | a kind of bird | *ḳUĺV |
*kʼuɦʎ° | a kind of bird | *ḳUĺV |
*k°pʼ° | a kind of bird | *kVṗV |
a kind of bird | *kVṗV | |
a kind of bird | *kwVtV | |
a kind of bird | *kwVtV | |
a kind of bird | *ĺVkĺVkV | |
a kind of bird | *sVgV | |
a kind of bird | *SVlwV | |
a kind of bird | *SVlwV | |
a kind of bird | *ṭVrV / *ṭVṭVrV | |
a kind of bird (gallinacean) | *KVwrV | |
a kind of bone | *c`iŋu | |
a kind of cereal | *lVnṭV | |
a kind of cereal | *lVnṭV | |
a kind of duck | *ṭVḳV | |
a kind of duck or hen | *ṭVḳV | |
a kind of fish | *č`VHmV | |
(a) kind of fish | *kećä | |
a kind of fish | *kVrV | |
a kind of fish | *kVrV | |
a kind of fish; salmon | *ńowŋa | |
a kind of fruit | *mVsV | |
a kind of fruit | *mVsV | |
a kind of gallinacean bird | *KVwrV | |
a kind of grass | *wVĺV | |
a kind of grass | *wVĺV | |
a kind of grass | *cVmV | |
a kind of horned animal | *mula | |
a kind of horned animal | *mula | |
*tʃjuːppa *tʃjuːppu | a kind of insect | *či̯ū́ p𝑖̯ū́𝑝a ( ~ -u) |
*[k]uɦm° | a kind of insect | *KUmV |
*[k]uɦm° | a kind of insect | *KUmV |
a kind of insect | *ḳUṭḳV | |
a kind of insect | *ḳUṭḳV | |
a kind of insect | *lVŋV | |
a kind of insect | *m[a]ŋi | |
a kind of insect | *mVḳV | |
a kind of insect | *mVḳV | |
a kind of insect | *pUḳV | |
a kind of insect | *pVN(T)V | |
a kind of insect | *ṗVnǯV | |
a kind of insect, louse | *ṗVnǯV | |
a kind of liquid | *c`UtV | |
a kind of onion | *sUŋV | |
a kind of predator | *bVrV | |
a kind of predator | *KVrdV | |
a kind of rodent | *[xq̇]wĕ[l]ʕǝ́ | |
a kind of sack | *lVmV | |
a kind of tree | *jVwV (*ʔVjwV) | |
a kind of tree | *jVwV (*ʔVjwV) | |
a kind of tree | *kojw[a] | |
a kind of tree | *NEḳrV | |
a kind of tree | *ʔilVmV | |
a kind of ungulate | *cVHnV ( ~ *c`-) | |
a kind of ungulate | *CVxnV | |
a kind of ungulate | *mVnV | |
a kind of vessel | *ḳVwKV | |
a kind of vessel | *pVNV | |
a kind of water bird (gull) | *sVgV | |
a part of leg, foot | *lVlV | |
a small animal | *cwVkV ( ~ čw-) | |
a stinging insect | *mVwć`wV | |
a stinging insect | *pUḳV | |
all | *eli | |
all, join | *kalV | |
*tʃakiː | an insect; a kind of insect | *čă k𝑎̆𝑘i |
an insect | *mVwcwV | |
an internal organ | *CV(n)CV | |
an ungulate | *morV | |
angry | *jVrV | |
animal hair | *mVńCV | |
animal hair | *mVńcV ( ~ -c`-) | |
antelope | *gujrV | |
antelope | *gujrV | |
arm | *gara | |
arm | *küjnV | |
arm | *lVlV | |
arm, leg | *ćVḳV | |
armpit | *ḳVwVŋV | |
army, people | *čVbV | |
ashes, burn 1; light 2 | *ṗVdwV 1; *pi̯ŏ t𝑖̯𝑜̆𝑡e ( ~ -t-, *pi̯ă t𝑖̯𝑎̆𝑡u) 2 | |
ashes, dirt | *ṗVlV | |
back | *dVgV | |
back | *gedV | |
back | *gedV | |
back | *sVrV | |
back | *tVbV | |
back | *tVbV | |
back | *ʔarV | |
back | *ʔarV | |
back, rear | *kuNṭV | |
back, side | *ṗVŋV | |
bad | *bVHCV | |
bad | *ʔVkV | |
bad | *ʔVkV | |
bad, dirty | *darV | |
bad, dirty | *darV | |
bad, evil | *bVHCV | |
bad, harm | *sogwV ( ~ š-) | |
bark | *ḳerV | |
bark | *ḳerV | |
bark | *ḲopV | |
bark | *ḲopV | |
bark | *ḳuLV | |
bark | *ḳVrṗV | |
bark, cover | *ṭUgV ( ~ -H-) | |
bark, peel | *ḳuLV | |
bark, skin | *ḳVrṗV | |
basket | *ḳocV | |
basket | *ḳoćV | |
be angry | *kwVrV (~ gw) | |
be angry | *kwVrV (~ gw) | |
be destroyed, fall apart | *HVŕV | |
be full | *ḳOṗV | |
be full, complete | *ḳOṗV | |
be ill | *lVχV | |
be ill | *lVχV | |
be satiated | *HVwV | |
be smooth | *gVlV | |
be visible, see | *nVkV | |
beat | *biχV | |
beat | *biχV | |
beat | *ṭoḳV | |
beat | *ṭoḳV | |
beat, break | *buṭV | |
beat, hit | *SUTV | |
beat, hit | *SUTV | |
beat, hit | *ṭapħa | |
beat, hit | *ṭapħa | |
bee | *ṗVrV | |
bee, insect | *ṗVrV | |
behind, buttock | *[šw]VtV | |
behind, buttock | *SVtV | |
belly | *wa[n]čV | |
belly | *wa[n]ʒ́wV | |
belly, entrails | *gwVlV | |
belly, heart | *kuŋV | |
belly, heart | *kuŋV | |
belly, intestines | *gUtV / *kUtV | |
belly, intestines | *gUtV / *kUtV | |
belly, liver | *gwVlV | |
belly, stomach | *Ḳarbi | |
belly, stomach | *Ḳarbi | |
below | *HalV | |
below | *HalV | |
bend | *ḳVlV | |
bend | *ḳVŋV | |
bend | *ṭoŋV | |
berry | *mVrV | |
big | *mVkV | |
big | *t`VwjV | |
big | *wol[a] | |
big | *wol[a] | |
big fish | *ḳUlV | |
big fish | *ḳUlV | |
big tree | *dVnwV | |
big tree | *dVnwV | |
big, full | *tVdV | |
big, heavy | *pVKV | |
big, large | *mVkV | |
big, thick | *č`oḳV ( ~ -q̇-) | |
big, thick | *č`oḳV ( ~ -q̇-) | |
big, thick | *tVdV | |
big, very | *ʔVnV | |
big, very | *ʔVnV | |
bile | *bišV ( ~ -č`-) | |
bind | *KuTV | |
bind | *KVrV | |
birch | *kojw[a] | |
bird | *[č`w]VHḳV | |
bird | *HVwjV | |
bird | *HVwjV | |
bird's tail | *ṗVńcwV ( ~ -c`w-) | |
bite, chew | *käjwV (-b-) | |
bite, tear | *ḳVCV | |
biting insect | *CVnCV | |
bitter | *gVcwV(~-čw-) | |
bitter | *sVbV | |
bitter, gall | *bišV ( ~ -č`-) | |
bitter, sour | *gVcwV(~−č𝑤𝑉(~-čw- ) | |
black | *ḳarV | |
black | *ḳarV | |
black | *ʔVbV | |
black | *ʔVbV | |
black, dark | *ḳUmV | |
black, dark | *ḳUmV | |
black, dark | *mVCHV | |
black, dark; black | *nal- | |
black, night | *sVrV | |
black-cock | *ṭVrV / *ṭVṭVrV | |
blade, awl | *ʔVlV | |
blade, whetstone | *ʔVlV | |
blister, abscess | *HVlVḳV | |
blister, wound | *HVlVḳV | |
blood | *bUjlV | |
blood | *bUjlV | |
blood | *ḳVnV | |
blood | *wirV | |
blood | *ʔVsxV | |
blood, blood vessel | *ḳVnV | |
blood, breath | *HwinV | |
blood, breath | *ʔVsxV | |
blood, red | *ḳurV | |
blood, red | *ḳurV | |
blood, spirit; spirit; blood | *cwVnV | |
blood; marrow | *mVLV | |
blood; red | *wirV | |
blue | *swVNV | |
blue | *swVNV | |
board, stick | *ṭVlV | |
body | *bVdV | |
body, belly | *bVdV | |
boil | *borV, *buŕa | |
boil | *borV, *buŕa | |
boil, burn | *ḳVju | |
bone | *girV | |
bone | *girV | |
bone | *HV(w)[č`]V | |
bone | *HV(w)čV | |
bone | *ḳač`V | |
bone | *ḳaCV | |
bone | *ʒ́VmV (*c`iŋu) | |
bone, tooth | *ṗVjNV | |
bone, tooth | *ṗVjNV | |
bosom | *ʔVṗV | |
bosom | *ʔVṗV | |
bovine; horse | *luwV (*luɣV) | |
bow | *büḲa | |
bow, arc | *ṭoŋV | |
bow, lean | *tajV | |
brain | *mVŋV | |
brain | *mVŋV | |
brain, head | *wVṭV(mV) | |
brain, marrow; head | *wVṭV(mV) | |
branch | *rVṭV | |
branch, rod | *rVṭV | |
branch, stick | *HelV | |
branch, twig, rod | *šVṭV | |
break, chop | *cVṗV | |
break, split | *buṭV | |
breast | *[c]V(n)ʒwV | |
breast | *ḳerdV | |
breast | *ṗome | |
breast, belly | *ʔudV | |
breast, udder | *mälgi | |
breast, udder | *mälgi | |
breath, smell | *sVwHV | |
bright | *bVrḳV | |
bright | *ʔVǯV | |
bright | *ʔVǯV | |
brown | *boŕa | |
brown | *boŕa | |
brown, dark | *KVŋV | |
brown, yellow | *KVŋV | |
bug, flea | *ŋalmV | |
build, house | *dwVmV | |
burn; bonfire | *mūga | |
burn | *ṗaĺV | |
burn | *ṗaĺV | |
burn | *ṗVrV | |
burn | *wVrV | |
burn | *wVrV | |
burn, bake | *buKV | |
burn, boil; burn, kindle | *t`èmo ( ~ t-) | |
burn, fire | *qoṭi | |
burn, fire | *qoṭi | |
burn, fire | *t`ülV | |
burn, hot coals | *gUrV | |
burn, hot coals | *gUrV | |
burn, roast | *buKV | |
burn, roast, dry | *ḳVńV | |
burn, shine | *Cajŋa | |
burn, shine | *ʒajŋa | |
burst | *paḳV | |
butterfly | *ṗVrṗVlV | |
butterfly | *ṗVrṗVlV | |
buy, sell | *ṗVrV | |
calf | *ṗVrV ( ~ p-) | |
calf, bull | *ṗVrV ( ~ p-) | |
cattle; horse | *morV | |
cave, hole | *ḳVjwV | |
cave, hole | *ḳVjwV | |
cheek | *ṗVlV | |
chest, belly | *bUrV | |
chest, belly | *bUrV | |
child | *mVḳV | |
child, to bear | *berV | |
child, to bear | *berV | |
chin | *kenV | |
chin | *kenV (*kVngV) | |
chin, beard; cheek bone | *čò k𝑜̀𝑘e ( ~ -i̯u-) | |
chin, jaw | *kVṗV | |
chop | *cVṗV | |
chopped piece, to cut | *ḳUṭV (*ḳVtV) | |
clan member | *ʔarV | |
clay, mud | *pVnV | |
clay, mud | *pVnV | |
clothing | *ḳa(j)dV | |
cloud | *bVl(w)V | |
cloud | *bVl(w)V | |
coals, burn | *CuxLV | |
coals, soot, burn | *CuxLV | |
cold | *[z]VrV | |
cold | *KurV | |
cold | *KurV | |
cold | *SVŋV | |
cold | *ʒ́VrV | |
cold, frost | *SVŋV | |
come, go; rise | *Horä | |
coniferous tree | *pVnč`wV | |
coniferous tree, resin | *pVnč`wV | |
corner, enclosure | *ḳVnVṭV | |
corner, wall | *ḳVnVṭV | |
court, enclosure | *dwVrV | |
cover | *ṭUgV ( ~ -H-) | |
cover, close | *ḳaṗV | |
cover, close | *ḳaṗV | |
crane | *kar-/*ker- | |
crane | *kar-/*ker- | |
crust | *c`VrV | |
curved, bent | *ḳUrV | |
cut | *čVḳV ( ~ *č`-) | |
cut | *ḳUṭV | |
cut | *ḳVc`V | |
cut | *kVlV | |
cut, sharp | *CarV | |
dark | *HamV | |
dark | *rVmV | |
dark | *rVmV | |
dark | *sVmV | |
dark | *ṭVmV | |
dark | *ṭVmV | |
dark, black; dark | *muṭV | |
dark, black | *mVCHV | |
dark, black; dark | *sVmV | |
dark, cloudy | *muṭV | |
darkness, night | *kVcwV ( ~ -čw-) | |
dawn | *gojńV | |
dawn, light | *gojńV | |
dawn, light | *lVwŋV | |
dawn, noon | *lVwŋV | |
day, shine | *dʷVjɣV | |
day, shine | *dʷVjɣV | |
day, sun, light | *ŋera | |
decease | *ŋVwV | |
deer | *mVnV | |
deer | *ʔelV | |
deer | *ʔelV | |
deer, antilope | *ʔoru | |
deer, he-goat | *pOgV | |
demonstrative pronoun | *mV | |
demonstrative pronoun | *mV | |
demonstrative pronoun | *ṭV | |
demonstrative pronoun | *ṭV | |
demonstrative pronoun | *ḳV | |
demonstrative pronoun | *sV | |
dew, liquid | *rVCV | |
die, finish | *muṭV | |
die, starve | *HwelV | |
die; kill | *nek'- | |
dig, hack | *ḳVṗV | |
direction, road | *gwVCV | |
direction, road, pass | *gwVCV | |
dirt | *böḳa | |
dirt | *c`VrV | |
dirt | *c`VrV | |
dirt | *kodV | |
dirt | *kodV | |
dirt | *lVḳwV | |
dirt, earth | *magV | |
dirt, faeces | *[ʒ]VḳV | |
dirt, faeces | *SVḳV | |
dog | *KUCV | |
dog | *ḳVpV | |
dog | *ḳVpV | |
dog | *ŋindV | |
dog | *ŋindV | |
dog | *ŋVḳV | |
dog, wolf | *bVrV | |
dog, wolf | *KUCV | |
dog, wolf | *ŋVḳV | |
dream | *CVm(ŋ)V | |
drink | *jVgU | |
drink, liquid | *CUtV | |
drink, swallow | *ʔEmV | |
drink, water | *HVṗV | |
dry | *gwVlV | |
dry | *ḳVjwV(rV) | |
dry | *ḳVjwV(rV) | |
dry | *kVkV | |
dry | *kVk𝑉𝑘V | |
dry | *KVmV | |
dry | *ḳVs(w)V | |
dry | *sušV | |
dry | *śušV | |
dry, burn | *gwVlV (*/ḳ/alV) | |
dung, mud | *ḳorV | |
dust | *bur(H)V | |
dust | *bur(H)V | |
dust, ashes | *ṭVṭV | |
dust, ashes, smoke | *ṭVṭV | |
dust, dirt | *böḳa | |
dwelling | *gülV | |
dwelling | *gülV | |
ear | *KVrWV | |
ear | *KVrWV | |
early | *ʔVCV | |
early | *ʔVrV | |
early | *ʔVrV | |
early, dawn | *ʔVcwV | |
earth | *DVG- | |
earth | *DVG- | |
earth | *magV | |
earth, dust | *ṭVŕV | |
earth, dust | *ṭVŕV | |
eat | *tin- | |
eat | *UNV | |
eat, drink | *UNV | |
edge; top, summit | *cimu ( ~ ć-, č-, č`-) | |
edge | *Hońća | |
edge | *HońcV | |
edge | *mVcV ( ~ -c`-) | |
edge | *ṗerV | |
edge | *PVlV | |
edge | *PVlV (*ṗVlV) | |
edge, side | *mVcV ( ~ -c`-) | |
edge, side | *ṗerV | |
egg | *ṭUĺV | |
egg | *ṭUĺV | |
elbow, forearm | *c`VjḳV | |
elbow, knee | *küjnV | |
elder brother or sister | *ʔaḳV | |
elder brother/sister | *eńV | |
elder male relative, father | *ʔVṭV (*tajV) | |
elder relative | *ʔaḳV | |
elder relative | *ʔVṭV | |
elm | *ʔilVmV | |
enclosure | *gErV | |
enclosure | *gVrdV | |
enclosure | *gVrdV | |
enclosure | *wVč`V ( ~ -ǯ-) | |
enclosure, yard | *dwVrV | |
enclosure, yard | *gErV | |
end; mouth | *[s]UwV | |
enemy | *ḳarV | |
enemy | *ḳarV | |
evening | *SVKV | |
evening | *sVrV | |
evening | *ʒwVṗV | |
evening, sleep | *ʒwVṗV | |
extinguish | *sun(d)V ( ~ ś-, š-) | |
eye, see | *HuḲa | |
eye, see | *HuḲa | |
eye, see | *HwVlV | |
eyebrow (> eyelid); hair of head | *SVmrV | |
face | *mVŋV | |
face, chin | *kVṗV | |
face, forehead | *pVNV | |
face, head | *mVĺV | |
face, head | *mVṭV | |
face, head | *pVNV | |
face, nose, mouth | *mVŋV | |
face, skin on head | *mVṭV | |
fall | *ḳVtV | |
fall, descend | *HewV | |
fall, descend, disappear | *HewV(jV) | |
far; next | *ḳUlV | |
fart | *PV[s]V | |
fart | *PVSV | |
fat | *gwVjV | |
fat | *gwVjV | |
fat, intestines | *sebV ( ~ ś-, š-) | |
father | *aṗV | |
father | *aṗV | |
feather | *ṗVĺV | |
feather, tail | *ṗVĺV | |
female | *nVzV ( ~ -ʒ-) | |
female | *ṗenV | |
female genitalia | *mVṭV | |
female genitalia | *mVṭV | |
female in-law | *kälU | |
female in-law | *kälU | |
female relative | *eńV | |
female relative | *mVjNV | |
female relative | *mVjNV | |
female relative | *natV | |
female relative | *natV | |
fence, enclosure | *wVč`V ( ~ -ǯ-) | |
fight, kill | *HwelV | |
finger | *pVrV | |
finger, claw | *č`wVṗV | |
finger, claw | *č`wVṗV | |
finger, fingernail | *pVrV | |
finger, toe | *ḳVrV | |
fire | *CVCxV | |
fire | *dʷVɣV | |
fire | *dʷVɣV | |
fire | *ṗVxwV | |
fire | *ṗVxwV | |
fire | *zVcwxV | |
fire, burn | *HenkV | |
fire, burn | *HenkV | |
fire, burn | *nVjV | |
fire, burn | *ŋera | |
fire, burn | *ṗVrV | |
fire, burn | *ʔumV | |
fire, burn | *ʔumV | |
fire, to strike fire | *cVḳV ( ~ *č-) | |
fire, warmth | *lVmV | |
first person pronoun | *ŋV | |
first person pronoun | *mV | |
first person pronoun (exclusive?) | *ŋV | |
fish | *č`VHmV | |
fish | *dVgV | |
fish | *dVgV | |
fist | *mVǯHV | |
fist, handle | *ṗVnḳV | |
fist, wrist | *kompV | |
fist; squeeze with a fist, crumple | *mVǯHV | |
flat | *lVṗV | |
flat | *lVṗV | |
flat | *ṭaPV | |
flat | *ṭaPV | |
flat, level | *ṗVlHV | |
flat, level | *ṗVlHV | |
flat, plain | *ṭalV | |
flea | *pur_cwV(GV) / *pülcwV(GV) | |
flea | *pur_cwV(GV) / *pülcwV(GV) | |
flesh, blood; flesh, fat | *SVĺV | |
flesh, fat | *c`ebV | |
flesh, fat | *swVĺV | |
flow | *ńVjrV | |
flow | *ńVjrV | |
flow, gush | *bVlV | |
flow, gush | *bVlV | |
fly | *ṗarV | |
fly | *ṗarV | |
fly, flea | *ṗVlV | |
fly, midge | *ṗVlV | |
fog | *musV | |
food | *HVlV | |
food, eat | *HVlV | |
foolish, deceive | *tVlV | |
foot, knee | *bVl(m)V | |
foot, sole | *ṗVHdV | |
foot, toe | *ḳVrV | |
forest, wilderness | *ni̯VnV | |
four | *NVlV | |
fox | *[čw]VlɣV | |
fox, weasel | *[čw]VlɣV | |
fragile | *lVmV | |
fringe, thread | *sVŋV | |
fringe, thread | *śVŋV ( ~ *ć`-) | |
frog | *gwVrV | |
frog | *gwVrV | |
front | *HalV | |
front | *HanṭV | |
front | *HanṭV | |
front; front, breast | *ʔedV | |
front, breast | *mVńV | |
front, breast | *mVńV | |
front, breast | *ʔedV | |
front, nose | *newRV | |
front, outside | *HalV | |
frost, cold | *pič`V | |
frozen snow | *čVgV | |
frozen snow | *čVgV | |
fruit | *bVrq̇wV | |
fruit | *bVrq̇wV | |
full | *HVp`V | |
full | *HVPVTV | |
full | *malV | |
full | *ṭVngV | |
full | *ṭVngV | |
full | *tVrV | |
full, all | *wV(n)CV | |
full, all | *wV(n)CV | |
full, fill | *ṭVmV | |
furrow | *HarV | |
furrow, hoe | *HarV | |
gather, assemble *ṗVrV buy, assemble | ||
genitalia *ḳUṭV | ||
genitalia *ḳUṭV | ||
get in pairs, pair > two *malV | ||
get, obtain *ga | ||
gift, allotment *ajṭV ~ *amṭV | ||
gift, allotment *ajṭV ~ *amṭV | ||
give *ćwVHV | ||
glittering *gi[ɫ]ħu | ||
glittering *gi[ɫ]ħu | ||
glue *[c]VbV | ||
glue, join *ćabV | ||
go astray, fall apart *HVŕV | ||
go, come *HVjV | ||
go, follow *HVjV | ||
goat *ṭVkV (*dwVḳV) | ||
goat, deer *ʔoru | ||
goat, ram, deer *pOgV | ||
good *mVlV | ||
good *näḳi | ||
good (of soul) *näḳi | ||
good, big *bVtV | ||
good, fit *dUgV | ||
good, new *wVlV | ||
good, proper *ʔVjV | ||
good, take care *ʔVjsV | ||
goose *ĺVkĺVkV | ||
grain *SVrV | ||
grain *SVrV | ||
grasp *kamV | ||
grasp *kamV | ||
grasp, seize, press *HamV | ||
grass *kuCu | ||
grass, reed *ćVmV | ||
grass, twigs *c`UlV | ||
grass, vegetables *kuč`u | ||
grey *c'VjrV | ||
grey *c'VjrV | ||
grind *nVq̇V | ||
grind *nVq̇V | ||
gum, resin, mud *ṗoŋV | ||
gums *ńVjlV part of face, gums | ||
guts, inside *oŕV | ||
hack *ṭanV | ||
hair *cVḳV | ||
hair *k`VSV | ||
hair *ńä[w(ŋ)]a [*ŋVjV] | ||
hair *ńä[w(ŋ)]a [*ŋVjV] | ||
hair *nVwrV | ||
hair *nVwrV | ||
hair *ŋVjV | ||
hair *p`un(́)V | ||
hair *p`un(́)V | ||
hair *pUdV | ||
hair *sVHrV | ||
hair *sVHrV | ||
hair *ṭVrV | ||
hair *ṭVrV | ||
hair *k`VSV | ||
hair, beard *Ḳila | ||
hair, eyebrow *burV | ||
hair, feather *pUdV (*HapUdV) | ||
hair, hair of head *burV | ||
hair, head *q̇irV | ||
hair, rope *ŋVjV | ||
hair, stalk *Ḳila | ||
hair, tail *sVPV | ||
half, part *palV | ||
hand *mVńV ( / *mVń-rV?) | ||
hand *mVńV ( / *mVń-rV?) | ||
hand(ful) *kompV | ||
hand, arm *bVgu | ||
hand, arm *udV | ||
hand, bone *ŋVlV | ||
hand, elbow *ŋVlV | ||
hand, fist *ṗVnḳV | ||
hand, limb *udV | ||
hard *ḳVmV | ||
hard, bone *ḳVmV | ||
hard, firm *pVKV | ||
harm, deceive *sogwV ( ~ š-) | ||
harsh, ragged *c`VrV | ||
head *q̇irV | ||
head, back of head *ḳapV | ||
hear *sVmV | ||
hear *SVmV | ||
hear, ear *ḳiwlV | ||
hear, ear *me- 'hear; ear' | ||
heart *sVʎV(mV) | ||
heart *śVʎV(mV) | ||
heart, breast *ḳerdV | ||
heat *[H]indV | ||
heavy, labour *mVnḳV | ||
herd *cVčV | ||
high *berg[i] | ||
high *berg[i] | ||
high *TVGV | ||
hill *tujpV | ||
hill, rock *bVgV ( ~ -ɣ-) | ||
hill, top *tujpV | ||
hit *wVdV | ||
hit *wVdV | ||
hole *HangV (also *wonkV) | ||
hole *k`VCV | ||
hole *ḳUrV | ||
hole *wonkV | ||
hole, cavity *ḳVwVŋV | ||
hole, empty *gop`a | ||
hole, empty *gop`a | ||
hole, mouth *k`VCV | ||
hole, vulva *p`u[ṭ]V | ||
hollow *HVlwV | ||
hollow, cavity *HVlwV | ||
hoof *ḳäṗV | ||
hoof *ḳäṗV | ||
hoof *sUdV | ||
hoof *ṭUṗV | ||
hoof, finger(nail) *ṭUṗV hoof | ||
hoof, hoof deformation *c`UdV | ||
horn *ḳirV | ||
horn *mVrgV | ||
horn; root *mVrgV | ||
horned animal *bVrV | ||
horned animal *bVrV | ||
hot, warm *ṗäḳV | ||
house *pVrV | ||
house *ʔU[ṭ]V | ||
house, village *ḳojmV village, hut | ||
humid, wet *mVk`V | ||
I, myself *ʔVkV (*ʔVgV) | ||
I, myself; we [first person pronoun] *ʔVkV (*ʔVgV) | ||
I, we [first person pronoun] *mV | ||
ice, cold *jVkV | ||
ice, cold *jVkV | ||
ill, die *m[ä]rV | ||
ill, die *m[ä]rV | ||
insect, vermine *tVkV | ||
insect, vermine *tVkV | ||
insect, worm *ḳwVŋV | ||
insect, worm *lVŋV | ||
inside, stomach *ʔudV | ||
interrogative or relative pronoun *ŋiV | ||
interrogative or relative pronoun *ŋiV | ||
interrogative pronoun *ḳV | ||
interrogative pronoun *mV | ||
intestine *[c']VlV | ||
intestine *ć'VlV | ||
intestine *ḳUʒwV | ||
intestines *ḳUʒ́wV | ||
intestines *ḳVmV stomach, intestines | ||
intestines *lVŋ(d)V | ||
intestines *oŕV | ||
jaw, palate *ʔVŋV | ||
jaw, palate *ʔVŋV | ||
joint, limb *bVgu | ||
joy *bVjV | ||
joy, desire *bVjV | ||
juice, ferment *sVḳV ( ~ š-) | ||
jump, run *lVKV | ||
kidney, heart *lVŋ(d)V | ||
kill *KolV | ||
kill *ḳVwχV | ||
knee *bVl(m)V | ||
knee, ankle *sVnV | ||
knife, cut, break *kUŋ[d]V | ||
know *ṭanV | ||
know, hear *ṭanV (?*-ŋ-) know | ||
know, name *nerV | ||
large fish *lVmbV | ||
large predator *zīwe(ŋkV) | ||
large predator *zīwe(ŋkV) | ||
large, heavy *sUrV | ||
large, heavy *sUrV | ||
laugh *gUlV | ||
laugh, merry *gUlV | ||
leaf *bolV | ||
leaf *bolV | ||
leaf *lVṗV | ||
leaf tree *ṗVlV | ||
leaf tree *ṗVlV | ||
leaf, bark *lVṗV | ||
leaf, branch *HelV | ||
leaf, flower *pòŋa ( ~ *p`-) 'bud' | ||
leaf; reed? *HVrVlV (*HVlVrV) | ||
leg *ɫaḳV | ||
leg *ɫaḳV | ||
leg, arm *ḳVwlV | ||
leg, limb *ḳVwlV | ||
level ground *ṭalV | ||
lick *laḳV | ||
lick *laḳV | ||
lick *lašV | ||
lick *lašV | ||
lick, drink *talV | ||
lie *ḳVwjV | ||
light, burn *Howri | ||
light, burn *Howri | ||
light, loose *SulV | ||
light, shine *HVlV | ||
light, shine *HVlV | ||
light, shine *jVḳV | ||
light, shine *jVḳV | ||
light, shine *mVlV | ||
limb *ṗVHdV | ||
lip, soft excrescence *kanpV | ||
lip, soft excrescence *kanpV | ||
liquid *GurV | ||
liquid *GurV | ||
liquid *lVṭV | ||
liquid *lVṭV | ||
liquid *sVwV | ||
liquid *śVwV | ||
liquid, dirt *lVḳwV | ||
liquid, flow *L[ä]jV | ||
liver *pi̯ā̀ki liver | ||
liver *ponta | ||
liver, belly *tVrV(ŋV) | ||
liver, intestines *mVLV blood, marrow | ||
lizard, slug *mVxlV ( ~ *mVlxV) | ||
lizard, worm *mVxlV ( ~ *mVlxV) | ||
loins, groin *zVmV | ||
long *tel(ḥ)V | ||
long *tel(ḥ)V | ||
long bone *śVnV | ||
long hair, tail *[s]VPV | ||
long, far *ḳUlV | ||
long, high *HVgU | ||
long, wide *wVŕV | ||
long, wide *wVŕV | ||
loose *SulV | ||
loose(n) *lVCV | ||
louse *pVN(T)V | ||
louse *ṭäjV | ||
louse *ṭäjV | ||
louse, nit *ñejV | ||
love, good *ʔVjV | ||
luminary *mVnzV | ||
luminary *mVnʒ́V | ||
lung, liver *pVjLV | ||
lung, spleen *pVjLV | ||
male *gVntV | ||
male *gVntV | ||
male, male child *mVḳV | ||
man *ḳaćV ( ~ -ć`-) | ||
man *mänV | ||
man *mänV | ||
many *m[o]nV | ||
many *m[o]nV | ||
many *ṗalV | ||
many *ṗV(H)- | ||
many, big *bVtV | ||
many, full *ṗalV | ||
marsh *[sw]VjmV | ||
marsh, uncultivated land *[sw]VjmV | ||
marten *ḳ[u]nV | ||
marten *ḳ[u]nV | ||
meat *ńVḳV(rV) | ||
meat *sUḳV | ||
meat *ʔomsV | ||
meat *ʔomśV | ||
meat, animal *cVč𝑉čV | ||
meat, deer *sUḳV | ||
meat, liver *mVḳV | ||
meat, liver *mVḳV | ||
meat, roe, intestines *ńVḳV(rV) | ||
member of the clan *ʔarV | ||
moisture *mVtV | ||
moisture *mVtV | ||
moon, heavenly body *ṭVlgV(nV) | ||
moon, luminary *ṭVlgV(nV) | ||
morning *ṗuKdV | ||
morning / evening *HamV | ||
morning ~ evening *SVKV | ||
morning, clear sky *ŋańV | ||
moth *kuńV | ||
mother *ʔVjV | ||
mother *ʔVjV | ||
mother *ʔVmV | ||
mother, woman *ʔVmV | ||
mountain *balV | ||
mountain *malV | ||
mountain *malV | ||
mountain *wVrV | ||
mountain *wVrV | ||
mountain, high *TVGV | ||
mountain, hill *balV | ||
mountain, hill *gʷVrV | ||
mountain, hill *gʷVrV | ||
mountain, top *ṗVrV | ||
mountain, top *ṗVrV | ||
mouse *cVḳV ( ~ *c`-) | ||
mouse, squirrel *CVḳV (also *cwVkV ( ~ čw-)) | ||
mouse, squirrel *gʷVĺV | ||
mouth *[s]UwV | ||
mouth, hole *HVwV | ||
mouth, hole *HVwV | ||
mouth; eat *č`VmV | ||
mouth; speak *ʔVpV | ||
mouth; to speak *ʔVpV | ||
mud, dung *ḳorV | ||
mud; gum, resin *ṗoŋV | ||
multitude; be satiated *HVwV | ||
mushroom, fungus *pUtV | ||
mushroom, sponge *pUtV | ||
naked, take off clothes *luku | ||
name *ĺVm(ŋ)V | ||
name *ĺVm(ŋ)V | ||
name *ṗVtV | ||
name, call *ṗVtV | ||
name, shape *šamV | ||
nape, back *[s]VKV | ||
nape, back *śVKV | ||
nape; back *dVgV | ||
narrow *č`VnV | ||
narrow *ṭijV | ||
narrow, thin *č`VnV | ||
near *ʔVbV | ||
neck *ḳVlV | ||
neck, collar *kVŋkV | ||
neck, throat *HVŋV | ||
neck, throat *ḳVlV | ||
neck, vertebra *nVKV | ||
negative particle *ʔVlV | ||
negative particle *ʔVlV | ||
negative verb *ʔe | ||
new *žVjŋV | ||
new, fresh *CVrV | ||
new, good *žVjŋV | ||
new, young *CVrV | ||
new, young *wVlV | ||
night *HUdV | ||
night *kVcwV ( ~ -čw-) | ||
night *lVlV | ||
night *lVlV | ||
night, dawn *ŋańV 'morning, clear sky' | ||
night, sleep *HUdV | ||
night, sleep *zVNV | ||
night, sleep *ʒ́iNV | ||
night, sleep *ʔamV | ||
nit *ñejV | ||
nit, louse *sajrV | ||
nit, louse *sajrV ( ~ *ś-) | ||
nose *ḳVŋV | ||
nose *ḳVŋV | ||
nose *ne(H)wRV | ||
nose *ŋVkCV | ||
nose *wiKV (*ujKV) | ||
nose *wiKV (*ujKV) | ||
nose, nostril *CVxrV | ||
nose, nostril *cwVxrV | ||
not *ʔVnV | ||
not, negative particle *ʔVnV | ||
not, negative verb *ʔe | ||
notch, sign *gVrVbV | ||
now; new *nVwV | ||
now; new *nVwV | ||
numerous, full *tVrV | ||
nut, fruit *ar- 'nut' | ||
old *gwVrV | ||
old *gwVrV | ||
old *zVr(d)V | ||
one *sem- | ||
one *ʔUdV | ||
one *ʔUdV | ||
one *ʔVrV | ||
one *ʔVrV | ||
one, finger *dwV(j)ḳV | ||
one, finger (?) *dwV(j)ḳV | ||
one, self *ʔo(ŋ)nV | ||
onion, odorous grass *sUŋV | ||
open *ṗan[c]V | ||
open space *ʔVrHV | ||
open space *ʔVrHV | ||
open, hole *HangV | ||
open; hole *ʔaḳa | ||
order, custom *nerV | ||
original place *ni̯VnV | ||
other *aĺV other side | ||
other *gUjV | ||
other *gwVjV | ||
pain, wound *mVnḳV | ||
painful state, grief *gilV | ||
painful state, grief *gilV | ||
pair, one of a pair *gagtV | ||
palate, tongue *ŋVnV | ||
palate, tongue *ŋVnV | ||
palm *caʷlǝʒǝ- hand, *cälmǝ palm | ||
palm (of hand) *ṗVlŋV | ||
palm of hand, handful *ṗVlŋV | ||
part of face *ńVjlV | ||
part of nose *ŋVk[čw]V | ||
part of nose *t`ā́nV ( ~ -ē-) (?) part of nose | ||
part of shoulder *čVKV | ||
part of shoulder, joint *čVKV | ||
paw, grasp *gEpSV | ||
paw, hand *gEpčwV | ||
peg, nail *ɣoŋɣV | ||
peg, nail *ḳUjḳV peg, nail (also *kikV 'bite', *ḳVkV 'break, peck') | ||
peg, root *ḳUjḳV | ||
penis *bVĺV | ||
penis *bVĺV | ||
penis *ṗacV ( ~ -c`-, -č-) | ||
penis *ṗaćV ( ~ -ć`-, -č-) (also *pVjcV ( ~ -č-)) | ||
people, army *čVbV | ||
place *baja | ||
place *baja | ||
pleasure, satisfaction *ṭVrṗV | ||
plenty, abundant *malV | ||
pond *küɫä | ||
pond *küɫä | ||
pool, low ground *laḳwV | ||
pool, low ground *laḳwV | ||
pot *ṗVdV | ||
pot *ṗVdV | ||
pot *pVNV | ||
pray *mVlV | ||
prohibitive / negative particle *ma | ||
prohibitive particle, not *ma | ||
pus, rot *[č]iru | ||
pus, rot *Ciru | ||
push, move *ńukV | ||
quick *ṭurV | ||
quick *ṭurV | ||
quick, swift *pV[ṭ]V | ||
rain, fog, steam *musV | ||
rain, pour *HVrćV ( ~ -ć`-) (also *rVCV) | ||
rare *HVrV | ||
rare, new *HVrV rare | ||
reed *HVrVlV (*HVlVrV) | ||
relative-in-law *tajV | ||
ring, hook *ḳVCV (also *kVCV) | ||
ring, spool *ḳVč`V | ||
rise *ŋwVkV | ||
rise, stand up *HVgU | ||
rise, up *ʔVpV | ||
rise, up *ʔVpV | ||
road *ʔur(H)V | ||
road *ʔur(H)V | ||
road, walk *mVrV | ||
rod, strap *lVgV | ||
rod, strap *lVgV | ||
roe; inside *t`VrV(ŋV) | ||
root, bone (?) *tV(H)mV | ||
root, bone (??) *tV(H)mV root, bone | ||
root, herb *wVr[t]V | ||
root, herb *wVr[t]V | ||
root, seed > settlement *aHulV | ||
root, sprout *ḲurV | ||
root, stalk *ḲurV | ||
rope, thread *wVŕV ( ~ *HuŕV) | ||
round *ḳoĺV | ||
round *ḳoĺV | ||
round *ṭompV | ||
round, convex *ṭompV | ||
rump, buttocks *kuNṭV | ||
rump, neck *nVKV | ||
run *bok[a] | ||
run *bok[a] | ||
run, drive *ʔurKV | ||
sack, bag *lVmV | ||
salt *CalV | ||
salt, bitter *sVbV | ||
salt, sea *čwalV | ||
salty, sour *č`VmV | ||
salty, sour *cwVwVrV | ||
sand *ki[ǯ]V | ||
sand *kiCV | ||
satisfaction *ṭVrṗV | ||
say *tVHV | ||
say, call *wVḳV | ||
say, sound *čVwV ( ~ *č`-) | ||
say, sound *čVwV ( ~ *č`-) | ||
scab *pVkV | ||
scatter, sift *ś(w)VcwV | ||
scrape, scraper *ḳwVnCV | ||
scrape, scraper *ḳwVncwV | ||
scratch *wVrcwV | ||
scratch, scrape *ḳVSV | ||
scratch, scrape *wVrcwV | ||
sea *jamV | ||
sea, shallow *sVjɣwV | ||
sea, water *jamV | ||
sea, water *sVjɣwV | ||
second person pronoun *χwV | ||
second person pronoun, thou *nV | ||
second person pronoun, thou *si | ||
second person pronoun, thou *ṭ[u] | ||
see, eye *ʔVnjV | ||
seed, kin *ṗVrV | ||
seed, kin *ṗVrV | ||
seed; to sift *sVjHV | ||
seize *HamV | ||
self *ʔo(ŋ)nV | ||
separate, split *bedV | ||
settlement *aHulV | ||
settlement *palVHV | ||
settlement *palVHV | ||
shape *šamV | ||
sharp *Hoḳi | ||
sharp object *CVNV | ||
sharp point, tooth *Hoḳi | ||
sharp stick *c`iĺV | ||
sharp stick *c`iĺV | ||
sharp, to whet *pVxwV | ||
sharp, to whet *pVxwV | ||
shell *kV(n)ḳV | ||
shell, bark *kV(n)ḳV | ||
shin, shank *ḳVnčV | ||
shin, thigh *ḳVnčV | ||
shine, bright *bVrḳV | ||
shine, burn *mVlV | ||
shine, burn (several roots?) *belV | ||
shine, glitter *belV | ||
shine, glitter *laṗV | ||
shine, light *bVɣV | ||
shine, light *bVɣV | ||
shine; burn *leuk- | ||
shoulder *tVlV | ||
shoulder, arm *tVlV | ||
shoulder, shoulder-blade *ṗVŋV | ||
shout *rewǝ- shout, roar | ||
show, point at *tVjḳV | ||
sick, ill *ēco ( ~ -ć-, -č-) | ||
side *bVḳV | ||
side (of body) *bVḳV | ||
sinew; root *SirV | ||
sinew; root *SirV | ||
single, first *sVnV ( ~ ś-, š-, ć`-) | ||
single; apart, asunder *sVnV ( ~ š-, c`-) | ||
sister, woman? *SäwCV | ||
sister, woman? *SäwCV | ||
skin *ḲaĺV | ||
skin *ḲaĺV | ||
skin *perV | ||
skin *perV | ||
skin *ṗVtV | ||
skin *ṗVtV | ||
skin *ṭVlV | ||
skin *ṭVlV | ||
skin, bark *pVkV | ||
skin, crust, peel *kamV | ||
skin, hair *ṭVwq̇V | ||
skin, hair on body *ṭVwq̇V | ||
skin, husk *kamV | ||
skull *ḳapV | ||
sky, cloud *HaḳumV | ||
sky, cloud *HaḳumV | ||
slanting *kVCV | ||
sleep *ʔamV | ||
slide, creep *[ʒ]VlV | ||
slime *SVlV | ||
slime, dirt *SVlV | ||
small *cVḳV | ||
small *CVḳV | ||
small *ḳVṭV | ||
small *ṭijV | ||
small bird *ciṗV | ||
small bird *ciṗV | ||
small female animal *ṗenV | ||
small, thin, short *ṭVnV | ||
small, young *ḳVṭV | ||
small; child *pVwjV | ||
small; child *pVwjV | ||
smear *cwVHmV | ||
smear, fat *mVjrV | ||
smear, fat *mVjrV | ||
smear; fat *ć`ämV | ||
smell *[s]VwHV | ||
smell *ṗunV | ||
smell *sun(g)V | ||
smell *śun(g)V | ||
smell, breathe, smoke *ṗunV | ||
smile *mUc`V ( ~ -s-) | ||
smoke *ǯun[k]V | ||
smoke *ǯun[k]V | ||
smoke, cloud *nVbV | ||
smoke, cloud *nVbV | ||
smooth *gVlV | ||
something sharp *CVNV | ||
snake *nētr- 'snake' | ||
snake *ṗVjmV | ||
snake *ʔanKV | ||
snake *ʔanKV | ||
snake, eel *lVmbV | ||
soft, fragile *lVmV | ||
soft, mild *mVlV | ||
soft, weak *lVjńV | ||
soft, wet *LVṗV | ||
soft, wet *LVṗV | ||
soul, breath *mùsi 'steam, spirit' | ||
sour *CVwVrV | ||
sour, bitter *č`VmV | ||
sour, ferment *sVḳV ( ~ ś-, š-, ć`-) | ||
span *ṭVgV | ||
span *ṭVgV | ||
speak, say, sound *jVnV | ||
speak, sound *jVnV | ||
spin, twist *ṗuNV | ||
spin, twist *ṗuNV | ||
spirit *cwVnV | ||
spit *ṭupV | ||
spit *ṭupV | ||
spit, fang *ḳiwHV | ||
spit, fang *ḳiwHV | ||
spleen *lVṗV | ||
spleen *lVṗV | ||
spleen *tV(H)ʎV | ||
spleen, liver *tV(H)ʎV | ||
split *cVlV | ||
split, tear off *CVlV | ||
spread *ṗVrjV | ||
spread, extend *CVχrV | ||
spread, long *pVdV | ||
spring *PVnV | ||
spring, flow *bira (*bujra) | ||
spring, flow *bira (*bujra) | ||
sprinkle *p`iSV | ||
sprinkle *p`isV | ||
stalk *kanVbV | ||
stalk, peg *kanVbV | ||
stand *čwVrV | ||
star *dVštV | ||
star, luminary *HVzwVrV | ||
star, moon *dV[š]tV | ||
star, shine *HVźVrV | ||
stem, board *ṭVlV | ||
steppe, valley, meadow *ColV | ||
steppe, valley, meadow *ColV | ||
stick *bVč`V | ||
stick *ḳVlV | ||
stick *ḳVlV | ||
stick into, pierce *bedV | ||
stick, pole *bVč`V | ||
stick, tree *ḳUrV | ||
stick, tree *ḳUrV | ||
stomach, intestines *ḳVmV | ||
stone *ḳElV | ||
stone *kiwV | ||
stone *ṭ/aj/lV | ||
stone *ṭ/aj/lV | ||
stone, hill *bVgV ( ~ -ɣ-) | ||
stone, mountain *kiwV | ||
stone, rock *ḳElV | ||
storm *burV ( >> *p-) | ||
storm *burV ( >> *p-) | ||
stream, flow of water *Huwa | ||
stream, flow of water *Huwa | ||
stump *ṭumgV | ||
stump, trunk *ṭumgV | ||
suck *SUṗV | ||
suck *zUkV | ||
suck, swallow *muḳV swallow, gobble | ||
sufficient, complete *eli | ||
sun *si̯aχu (-ɣ-) | ||
sun *si̯aχu (-ɣ-) | ||
sun, day *daŋ 'dawn'; *tianta 'sun' | ||
swamp *laHm[u] | ||
swamp *laHm[u] | ||
sweep *šwxVjṗV | ||
sweet *cwVtu | ||
sweet, tasty *cwVtu | ||
tail *ḳudV | ||
tail *ḳudV | ||
tail *toḳE | ||
tail *toḳE | ||
tail, (long) hair *ṗVńcwV ( ~ -ćw−,−č𝑤-,-čw-, -ǯ-) | ||
tail, back *śVrV back | ||
take *ga | ||
take *ʔanV | ||
take, bring *gerV | ||
take, bring *tVKV | ||
take, carry *ʔVpV | ||
take, get *gVṭV | ||
take, grasp *kantV | ||
take, seize *ʔVpV | ||
taste *ṭVHmV | ||
taste *xamV, *xamŋV; *xamŋV 'mouth' | ||
temple, hair on temple *cVḳV | ||
ten, many *ṗV(H)- | ||
tent *ʔU[ṭ]V | ||
testicle *ḳoĺV | ||
testiculus *ḳoĺV | ||
that, that near *ʔVbV | ||
that, this *ʔa (*ʔe) | ||
that, this *ʔu | ||
that, this *ʔu | ||
that, this *ʔa (*ʔe) (probably *Ha that, *He this) | ||
thick *ṭujV (*ṭVwjV) | ||
thick *ṭVkV | ||
thick, full *ṭVkV | ||
thick, swell *bongä | ||
thick, swell *bongä | ||
thigh *bVgtV | ||
thigh *bVgtV | ||
thigh, leg *ṗVǯkV | ||
thigh, rump *ṗVǯkV | ||
thin *cUṗV | ||
thin *ṭVnV | ||
thin, narrow *ćUṗV | ||
thing *HVdV | ||
thing; interrogative stem *HVdV | ||
third person pronoun *sV | ||
this *cV ( ~ č-) | ||
this *cV ( ~ č-, ć-) | ||
this *ḳV | ||
this *ʔi (*hi) | ||
this *ʔi (*hi) | ||
thorn *ʒwVgV | ||
thorn *ʒ́wVgV | ||
thorny bush *NEḳrV | ||
thou (oblique forms) [second person pronoun] *χwV | ||
thou [second person pronoun] *nV thou | ||
thou [second person pronoun] *ṭ[u] | ||
throat *HVŋV | ||
throat, intestines *kUṭV | ||
throat, swallow *kUlV | ||
throat, to swallow *kUlV | ||
tickle *cVḳV | ||
tie, weave *tVḳV | ||
tip, spout *CVCV | ||
tip, spout *čVčV | ||
to approach, follow *ŋāńi | ||
to ask, pray *ṗVrXV | ||
to ask, pray *ṗVrXV | ||
to bare teeth *mUCV | ||
to be *buHi | ||
to be *woɣlV | ||
to be *woɣlV | ||
to be *ʔa | ||
to be *ʔa | ||
to be *ʔesA | ||
to be *ʔesA | ||
to be angry *kVCV | ||
to be angry, hostile *kVCV | ||
to be completed, exhausted *ṭVkV | ||
to be lost, exhausted *ṭVkV | ||
to be mad, stupid *buḳV | ||
to be visible *HwVlV | ||
to be well *c`olHV | ||
to be well *ColHV | ||
to be, live *ʔelA | ||
to be, live *ʔelA | ||
to bear *š[e]wV | ||
to bear *š[e]wV | ||
to bear *ṭVlV | ||
to bear, lift *ṭVlV | ||
to beat *ṗVṭV | ||
to beat *ṗVṭV | ||
to beat, hit *ḳVwχV | ||
to bend *büḲa | ||
to bend *cVḳV | ||
to bend *Garḳu | ||
to bend *Garḳu | ||
to bend *guḳa | ||
to bend *guḳa | ||
to bend *güpA | ||
to bend *ḳVlV | ||
to bend *ḳVŋV | ||
to bend *ɫoŋḳa | ||
to bend, bow *ɫoŋḳa | ||
to bend, turn *KUrV | ||
to bend; hump, heap *güpA | ||
to bind, girdle *KuTV | ||
to bind, harness *taxlwV | ||
to bite *kikV | ||
to bite, taste *ṭVHmV | ||
to blink, shine, shade *c`ajV | ||
to blink, shine, shade *CajV | ||
to blow *dVwɣV | ||
to blow *p`uSV | ||
to blow *p`uSV | ||
to blow *ṗuɣV | ||
to blow *ṗuɣV | ||
to blow, shake *dVwɣV | ||
to blow, winnow *Hewa | ||
to blow, winnow *Hewa | ||
to boil, foam *ḳüpä | ||
to boil, foam *ḳüpä | ||
to boil, roast *gVbV | ||
to bore, dig *lUŋ(k)V | ||
to bow, bend *cVḳV | ||
to break, crumble *ṗVSV | ||
to break, cut, wound *ʔVrHwV | ||
to break, scatter, tear *ʔVrHwV | ||
to breathe *HwinV | ||
to breathe *ʔanqV | ||
to breathe *ʔanqV | ||
to burn */ḳ/alV | ||
to burn *ć`wVwV (*HVwć'wV) | ||
to burn *cwVwV (*HVwcwV) | ||
to burn *dekO | ||
to burn *dekO | ||
to burn *Hase | ||
to burn *HaSe | ||
to burn *ḳVńV | ||
to burn *ṗVdwV | ||
to burn *ṭülV | ||
to burn, bake *kVwrV | ||
to burn, bake *kVwrV | ||
to burn, boil *ḳVju | ||
to burn, flash *CVlV | ||
to burn, heat *gVbV | ||
to burn, sun *nVjV | ||
to burst, split (many roots) *paḳV | ||
to call *CVḥV | ||
to call *gVjwV | ||
to call *gVjwV | ||
to call *ḳErV | ||
to call *ḳErV | ||
to care *č`VrV | ||
to care *čVrV | ||
to change, borrow *HVrV | ||
to change, distribute *HVrV | ||
to chew *käjwV (?-b-) | ||
to collect, count *lVkV | ||
to collect, count *lVkV | ||
to collect, put *ṗanV | ||
to complete *muṭV | ||
to cover *ḳa(j)dV | ||
to cover, protect *ḳVrV | ||
to covet sexually *gʷVnV | ||
to covet sexually *gʷVnV | ||
to cross, other side *aĺV | ||
to crush *pi(u)čV | ||
to crush, press *ṗVjńV | ||
to crush, squeeze *pi(u)CV | ||
to cry *muɣrV | ||
to cry, shout *ḳVwV | ||
to curse, be angry *jVrV | ||
to cut *ɣVcV ( ~ -c`-) | ||
to cut *ɣVčV ( ~ -č`-) | ||
to cut *ḳVć`V | ||
to cut *mVc`V | ||
to cut *ṭanV | ||
to cut, hit, saw *ṗVwV | ||
to cut, hit, saw *ṗVwV | ||
to cut, knife *kVlV | ||
to cut, sharp *CarV | ||
to cut, split *sVḳV | ||
to cut, split *śVḳV | ||
to cut, tear *mVCV | ||
to deceive *tVlV | ||
to die, kill *KolV | ||
to dig, hack *ḳVṗV | ||
to divide, cut in half *palV | ||
to drink *jVgU | ||
to drink, flow *tVrV | ||
to dry *KVmV | ||
to dry *šwVrV | ||
to dry *šwVrV | ||
to dry up, extinguish *sun(d)V ( ~ š-) | ||
to eat *ʒeGV | ||
to eat *ʒeGV | ||
to eat *ʔitV | ||
to eat *ʔitV | ||
to eat, gulp *ḳVmV | ||
to eat, gulp *ḳVmV | ||
to enter, go *ŋēni | ||
to fall *ḳVtV | ||
to fall *ṗeṭV | ||
to fall, (down) *ṗeṭV | ||
to fall, fly *ṗVjlV | ||
to fall, soar *ṗVjlV | ||
to fear, be angry *belHi | ||
to fear, be scared *belHi | ||
to ferment, squeeze juice *zUkV | ||
to fill, stuff *ṭVmV | ||
to finish *ḳUdV | ||
to finish *ḳUdV | ||
to fit, be good *dUgV | ||
to fit, be good *ḳVnV | ||
to flash, shine *CVlV | ||
to flow, drip *CurV / *CorV | ||
to flow, drip *CurV / *CorV | ||
to flow, pour *tUKV | ||
to follow, send, leave *lVjḳV | ||
to follow, send, leave *lVjḳV | ||
to get *gVṭV | ||
to give *be[rH]u | ||
to give *be[rH]u | ||
to give *cwVHV | ||
to give *dwV[H]V | ||
to give *dwV[H]V | ||
to give birth, family *KVmV | ||
to gnaw *kVngV | ||
to go *gVwV / *gwVjV | ||
to go *meŋV | ||
to go, come *ŋēni (also *ŋāńi) | ||
to go, come *ʒ́wVHV | ||
to go, come, drive *ʒwVHV | ||
to go, follow *gVwV / *gwVjV | ||
to go, walk *mVrV | ||
to grasp *HaṗV | ||
to grasp *HaṗV | ||
to grasp *ḳaṗV | ||
to grasp *ḳaṗV | ||
to grasp, seize *[p]itV | ||
to grow *zVr(d)V ( ~ *ʒ-) | ||
to grow, become *buHi | ||
to hang *tajV | ||
to hang down; stand *[s]VŋʒwV | ||
to harm, break *kUŋ[d]V | ||
to hate, be annoyed *CVrV | ||
to hate, be annoyed *ǯVrV | ||
to hear *ḳiwlV | ||
to hide, protect *ḳVrV | ||
to hide, secret *KuĺV | ||
to hit, break *ḳVkV | ||
to hit, push *mVqwV | ||
to hold *gerV | ||
to hold, seize *ʔanV | ||
to howl, cry *wVlV | ||
to howl, cry *wVlV | ||
to join, together *anTV | ||
to join, together *anTV | ||
to jump, run *lVKV | ||
to kindle, dry *ḳVs(w)V | ||
to know *cwVnV | ||
to know *g(w)enV | ||
to know *g(w)enV | ||
to know, consider *CVḥV | ||
to know, think *ćwVnV (also *sVnV) | ||
to know, think *sVnV | ||
to lead *wetV | ||
to lead, to go *wetV (also *dwVwV 'run') | ||
to let, agree *šVwV | ||
to lick *l[a]pV | ||
to lick *talV | ||
to lick, swallow *lVm(ŋ)V | ||
to lick; lip *l[a]pV | ||
to lie *ḳVwjV | ||
to lie, fall down *kVlV | ||
to lie, sleep (also 'fall') *kVlV | ||
to listen, hear *alV | ||
to listen, hear *alV | ||
to live *ḥujV | ||
to live *ḥujV | ||
to look, show *tVjḳV | ||
to lose, hide *KuĺV | ||
to make *wärV | ||
to make *wärV | ||
to marry *KVmV | ||
to match, fit *ḳVnV | ||
to melt, flow *dVnV | ||
to melt, flow *dVnV | ||
to mix, join *kalV | ||
to move *SVlV | ||
to move *SVlV | ||
to move quickly *ńowda | ||
to move quickly, pursue *ńowda | ||
to move, push *mVqwV | ||
to move, step *ćeKV | ||
to open, spread *ṗanCV | ||
to open, spread *ʔaḳa | ||
to peel, naked *luku | ||
to pierce *CoḳV | ||
to pierce *CoḳV (also *čVḳV) | ||
to plait *źVḳV | ||
to plait, something plaited *zVḳV | ||
to plait, weave *HUbV | ||
to plait, weave *HUbV | ||
to plait, weave, rope *rVCV | ||
to plant vertically *tIgwV | ||
to polish, rub *ṗIḳV | ||
to pour *L[ä]jV | ||
to pour *lVHwV | ||
to pour *ṗVHV to pour, drink | ||
to pour, drink *ṗVHV | ||
to pour, drop *tUKV | ||
to pour, stream *ʒwVHlV | ||
to prepare food *piCV | ||
to prepare food *piCV | ||
to press, seize *ńamV | ||
to press, seize *ńamV | ||
to pull *ṭVnV | ||
to pull, stretch *ṭVnV | ||
to push, beat *nVq̇V | ||
to push, beat *nVq̇V | ||
to push, pull *ńukV | ||
to put *dVʕV (*d[i]ɣV) | ||
to put *dVʕV (*d[i]ɣV) | ||
to put *ṗanV | ||
to receive (+ bestow) *HVlV | ||
to rise *kVdwV | ||
to rise *kVdwV to rise | ||
to rise, raise *ḲaLi | ||
to rise, raise *ḲaLi | ||
to rise; move, go *Horä | ||
to roll *HUlV | ||
to roll *HUlV | ||
to roll, twist *murV | ||
to rub, crumble *ṗVšV | ||
to rub, scratch *ṗIḳV | ||
to run *dwVwV | ||
to run *ḳacwV | ||
to run *ṭoKV | ||
to run *ṭoKV | ||
to run *ʔurKV | ||
to run, road *ṭVŕgV | ||
to say *tVHV | ||
to say, call *wVḳV | ||
to say, pray *mVlV | ||
to scatter *s(w)VcwV | ||
to scrape *ḳirV | ||
to scrape *ḳirV; also *gVrV scratch, *gVrVbV notch, sign | ||
to scrape *ḳV[sw]V | ||
to scratch *gVrV | ||
to scratch *xVḳV | ||
to scratch *xVḳV | ||
to see *ʔVwʒwV(HV) | ||
to see, eye *silV | ||
to see, eye *wEdwV | ||
to see, eye *ʔVnjV | ||
to see, guard *HwVjV | ||
to see, guard *HwVjV | ||
to see, inspect *silV | ||
to see, know *šVḳV | ||
to see, know *šVḳV ( ~ *ć`w-) | ||
to see, know, search *wEdwV | ||
to see, perceive *ʔVwCV(HV) (also *ʔincV) | ||
to seize, press *[p]itV | ||
to shake *dVrV | ||
to shine, be visible *nVkV | ||
to shine, glitter, flash *laṗV | ||
to shout, sound *ḳVwV | ||
to sift *sVjHV | ||
to sink *č`VṗV | ||
to sink *č`VṗV | ||
to slide, creep *ʒVlV | ||
to speak *ḥVwV | ||
to speak *ḥVwV | ||
to speak *watV | ||
to speak *watV | ||
to speak, shout *sVjwV | ||
to speak, shout *sVjwV ( ~ *ś-) | ||
to speak, sound *muɣrV | ||
to spin, plait *wVŕV ( ~ *HuŕV) | ||
to spin, wind *KVrV | ||
to split, bore *lUŋ(k)V | ||
to spread *ṗVrjV | ||
to spread, long *pVdV | ||
to spread, strew *CVχrV | ||
to stand *čwVrV | ||
to stand *sVlV | ||
to stand, hang down *sVŋʒ́V | ||
to stand, plant vertically *tIgwV | ||
to stand, rise *ŋwVkV | ||
to stay *menV | ||
to stay, be, stand *nV(w)HV | ||
to stay, reside *menV | ||
to stick in, pierce *NEgV | ||
to stick in, pierce *NEgV | ||
to stir, mix *bulV | ||
to stir, puddle *bulV | ||
to stretch, stand *nV(w)HV | ||
to strike fire *cVḳV ( ~ *č-) | ||
to submerge *kUdV | ||
to suck *[c`w]VṗV | ||
to suck *ʔEmV | ||
to suck *CVrbV | ||
to suck, leech *[c]VrbV | ||
to suffer *C(w)VHrV | ||
to suffer *c`VHrV | ||
to suffer *dVwV | ||
to suffer, die *dVwV | ||
to suffer, die *enV | ||
to suffer; pain *enV | ||
to suffice, be full *cwalV | ||
to swallow *HVṗV | ||
to swallow *L[ü]ḳa | ||
to swallow *L[ü]ḳa | ||
to swallow *lVm(ŋ)V | ||
to swallow *Sem[H]V | ||
to swallow *Sem[H]V | ||
to swallow, drink *tVrV | ||
to swallow, gobble *muḳV | ||
to swallow, throat *balʕ[u] | ||
to swallow, throat *gwVrV | ||
to swallow, throat *gwVrV | ||
to swallow, throat; pipe *balʕ[u] | ||
to sweep *swxVjṗV | ||
to take *bari | ||
to take *bari | ||
to take *kantV | ||
to take care of, honour *ʔVjsV | ||
to take, receive *HVlV | ||
to taste, eat *č`VmV | ||
to taste, sour *xamV | ||
to tear, break, split *p`äŕ[a] | ||
to tear, break, split *p`äŕ[a] | ||
to tear, rip *ḳV[ǯ]V | ||
to think *manu | ||
to think *manu | ||
to think, dream *ʒVm(ŋ)V | ||
to tie, bind *ḳVńV | ||
to tie, bind *ḳVńV | ||
to tie, net *taxlwV | ||
to touch *tVKV | ||
to trace *Koki | ||
to trace *Koki | ||
to tremble *dVrV | ||
to turn round *ṭurV | ||
to turn round *ṭurV | ||
to understand, brain (?) *ʔVŋV | ||
to understand, see *gUrV | ||
to understand, see *gUrV | ||
to urinate *swiḳV ( ~ šw-) | ||
to wake *[š]ehŕa | ||
to wake *źwehŕa | ||
to wake, become clear *ṭVlV | ||
to wake; see > eye *ṭVlV | ||
to walk, go *gVrV | ||
to walk, run *gVrV | ||
to walk, run *meŋV | ||
to wash, soak *lVHwV | ||
to weaken, disappear *mVjV | ||
to weaken, disappear *mVjV | ||
to wear out; weak, exhausted *lVCV | ||
to wear, put on *wVc`V | ||
to weave (a lattice?) *rVcV ( ~ -c`-) | ||
to wink, eyelid *c`VmrV | ||
to wish *h/a/wV | ||
to wish *wiʎ/g/V | ||
to wish *wiʎ/g/V | ||
to wish *h/a/wV | ||
to wish, help *ʔVnV(jV) | ||
to wish, let *šVwV | ||
to worry, be stupid *buḳV | ||
to wound, kill *ʔewV | ||
to wound, kill *ʔewV | ||
tongue *tilV(ŋV) | ||
tongue *tilV(ŋV) | ||
tongue, to speak *Ḳä[lH]ä | ||
tongue, to speak *Ḳä[lH]ä | ||
tooth *palV | ||
tooth *palV | ||
tooth, peg *ɣoŋɣV | ||
tooth, sharp edge *ḳVmbV | ||
tooth, sharp edge *ḳVmbV | ||
top *ḳVḳV | ||
top *ḳVḳV | ||
top *mVĺV | ||
top of head *KVmPV | ||
top of head *KVmPV | ||
top of head, hair *TUmV | ||
top of head, hair of head *TUmV | ||
top of head, horn *ḳirV | ||
top, summit *cimu ( ~ č-, č`-) | ||
touch, plaster *ṭaṗV | ||
touch, plaster, attach *ṭaṗV | ||
tramp, step *ceKV | ||
tree *ṗUjV | ||
tree *ṗUjV | ||
tree *widV | ||
tree, wood *dʷirV | ||
tree, wood *dʷirV | ||
twig, branch *c`UlV | ||
twig, rod *šVṭV | ||
twist *murV | ||
twist, weave *tVḳV | ||
two *malV | ||
two *tuʔV ( ~ *tuq̇V) | ||
two *tuʔV ( ~ *tuq̇V) | ||
two / four / eight *NVlV | ||
two, pair *gagtV | ||
two, pair *jVŕV | ||
two, pair *jVŕV | ||
understand, brain *ʔVŋV | ||
ungulate *ʔirV | ||
ungulate *ʔirV | ||
upper part of chest, collarbone *kVŋkV | ||
urine, urinate *swiḳV ( ~ šw-) | ||
valley *gowlV | ||
valley, deep *gowlV | ||
vessel *kala | ||
vessel *kala | ||
vessel *ḳaṗV | ||
vessel *ḳaṗV | ||
vessel *ḳVwKV | ||
village *koṭV | ||
village, house *koṭV | ||
village, hut *ḳojmV | ||
vulva *p`u[ṭ]V | ||
vulva *pVjcV ( ~ -č-) | ||
wake *ṗuKdV | ||
walk, roam, ford *kä[lH]V | ||
walk, roam, ford *kä[lH]V | ||
walk, run, road (several roots? assimilations) *ṭVŕgV | ||
warm *kačV 'warm' | ||
warm *lVmV | ||
warm *ṭ[ä]pV | ||
warm *ṭ[ä]pV | ||
wash *bVnV | ||
wash *mVs(k)V ( ~ -ʒ-) | ||
wash *mVś(k)V ( ~ -ʒ́-) | ||
wash, flow *HVrcV ( ~ -c`-) | ||
water *bVnV | ||
water *wetV | ||
water *wetV | ||
water *ʕEḳu | ||
water *ʕEḳu | ||
water, pour *ʒwVHlV | ||
water, to submerge *kUdV | ||
water, wet *mEwV | ||
water, wet *mEwV | ||
we (pronoun) *wV | ||
we, I [first person pronoun] *wV we | ||
weak *HalV (also *lVjV) | ||
weak *lVjV | ||
weak *ṭVrV | ||
weak, lax *lVjńV | ||
weak, tired *HalV | ||
weak, tired, dead *ŋVwV | ||
weak, young *ṭVrV | ||
wear, dress *wVCV | ||
weary, tired *ēco ( ~ -č-) | ||
wet *(H)wiɫV | ||
wet *(H)wiɫV wet | ||
wet *mäŕä | ||
wet *mäŕä | ||
wet *mVk`V | ||
what, interrogative pronoun *mV | ||
white *swVḳV ( ~ cw−,č𝑤-,čw-) | ||
white, clean *swVḳV ( ~ cw-,čw-) | ||
who *CV | ||
who, what *ḳV | ||
whole *ḳVĺwV | ||
whole, all, combine *ḳVĺwV | ||
whole, full *ćwalV | ||
wide *ṗaṭV | ||
wide, open *ṗaṭV | ||
willow *čwalV | ||
willow *čwalV | ||
wind, to blow *CalV | ||
wing; arm *gara | ||
winter ~ spring *PVnV | ||
winter, cold *gImV | ||
winter, cold *gImV | ||
wish *ʔVnV(jV) | ||
wolf, dog *ḲüjnA | ||
wolf, dog *ḲüjnA | ||
woman *k/u/nV | ||
woman *k/u/nV | ||
woman, female *nVzV ( ~ -ʒ-) | ||
wood *widV | ||
worm *ḲorV | ||
worm *ḲorV | ||
worm *kuńV (if < *kuj-nV?) | ||
worm *mVṭV | ||
worm *mVṭV | ||
worm *ṗäri | ||
worm *ṗäri | ||
worm, insect *ḳwVŋV | ||
worm, insect *ŋalmV | ||
year *w[e]ṭV | ||
year *w[e]ṭV | ||
year, old *CVnV | ||
year, old *zVnV | ||
you *si | ||
young *bāla 'child, young' | ||
young animal, plant *ṭVlV | ||
young animal, plant *ṭVlV | ||
young male *majrV | ||
young male *majrV | ||
young man *ḳacV ( ~ -c`-) | ||
young of animals *ḳʷVŕV | ||
young of animals *ḳʷVŕV | ||
young, child *ḲanV | ||
young, child *ḲanV |
Etymologies possibly linked to Afroasiatic
Etymologies possibly linked to Sino-Caucasian
Etymologies possibly linked to Austric
Etymologies possibly linked to Macro-Khoisan
Proto-Atlanto-Mediterranean | Meaning | Proto-Khoisan |
---|---|---|
*dʑoa | ashes | *ʒ́o[a] |
*tshaʔ | cold | *cha- |
*ʢa | deictic stem | *Ha |
*tʼʔu | dew | *ǀu |
*tɬʼʔ[χ]uɦ | dry | *ǀǀXU |
*[ts]uɦ | excrement | *CU |
*[ts]a(ɴ) | fat | *Ca(N) |
*vuɦ | father | *BU |
*tʼʔʁ° | hair | *ǀʁV |
*tɬau | hand | *ƛ[a]u |
*ɳtsʼʔuʔ | kidney | *ɳ!u- |
*gtʼʔa | leaf | *ɡǀa |
*tɬaɴ° | lizard | *ƛaNV |
*pʼʔha | meat | *ʘha |
*ʢaj° | mother | *[H]aj- |
*tɬʼakʼ°ɴ° | shoe | *ƛ̣aḳVNV |
*tsʼ°kʼ° | smoke | *c̣VḳV |
*ʎiʔ | to blow the nose; snot | *ʎi- |
*tɬ°[k]° | to chop | *ƛVKV |
*kxe | to cry, sound | *kxe |
*k°ʔ°ŋ | to know | *kVʔV[ŋ] |
*i[ts]aʔ | to steal | *[i]Ca- |
*tɬʼʔkxa | to wash | *ǀǀkxa |
*tɬʼʔɢoʔ | tortoise | *ǀǀGo- |