Proto-Atlanto-Mediterranean/Lexicon: Difference between revisions
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!Proto-Atlanto-Mediterranean | !Proto-Atlanto-Mediterranean | ||
!Meaning | !Meaning | ||
! | !Eurasiatic | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |*[k]°rd° | ||
|a bird of prey | |a bird of prey | ||
|*KVrdV | |*KVrdV | ||
|- | |||
|*[ts]°n[ts]° | |||
|a biting insect | |||
|*CVnCV | |||
|- | |||
|*n° | |||
|a deictic element | |||
|*nV | |||
|- | |||
|*n° | |||
|a demonstrative element | |||
|*nV | |||
|- | |||
|*tʼ°k° *dw°kʼ° | |||
|a horned animal | |||
|*ṭVkV (*dwVḳV) | |||
|- | |||
|*m°r° | |||
|a kind of berry | |||
|*mVrV | |||
|- | |||
|*tʃʼw°ʢkʼ° | |||
|a kind of bird | |||
|*[č`w]VHḳV | |||
|- | |||
|*[ts]°m° | |||
|a kind of bird | |||
|*CVmV | |||
|- | |||
|*[ts]°m° | |||
|a kind of bird | |||
|*CVmV | |||
|- | |||
|*ʢal°kʼ° | |||
|a kind of bird | |||
|*HalVḳV | |||
|- | |||
|*ʢal°kʼ° | |||
|a kind of bird | |||
|*HalVḳV | |||
|- | |||
|*kjama | |||
|a kind of (aquatic) bird | |||
|*k[i̯a]ma | |||
|- | |||
|*kaɴ° | |||
|a kind of bird | |||
|*kaNV | |||
|- | |||
|*kaɴ° | |||
|a kind of bird | |||
|*kaNV | |||
|- | |||
|*kʼuɦʎ° | |||
|a kind of bird | |||
|*ḳUĺV | |||
|- | |||
|*kʼuɦʎ° | |||
|a kind of bird | |||
|*ḳUĺV | |||
|- | |||
|*k°pʼ° | |||
|a kind of bird | |||
|*kVṗV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of bird | ||
|*kVṗV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of bird | |||
|*kwVtV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of bird | ||
|*kwVtV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of bird | |||
|*ĺVkĺVkV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of bird | ||
|*sVgV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of bird | |||
|*SVlwV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of bird | ||
|*SVlwV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of bird | |||
|*ṭVrV / *ṭVṭVrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of bird (gallinacean) | ||
|*KVwrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of bone | |||
|*c`iŋu | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of cereal | ||
|*lVnṭV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of cereal | |||
|*lVnṭV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of duck | ||
|*ṭVḳV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of duck or hen | |||
|*ṭVḳV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of fish | ||
|*č`VHmV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|(a) kind of fish | |||
|*kećä | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of fish | ||
|*kVrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of fish | |||
|*kVrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of fish; salmon | ||
|*ńowŋa | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of fruit | |||
|*mVsV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of fruit | ||
|*mVsV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of gallinacean bird | |||
|*KVwrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of grass | ||
|*wVĺV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of grass | |||
|*wVĺV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of grass | ||
|*cVmV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of horned animal | |||
|*mula | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a k | |a kind of horned animal | ||
|*mula | |||
|- | |||
|*tʃjuːppa *tʃjuːppu | |||
|a kind of insect | |||
|*či̯ū́ p𝑖̯ū́𝑝a ( ~ -u) | |||
|- | |||
|*[k]uɦm° | |||
|a kind of insect | |||
|*KUmV | |||
|- | |||
|*[k]uɦm° | |||
|a kind of insect | |||
|*KUmV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of insect | |||
|*ḳUṭḳV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of insect | ||
|*ḳUṭḳV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of insect | |||
|*lVŋV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of insect | ||
|*m[a]ŋi | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of insect | |||
|*mVḳV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of insect | ||
|*mVḳV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of insect | |||
|*pUḳV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of insect | ||
|*pVN(T)V | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of insect | |||
|*ṗVnǯV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of insect, louse | ||
|*ṗVnǯV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of liquid | |||
|*c`UtV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of onion | ||
|*sUŋV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of predator | |||
|*bVrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of predator | ||
|*KVrdV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of rodent | |||
|*[xq̇]wĕ[l]ʕǝ́ | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of sack | ||
|*lVmV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of tree | |||
|*jVwV (*ʔVjwV) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of tree | ||
|*jVwV (*ʔVjwV) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of tree | |||
|*kojw[a] | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of tree | ||
|*NEḳrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of tree | |||
|*ʔilVmV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of ungulate | ||
|*cVHnV ( ~ *c`-) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of ungulate | |||
|*CVxnV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of ungulate | ||
|*mVnV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of vessel | |||
|*ḳVwKV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a kind of vessel | ||
|*pVNV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a kind of water bird (gull) | |||
|*sVgV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a part of leg, foot | ||
|*lVlV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a small animal | |||
|*cwVkV ( ~ čw-) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |a stinging insect | ||
|*mVwć`wV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|a stinging insect | |||
|*pUḳV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |all | ||
|*eli | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|all, join | |||
|*kalV | |||
|- | |||
|*tʃakiː | |||
|an insect; a kind of insect | |||
|*čă k𝑎̆𝑘i | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |an insect | ||
|*mVwcwV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|an internal organ | |||
|*CV(n)CV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |an ungulate | ||
|*morV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|angry | |||
|*jVrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |animal hair | ||
|*mVńCV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|animal hair | |||
|*mVńcV ( ~ -c`-) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |antelope | ||
|*gujrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|antelope | |||
|*gujrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |arm | ||
|*gara | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|arm | |||
|*küjnV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |arm | ||
|*lVlV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|arm, leg | |||
|*ćVḳV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |armpit | ||
|*ḳVwVŋV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|army, people | |||
|*čVbV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |ashes, burn 1; light 2 | ||
|*ṗVdwV 1; *pi̯ŏ t𝑖̯𝑜̆𝑡e ( ~ -t-, *pi̯ă t𝑖̯𝑎̆𝑡u) 2 | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|ashes, dirt | |||
|*ṗVlV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |back | ||
|*dVgV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|back | |||
|*gedV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |back | ||
|*gedV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|back | |||
|*sVrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |back | ||
|*tVbV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|back | |||
|*tVbV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |back | ||
|*ʔarV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|back | |||
|*ʔarV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |back, rear | ||
|*kuNṭV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|back, side | |||
|*ṗVŋV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |bad | ||
|*bVHCV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bad | |||
|*ʔVkV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |bad | ||
|*ʔVkV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bad, dirty | |||
|*darV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |bad, dirty | ||
|*darV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bad, evil | |||
|*bVHCV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |bad, harm | ||
|*sogwV ( ~ š-) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bark | |||
|*ḳerV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |bark | ||
|*ḳerV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bark | |||
|*ḲopV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |bark | ||
|*ḲopV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bark | |||
|*ḳuLV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |bark | ||
|*ḳVrṗV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bark, cover | |||
|*ṭUgV ( ~ -H-) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |bark, peel | ||
|*ḳuLV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bark, skin | |||
|*ḳVrṗV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |basket | ||
|*ḳocV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|basket | |||
|*ḳoćV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |be angry | ||
|*kwVrV (~ gw) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|be angry | |||
|*kwVrV (~ gw) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |be destroyed, fall apart | ||
|*HVŕV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|be full | |||
|*ḳOṗV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |be full, complete | ||
|*ḳOṗV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|be ill | |||
|*lVχV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |be ill | ||
|*lVχV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|be satiated | |||
|*HVwV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |be smooth | ||
|*gVlV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|be visible, see | |||
|*nVkV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |beat | ||
|*biχV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|beat | |||
|*biχV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |beat | ||
|*ṭoḳV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|beat | |||
|*ṭoḳV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |beat, break | ||
|*buṭV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|beat, hit | |||
|*SUTV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |beat, hit | ||
|*SUTV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|beat, hit | |||
|*ṭapħa | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |beat, hit | ||
|*ṭapħa | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bee | |||
|*ṗVrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |bee, insect | ||
|*ṗVrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|behind, buttock | |||
|*[šw]VtV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |behind, buttock | ||
|*SVtV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|belly | |||
|*wa[n]čV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |belly | ||
|*wa[n]ʒ́wV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|belly, entrails | |||
|*gwVlV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |belly, heart | ||
|*kuŋV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|belly, heart | |||
|*kuŋV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |belly, intestines | ||
|*gUtV / *kUtV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|belly, intestines | |||
|*gUtV / *kUtV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |belly, liver | ||
|*gwVlV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|belly, stomach | |||
|*Ḳarbi | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |belly, stomach | ||
|*Ḳarbi | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|below | |||
|*HalV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |below | ||
|*HalV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bend | |||
|*ḳVlV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |bend | ||
|*ḳVŋV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bend | |||
|*ṭoŋV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |berry | ||
|*mVrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|big | |||
|*mVkV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |big | ||
|*t`VwjV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|big | |||
|*wol[a] | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|a | |big | ||
|*wol[a] | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|big fish | |||
|*ḳUlV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |big fish | ||
|*ḳUlV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|big tree | |||
|*dVnwV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |big tree | ||
|*dVnwV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|big, full | |||
|*tVdV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |big, heavy | ||
|*pVKV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|big, large | |||
|*mVkV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |big, thick | ||
|*č`oḳV ( ~ -q̇-) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|big, thick | |||
|*č`oḳV ( ~ -q̇-) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |big, thick | ||
|*tVdV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|big, very | |||
|*ʔVnV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |big, very | ||
|*ʔVnV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bile | |||
|*bišV ( ~ -č`-) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |bind | ||
|*KuTV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bind | |||
|*KVrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |birch | ||
|*kojw[a] | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bird | |||
|*[č`w]VHḳV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |bird | ||
|*HVwjV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bird | |||
|*HVwjV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |bird's tail | ||
|*ṗVńcwV ( ~ -c`w-) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bite, chew | |||
|*käjwV (-b-) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |bite, tear | ||
|*ḳVCV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|biting insect | |||
|*CVnCV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |bitter | ||
|*gVcwV(~-čw-) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bitter | |||
|*sVbV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |bitter, gall | ||
|*bišV ( ~ -č`-) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bitter, sour | |||
|*gVcwV(~−č𝑤𝑉(~-čw- ) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |black | ||
|*ḳarV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|black | |||
|*ḳarV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |black | ||
|*ʔVbV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|black | |||
|*ʔVbV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |black, dark | ||
|*ḳUmV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|black, dark | |||
|*ḳUmV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |black, dark | ||
|*mVCHV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|black, dark; black | |||
|*nal- | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |black, night | ||
|*sVrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|black-cock | |||
|*ṭVrV / *ṭVṭVrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |blade, awl | ||
|*ʔVlV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|blade, whetstone | |||
|*ʔVlV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |blister, abscess | ||
|*HVlVḳV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|blister, wound | |||
|*HVlVḳV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |blood | ||
|*bUjlV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|blood | |||
|*bUjlV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |blood | ||
|*ḳVnV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|blood | |||
|*wirV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |blood | ||
|*ʔVsxV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|blood, blood vessel | |||
|*ḳVnV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |blood, breath | ||
|*HwinV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|blood, breath | |||
|*ʔVsxV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |blood, red | ||
|*ḳurV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|blood, red | |||
|*ḳurV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |blood, spirit; spirit; blood | ||
|*cwVnV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|blood; marrow | |||
|*mVLV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |blood; red | ||
|*wirV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|blue | |||
|*swVNV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |blue | ||
|*swVNV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|board, stick | |||
|*ṭVlV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |body | ||
|*bVdV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|body, belly | |||
|*bVdV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |boil | ||
|*borV, *buŕa | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|boil | |||
|*borV, *buŕa | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |boil, burn | ||
|*ḳVju | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bone | |||
|*girV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |bone | ||
|*girV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bone | |||
|*HV(w)[č`]V | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |bone | ||
|*HV(w)čV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bone | |||
|*ḳač`V | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |bone | ||
|*ḳaCV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bone | |||
|*ʒ́VmV (*c`iŋu) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |bone, tooth | ||
|*ṗVjNV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bone, tooth | |||
|*ṗVjNV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |bosom | ||
|*ʔVṗV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bosom | |||
|*ʔVṗV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |bovine; horse | ||
|*luwV (*luɣV) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bow | |||
|*büḲa | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |bow, arc | ||
|*ṭoŋV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bow, lean | |||
|*tajV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |brain | ||
|*mVŋV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|brain | |||
|*mVŋV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |brain, head | ||
|*wVṭV(mV) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|brain, marrow; head | |||
|*wVṭV(mV) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |branch | ||
|*rVṭV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|branch, rod | |||
|*rVṭV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |branch, stick | ||
|*HelV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|branch, twig, rod | |||
|*šVṭV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |break, chop | ||
|*cVṗV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|break, split | |||
|*buṭV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |breast | ||
|*[c]V(n)ʒwV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|breast | |||
|*ḳerdV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |breast | ||
|*ṗome | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|breast, belly | |||
|*ʔudV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |breast, udder | ||
|*mälgi | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|breast, udder | |||
|*mälgi | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |breath, smell | ||
|*sVwHV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bright | |||
|*bVrḳV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |bright | ||
|*ʔVǯV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|bright | |||
|*ʔVǯV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |brown | ||
|*boŕa | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|brown | |||
|*boŕa | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |brown, dark | ||
|*KVŋV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|brown, yellow | |||
|*KVŋV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |bug, flea | ||
|*ŋalmV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|build, house | |||
|*dwVmV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |burn; bonfire | ||
|*mūga | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|burn | |||
|*ṗaĺV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |burn | ||
|*ṗaĺV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|burn | |||
|*ṗVrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |burn | ||
|*wVrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|burn | |||
|*wVrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |burn, bake | ||
|*buKV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|burn, boil; burn, kindle | |||
|*t`èmo ( ~ t-) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |burn, fire | ||
|*qoṭi | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|burn, fire | |||
|*qoṭi | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |burn, fire | ||
|*t`ülV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|burn, hot coals | |||
|*gUrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |burn, hot coals | ||
|*gUrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|burn, roast | |||
|*buKV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |burn, roast, dry | ||
|*ḳVńV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|burn, shine | |||
|*Cajŋa | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |burn, shine | ||
|*ʒajŋa | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|burst | |||
|*paḳV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |butterfly | ||
|*ṗVrṗVlV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|butterfly | |||
|*ṗVrṗVlV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |buy, sell | ||
|*ṗVrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|calf | |||
|*ṗVrV ( ~ p-) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |calf, bull | ||
|*ṗVrV ( ~ p-) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|cattle; horse | |||
|*morV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |cave, hole | ||
|*ḳVjwV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|cave, hole | |||
|*ḳVjwV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |cheek | ||
|*ṗVlV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|chest, belly | |||
|*bUrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |chest, belly | ||
|*bUrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|child | |||
|*mVḳV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |child, to bear | ||
|*berV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|child, to bear | |||
|*berV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |chin | ||
|*kenV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|chin | |||
|*kenV (*kVngV) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |chin, beard; cheek bone | ||
|*čò k𝑜̀𝑘e ( ~ -i̯u-) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|chin, jaw | |||
|*kVṗV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |chop | ||
|*cVṗV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|chopped piece, to cut | |||
|*ḳUṭV (*ḳVtV) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |clan member | ||
|*ʔarV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|clay, mud | |||
|*pVnV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |clay, mud | ||
|*pVnV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|clothing | |||
|*ḳa(j)dV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |cloud | ||
|*bVl(w)V | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|cloud | |||
|*bVl(w)V | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |coals, burn | ||
|*CuxLV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|coals, soot, burn | |||
|*CuxLV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |cold | ||
|*[z]VrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |cold | ||
|*KurV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|cold | |||
|*KurV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |cold | ||
|*SVŋV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|cold | |||
|*ʒ́VrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |cold, frost | ||
|*SVŋV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|come, go; rise | |||
|*Horä | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |coniferous tree | ||
|*pVnč`wV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|coniferous tree, resin | |||
|*pVnč`wV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |corner, enclosure | ||
|*ḳVnVṭV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|corner, wall | |||
|*ḳVnVṭV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |court, enclosure | ||
|*dwVrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|cover | |||
|*ṭUgV ( ~ -H-) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |cover, close | ||
|*ḳaṗV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|cover, close | |||
|*ḳaṗV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |crane | ||
|*kar-/*ker- | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|crane | |||
|*kar-/*ker- | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |crust | ||
|*c`VrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|curved, bent | |||
|*ḳUrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |cut | ||
|*čVḳV ( ~ *č`-) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|cut | |||
|*ḳUṭV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |cut | ||
|*ḳVc`V | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|cut | |||
|*kVlV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |cut, sharp | ||
|*CarV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dark | |||
|*HamV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dark | ||
|*rVmV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dark | |||
|*rVmV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dark | ||
|*sVmV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dark | |||
|*ṭVmV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dark | ||
|*ṭVmV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dark, black; dark | |||
|*muṭV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dark, black | ||
|*mVCHV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dark, black; dark | |||
|*sVmV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dark, cloudy | ||
|*muṭV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|darkness, night | |||
|*kVcwV ( ~ -čw-) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dawn | ||
|*gojńV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dawn, light | |||
|*gojńV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dawn, light | ||
|*lVwŋV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dawn, noon | |||
|*lVwŋV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |day, shine | ||
|*dʷVjɣV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|day, shine | |||
|*dʷVjɣV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |day, sun, light | ||
|*ŋera | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|decease | |||
|*ŋVwV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |deer | ||
|*mVnV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|deer | |||
|*ʔelV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |deer | ||
|*ʔelV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|deer, antilope | |||
|*ʔoru | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |deer, he-goat | ||
|*pOgV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|demonstrative pronoun | |||
|*mV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |demonstrative pronoun | ||
|*mV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|demonstrative pronoun | |||
|*ṭV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |demonstrative pronoun | ||
|*ṭV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|demonstrative pronoun | |||
|*ḳV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |demonstrative pronoun | ||
|*sV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dew, liquid | |||
|*rVCV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |die, finish | ||
|*muṭV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|die, starve | |||
|*HwelV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |die; kill | ||
|*nek'- | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dig, hack | |||
|*ḳVṗV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |direction, road | ||
|*gwVCV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|direction, road, pass | |||
|*gwVCV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dirt | ||
|*böḳa | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dirt | |||
|*c`VrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dirt | ||
|*c`VrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dirt | |||
|*kodV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dirt | ||
|*kodV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dirt | |||
|*lVḳwV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dirt, earth | ||
|*magV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dirt, faeces | |||
|*[ʒ]VḳV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dirt, faeces | ||
|*SVḳV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dog | |||
|*KUCV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dog | ||
|*ḳVpV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dog | |||
|*ḳVpV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dog | ||
|*ŋindV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dog | |||
|*ŋindV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dog | ||
|*ŋVḳV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dog, wolf | |||
|*bVrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dog, wolf | ||
|*KUCV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dog, wolf | |||
|*ŋVḳV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dream | ||
|*CVm(ŋ)V | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|drink | |||
|*jVgU | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |drink, liquid | ||
|*CUtV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|drink, swallow | |||
|*ʔEmV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |drink, water | ||
|*HVṗV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dry | |||
|*gwVlV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dry | ||
|*ḳVjwV(rV) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dry | |||
|*ḳVjwV(rV) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dry | ||
|*kVkV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dry | |||
|*kVk𝑉𝑘V | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dry | ||
|*KVmV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dry | |||
|*ḳVs(w)V | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dry | ||
|*sušV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dry | |||
|*śušV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dry, burn | ||
|*gwVlV (*/ḳ/alV) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dung, mud | |||
|*ḳorV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dust | ||
|*bur(H)V | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dust | |||
|*bur(H)V | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dust, ashes | ||
|*ṭVṭV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dust, ashes, smoke | |||
|*ṭVṭV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dust, dirt | ||
|*böḳa | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|dwelling | |||
|*gülV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |dwelling | ||
|*gülV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|ear | |||
|*KVrWV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |ear | ||
|*KVrWV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|early | |||
|*ʔVCV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |early | ||
|*ʔVrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|early | |||
|*ʔVrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |early, dawn | ||
|*ʔVcwV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|earth | |||
|*DVG- | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |earth | ||
|*DVG- | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|earth | |||
|*magV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |earth, dust | ||
|*ṭVŕV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|earth, dust | |||
|*ṭVŕV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |eat | ||
|*tin- | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|eat | |||
|*UNV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |eat, drink | ||
|*UNV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|edge; top, summit | |||
|*cimu ( ~ ć-, č-, č`-) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |edge | ||
|*Hońća | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|edge | |||
|*HońcV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |edge | ||
|*mVcV ( ~ -c`-) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|edge | |||
|*ṗerV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |edge | ||
|*PVlV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|edge | |||
|*PVlV (*ṗVlV) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |edge, side | ||
|*mVcV ( ~ -c`-) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|edge, side | |||
|*ṗerV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |egg | ||
|*ṭUĺV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|egg | |||
|*ṭUĺV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |elbow, forearm | ||
|*c`VjḳV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|elbow, knee | |||
|*küjnV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |elder brother or sister | ||
|*ʔaḳV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|elder brother/sister | |||
|*eńV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |elder male relative, father | ||
|*ʔVṭV (*tajV) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|elder relative | |||
|*ʔaḳV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |elder relative | ||
|*ʔVṭV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|elm | |||
|*ʔilVmV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |enclosure | ||
|*gErV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|enclosure | |||
|*gVrdV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |enclosure | ||
|*gVrdV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|enclosure | |||
|*wVč`V ( ~ -ǯ-) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |enclosure, yard | ||
|*dwVrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|enclosure, yard | |||
|*gErV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |end; mouth | ||
|*[s]UwV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|enemy | |||
|*ḳarV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |enemy | ||
|*ḳarV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|evening | |||
|*SVKV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |evening | ||
|*sVrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|evening | |||
|*ʒwVṗV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |evening, sleep | ||
|*ʒwVṗV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|extinguish | |||
|*sun(d)V ( ~ ś-, š-) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |eye, see | ||
|*HuḲa | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|eye, see | |||
|*HuḲa | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |eye, see | ||
|*HwVlV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|eyebrow (> eyelid); hair of head | |||
|*SVmrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |face | ||
|*mVŋV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|face, chin | |||
|*kVṗV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |face, forehead | ||
|*pVNV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|face, head | |||
|*mVĺV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |face, head | ||
|*mVṭV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|face, head | |||
|*pVNV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |face, nose, mouth | ||
|*mVŋV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|face, skin on head | |||
|*mVṭV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |fall | ||
|*ḳVtV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|fall, descend | |||
|*HewV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |fall, descend, disappear | ||
|*HewV(jV) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|far; next | |||
|*ḳUlV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |fart | ||
|*PV[s]V | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|fart | |||
|*PVSV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |fat | ||
|*gwVjV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|fat | |||
|*gwVjV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |fat, intestines | ||
|*sebV ( ~ ś-, š-) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|father | |||
|*aṗV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |father | ||
|*aṗV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|feather | |||
|*ṗVĺV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |feather, tail | ||
|*ṗVĺV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|female | |||
|*nVzV ( ~ -ʒ-) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |female | ||
|*ṗenV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|female genitalia | |||
|*mVṭV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |female genitalia | ||
|*mVṭV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|female in-law | |||
|*kälU | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |female in-law | ||
|*kälU | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|female relative | |||
|*eńV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |female relative | ||
|*mVjNV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|female relative | |||
|*mVjNV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |female relative | ||
|*natV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|female relative | |||
|*natV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |fence, enclosure | ||
|*wVč`V ( ~ -ǯ-) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|fight, kill | |||
|*HwelV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |finger | ||
|*pVrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|finger, claw | |||
|*č`wVṗV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |finger, claw | ||
|*č`wVṗV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|finger, fingernail | |||
|*pVrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |finger, toe | ||
|*ḳVrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|fire | |||
|*CVCxV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |fire | ||
|*dʷVɣV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|fire | |||
|*dʷVɣV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |fire | ||
|*ṗVxwV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|fire | |||
|*ṗVxwV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |fire | ||
|*zVcwxV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|fire, burn | |||
|*HenkV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |fire, burn | ||
|*HenkV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|fire, burn | |||
|*nVjV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |fire, burn | ||
|*ŋera | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|fire, burn | |||
|*ṗVrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |fire, burn | ||
|*ʔumV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|fire, burn | |||
|*ʔumV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |fire, to strike fire | ||
|*cVḳV ( ~ *č-) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|fire, warmth | |||
|*lVmV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |first person pronoun | ||
|*ŋV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|first person pronoun | |||
|*mV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |first person pronoun (exclusive) | ||
|*ŋV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|fish | |||
|*č`VHmV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |fish | ||
|*dVgV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|fish | |||
|*dVgV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |fist | ||
|*mVǯHV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|fist, handle | |||
|*ṗVnḳV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |fist, wrist | ||
|*kompV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|fist; squeeze with a fist, crumple | |||
|*mVǯHV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |flat | ||
|*lVṗV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|flat | |||
|*lVṗV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |flat | ||
|*ṭaPV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|flat | |||
|*ṭaPV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |flat, level | ||
|*ṗVlHV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|flat, level | |||
|*ṗVlHV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |flat, plain | ||
|*ṭalV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|flea | |||
|*pur_cwV(GV) / *pülcwV(GV) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |flea | ||
|*pur_cwV(GV) / *pülcwV(GV) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|flesh, blood; flesh, fat | |||
|*SVĺV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |flesh, fat | ||
|*c`ebV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|flesh, fat | |||
|*swVĺV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |flow | ||
|*ńVjrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|flow | |||
|*ńVjrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |flow, gush | ||
|*bVlV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|flow, gush | |||
|*bVlV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |fly | ||
|*ṗarV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|fly | |||
|*ṗarV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |fly, flea | ||
|*ṗVlV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|fly, midge | |||
|*ṗVlV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |fog | ||
|*musV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|food | |||
|*HVlV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |food, eat | ||
|*HVlV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|foolish, deceive | |||
|*tVlV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |foot, knee | ||
|*bVl(m)V | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|foot, sole | |||
|*ṗVHdV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |foot, toe | ||
|*ḳVrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|forest, wilderness | |||
|*ni̯VnV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |four | ||
|*NVlV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|fox | |||
|*[čw]VlɣV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |fox, weasel | ||
|*[čw]VlɣV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|fragile | |||
|*lVmV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |fringe, thread | ||
|*sVŋV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|fringe, thread | |||
|*śVŋV ( ~ *ć`-) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |frog | ||
|*gwVrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|frog | |||
|*gwVrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |front | ||
|*HalV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|front | |||
|*HanṭV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |front | ||
|*HanṭV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|front; front, breast | |||
|*ʔedV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |front, breast | ||
|*mVńV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|front, breast | |||
|*mVńV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |front, breast | ||
|*ʔedV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|front, nose | |||
|*newRV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |front, outside | ||
|*HalV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|frost, cold | |||
|*pič`V | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |frozen snow | ||
|*čVgV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|frozen snow | |||
|*čVgV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |fruit | ||
|*bVrq̇wV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|fruit | |||
|*bVrq̇wV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |full | ||
|*HVp`V | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|full | |||
|*HVPVTV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |full | ||
|*malV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|full | |||
|*ṭVngV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |full | ||
|*ṭVngV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|full | |||
|*tVrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |full, all | ||
|*wV(n)CV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|full, all | |||
|*wV(n)CV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |full, fill | ||
|*ṭVmV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|furrow | |||
|*HarV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |furrow, hoe | ||
|*HarV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|gather, assemble; buy, assemble | |||
|*ṗVrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |genitalia | ||
|*ḳUṭV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|genitalia | |||
|*ḳUṭV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |get in pairs, pair > two | ||
|*malV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|get, obtain | |||
|*ga | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |gift, allotment | ||
|*ajṭV ~ *amṭV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|gift, allotment | |||
|*ajṭV ~ *amṭV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |give | ||
|*ćwVHV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|glittering | |||
|*gi[ɫ]ħu | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |glittering | ||
|*gi[ɫ]ħu | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|glue | |||
|*[c]VbV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |glue, join | ||
|*ćabV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|go astray, fall apart | |||
|*HVŕV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |go, come | ||
|*HVjV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|go, follow | |||
|*HVjV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |goat | ||
|*ṭVkV (*dwVḳV) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|goat, deer | |||
|*ʔoru | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |goat, ram, deer | ||
|*pOgV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|good | |||
|*mVlV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |good | ||
|*näḳi | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|good (of soul) | |||
|*näḳi | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |good, big | ||
|*bVtV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|good, fit | |||
|*dUgV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |good, new | ||
|*wVlV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|good, proper | |||
|*ʔVjV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |good, take care | ||
|*ʔVjsV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|goose | |||
|*ĺVkĺVkV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |grain | ||
|*SVrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|grain | |||
|*SVrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |grasp | ||
|*kamV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|grasp | |||
|*kamV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |grasp, seize, press | ||
|*HamV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|grass | |||
|*kuCu | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |grass, reed | ||
|*ćVmV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|grass, twigs | |||
|*c`UlV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |grass, vegetables | ||
|*kuč`u | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|grey | |||
|*c'VjrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |grey | ||
|*c'VjrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|grind | |||
|*nVq̇V | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |grind | ||
|*nVq̇V | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|gum, resin, mud | |||
|*ṗoŋV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |gums; part of face, gums | ||
|*ńVjlV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|guts, inside | |||
|*oŕV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hack | ||
|*ṭanV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|hair | |||
|*cVḳV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hair | ||
|*k`VSV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|hair | |||
|*ńä[w(ŋ)]a [*ŋVjV] | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hair | ||
|*ńä[w(ŋ)]a [*ŋVjV] | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|hair | |||
|*nVwrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hair | ||
|*nVwrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|hair | |||
|*ŋVjV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hair | ||
|*p`un(́)V | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|hair | |||
|*p`un(́)V | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hair | ||
|*pUdV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|hair | |||
|*sVHrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hair | ||
|*sVHrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|hair | |||
|*ṭVrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hair | ||
|*ṭVrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|hair | |||
|*k`VSV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hair, beard | ||
|*Ḳila | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|hair, eyebrow | |||
|*burV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hair, feather | ||
|*pUdV (*HapUdV) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|hair, hair of head | |||
|*burV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hair, head | ||
|*q̇irV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|hair, rope | |||
|*ŋVjV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hair, stalk | ||
|*Ḳila | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|hair, tail | |||
|*sVPV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |half, part | ||
|*palV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|hand | |||
|*mVńV ( / *mVń-rV) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hand | ||
|*mVńV ( / *mVń-rV) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|hand(ful) | |||
|*kompV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hand, arm | ||
|*bVgu | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|hand, arm | |||
|*udV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hand, bone | ||
|*ŋVlV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|hand, elbow | |||
|*ŋVlV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hand, fist | ||
|*ṗVnḳV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|hand, limb | |||
|*udV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hard | ||
|*ḳVmV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|hard, bone | |||
|*ḳVmV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hard, firm | ||
|*pVKV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|harm, deceive | |||
|*sogwV ( ~ š-) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |harsh, ragged | ||
|*c`VrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|head | |||
|*q̇irV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |head, back of head | ||
|*ḳapV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|hear | |||
|*sVmV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hear | ||
|*SVmV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|hear, ear | |||
|*ḳiwlV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hear, ear; hear; ear | ||
|*me- | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|heart | |||
|*sVʎV(mV) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |heart | ||
|*śVʎV(mV) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|heart, breast | |||
|*ḳerdV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |heat | ||
|*[H]indV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|heavy, labour | |||
|*mVnḳV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |herd | ||
|*cVčV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|high | |||
|*berg[i] | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |high | ||
|*berg[i] | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|high | |||
|*TVGV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hill | ||
|*tujpV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|hill, rock | |||
|*bVgV ( ~ -ɣ-) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hill, top | ||
|*tujpV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|hit | |||
|*wVdV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hit | ||
|*wVdV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|hole | |||
|*HangV (*wonkV) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hole | ||
|*k`VCV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|hole | |||
|*ḳUrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hole | ||
|*wonkV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|hole, cavity | |||
|*ḳVwVŋV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hole, empty | ||
|*gop`a | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|hole, empty | |||
|*gop`a | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hole, mouth | ||
|*k`VCV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|hole, vulva | |||
|*p`u[ṭ]V | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hollow | ||
|*HVlwV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|hollow, cavity | |||
|*HVlwV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hoof | ||
|*ḳäṗV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|hoof | |||
|*ḳäṗV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hoof | ||
|*sUdV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|hoof | |||
|*ṭUṗV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |hoof, finger(nail); hoof | ||
|*ṭUṗV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|hoof, hoof deformation | |||
|*c`UdV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |horn | ||
|*ḳirV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|horn | |||
|*mVrgV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |horn; root | ||
|*mVrgV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|horned animal | |||
|*bVrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |horned animal | ||
|*bVrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|hot, warm | |||
|*ṗäḳV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |house | ||
|*pVrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|house | |||
|*ʔU[ṭ]V | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |house, village; village, hut | ||
|*ḳojmV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|humid, wet | |||
|*mVk`V | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |I, myself | ||
|*ʔVkV (*ʔVgV) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|I, myself; we [first person pronoun] | |||
|*ʔVkV (*ʔVgV) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |I, we [first person pronoun] | ||
|*mV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|ice, cold | |||
|*jVkV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |ice, cold | ||
|*jVkV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|ill, die | |||
|*m[ä]rV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |ill, die | ||
|*m[ä]rV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|insect, vermine | |||
|*tVkV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |insect, vermine | ||
|*tVkV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|insect, worm | |||
|*ḳwVŋV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |insect, worm | ||
|*lVŋV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|inside, stomach | |||
|*ʔudV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |interrogative or relative pronoun | ||
|*ŋiV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|interrogative or relative pronoun | |||
|*ŋiV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |interrogative pronoun | ||
|*ḳV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|interrogative pronoun | |||
|*mV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |intestine | ||
|*[c']VlV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|intestine | |||
|*ć'VlV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |intestine | ||
|*ḳUʒwV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|intestines | |||
|*ḳUʒ́wV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |intestines; stomach, intestines | ||
|*ḳVmV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|intestines | |||
|*lVŋ(d)V | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |intestines | ||
|*oŕV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|jaw, palate | |||
|*ʔVŋV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |jaw, palate | ||
|*ʔVŋV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|joint, limb | |||
|*bVgu | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |joy | ||
|*bVjV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|joy, desire | |||
|*bVjV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |juice, ferment | ||
|*sVḳV ( ~ š-) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|jump, run | |||
|*lVKV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |kidney, heart | ||
|*lVŋ(d)V | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|kill | |||
|*KolV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |kill | ||
|*ḳVwχV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|knee | |||
|*bVl(m)V | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |knee, ankle | ||
|*sVnV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|knife, cut, break | |||
|*kUŋ[d]V | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |know | ||
|*ṭanV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|know, hear; know | |||
|*ṭanV (*-ŋ-) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |know, name | ||
|*nerV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|large fish | |||
|*lVmbV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |large predator | ||
|*zīwe(ŋkV) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|large predator | |||
|*zīwe(ŋkV) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |large, heavy | ||
|*sUrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|large, heavy | |||
|*sUrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |laugh | ||
|*gUlV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|laugh, merry | |||
|*gUlV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |leaf | ||
|*bolV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|leaf | |||
|*bolV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |leaf | ||
|*lVṗV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|leaf tree | |||
|*ṗVlV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |leaf tree | ||
|*ṗVlV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|leaf, bark | |||
|*lVṗV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |leaf, branch | ||
|*HelV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|leaf, flower; bud | |||
|*pòŋa ( ~ *p`-) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |leaf; reed | ||
|*HVrVlV (*HVlVrV) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|leg | |||
|*ɫaḳV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |leg | ||
|*ɫaḳV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|leg, arm | |||
|*ḳVwlV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |leg, limb | ||
|*ḳVwlV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|level ground | |||
|*ṭalV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |lick | ||
|*laḳV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|lick | |||
|*laḳV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |lick | ||
|*lašV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|lick | |||
|*lašV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |lick, drink | ||
|*talV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|lie | |||
|*ḳVwjV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |light, burn | ||
|*Howri | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|light, burn | |||
|*Howri | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |light, loose | ||
|*SulV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|light, shine | |||
|*HVlV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |light, shine | ||
|*HVlV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|light, shine | |||
|*jVḳV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |light, shine | ||
|*jVḳV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|light, shine | |||
|*mVlV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |limb | ||
|*ṗVHdV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|lip, soft excrescence | |||
|*kanpV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |lip, soft excrescence | ||
|*kanpV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|liquid | |||
|*GurV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |liquid | ||
|*GurV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|liquid | |||
|*lVṭV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |liquid | ||
|*lVṭV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|liquid | |||
|*sVwV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |liquid | ||
|*śVwV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|liquid, dirt | |||
|*lVḳwV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |liquid, flow | ||
|*L[ä]jV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|liver | |||
|*pi̯ā̀ki | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |liver | ||
|*ponta | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|liver, belly | |||
|*tVrV(ŋV) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |liver, intestines; blood, marrow | ||
|*mVLV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|lizard, slug | |||
|*mVxlV ( ~ *mVlxV) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |lizard, worm | ||
|*mVxlV ( ~ *mVlxV) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|loins, groin | |||
|*zVmV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |long | ||
|*tel(ḥ)V | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|long | |||
|*tel(ḥ)V | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |long bone | ||
|*śVnV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|long hair, tail | |||
|*[s]VPV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |long, far | ||
|*ḳUlV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|long, high | |||
|*HVgU | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |long, wide | ||
|*wVŕV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|long, wide | |||
|*wVŕV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |loose | ||
|*SulV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|loose(n) | |||
|*lVCV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |louse | ||
|*pVN(T)V | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|louse | |||
|*ṭäjV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |louse | ||
|*ṭäjV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|louse, nit | |||
|*ñejV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |love, good | ||
|*ʔVjV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|luminary | |||
|*mVnzV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |luminary | ||
|*mVnʒ́V | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|lung, liver | |||
|*pVjLV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |lung, spleen | ||
|*pVjLV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|male | |||
|*gVntV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |male | ||
|*gVntV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|male, male child | |||
|*mVḳV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |man | ||
|*ḳaćV ( ~ -ć`-) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|man | |||
|*mänV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |man | ||
|*mänV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|many | |||
|*m[o]nV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |many | ||
|*m[o]nV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|many | |||
|*ṗalV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |many | ||
|*ṗV(H)- | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|many, big | |||
|*bVtV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |many, full | ||
|*ṗalV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|marsh | |||
|*[sw]VjmV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |marsh, uncultivated land | ||
|*[sw]VjmV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|marten | |||
|*ḳ[u]nV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |marten | ||
|*ḳ[u]nV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|meat | |||
|*ńVḳV(rV) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |meat | ||
|*sUḳV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|meat | |||
|*ʔomsV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |meat | ||
|*ʔomśV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|meat, animal | |||
|*cVč𝑉čV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |meat, deer | ||
|*sUḳV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|meat, liver | |||
|*mVḳV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |meat, liver | ||
|*mVḳV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|meat, roe, intestines | |||
|*ńVḳV(rV) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |member of the clan | ||
|*ʔarV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|moisture | |||
|*mVtV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |moisture | ||
|*mVtV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|moon, heavenly body | |||
|*ṭVlgV(nV) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |moon, luminary | ||
|*ṭVlgV(nV) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|morning | |||
|*ṗuKdV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |morning / evening | ||
|*HamV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|morning ~ evening | |||
|*SVKV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |morning, clear sky | ||
|*ŋańV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|moth | |||
|*kuńV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |mother | ||
|*ʔVjV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|mother | |||
|*ʔVjV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |mother | ||
|*ʔVmV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|mother, woman | |||
|*ʔVmV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |mountain | ||
|*balV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|mountain | |||
|*malV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |mountain | ||
|*malV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|mountain | |||
|*wVrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |mountain | ||
|*wVrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|mountain, high | |||
|*TVGV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |mountain, hill | ||
|*balV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|mountain, hill | |||
|*gʷVrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |mountain, hill | ||
|*gʷVrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|mountain, top | |||
|*ṗVrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |mountain, top | ||
|*ṗVrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|mouse | |||
|*cVḳV ( ~ *c`-) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |mouse, squirrel | ||
|*CVḳV (*cwVkV ( ~ čw-)) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|mouse, squirrel | |||
|*gʷVĺV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |mouth | ||
|*[s]UwV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|mouth, hole | |||
|*HVwV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |mouth, hole | ||
|*HVwV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|mouth; eat | |||
|*č`VmV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |mouth; speak | ||
|*ʔVpV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|mouth; to speak | |||
|*ʔVpV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |mud, dung | ||
|*ḳorV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|mud; gum, resin | |||
|*ṗoŋV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |multitude; be satiated | ||
|*HVwV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|mushroom, fungus | |||
|*pUtV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |mushroom, sponge | ||
|*pUtV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|naked, take off clothes | |||
|*luku | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |name | ||
|*ĺVm(ŋ)V | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|name | |||
|*ĺVm(ŋ)V | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |name | ||
|*ṗVtV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|name, call | |||
|*ṗVtV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |name, shape | ||
|*šamV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|nape, back | |||
|*[s]VKV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |nape, back | ||
|*śVKV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|nape; back | |||
|*dVgV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |narrow | ||
|*č`VnV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|narrow | |||
|*ṭijV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |narrow, thin | ||
|*č`VnV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|near | |||
|*ʔVbV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |neck | ||
|*ḳVlV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|neck, collar | |||
|*kVŋkV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |neck, throat | ||
|*HVŋV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|neck, throat | |||
|*ḳVlV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |neck, vertebra | ||
|*nVKV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|negative particle | |||
|*ʔVlV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |negative particle | ||
|*ʔVlV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|negative verb | |||
|*ʔe | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |new | ||
|*žVjŋV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|new, fresh | |||
|*CVrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |new, good | ||
|*žVjŋV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|new, young | |||
|*CVrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |new, young | ||
|*wVlV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|night | |||
|*HUdV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |night | ||
|*kVcwV ( ~ -čw-) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|night | |||
|*lVlV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |night | ||
|*lVlV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|night, dawn; morning, clear sky | |||
|*ŋańV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |night, sleep | ||
|*HUdV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|night, sleep | |||
|*zVNV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |night, sleep | ||
|*ʒ́iNV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|night, sleep | |||
|*ʔamV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |nit | ||
|*ñejV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|nit, louse | |||
|*sajrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |nit, louse | ||
|*sajrV ( ~ *ś-) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|nose | |||
|*ḳVŋV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |nose | ||
|*ḳVŋV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|nose | |||
|*ne(H)wRV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |nose | ||
|*ŋVkCV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|nose | |||
|*wiKV (*ujKV) | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |nose | ||
|*wiKV (*ujKV) | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|nose, nostril | |||
|*CVxrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |nose, nostril | ||
|*cwVxrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|not | |||
|*ʔVnV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |not, negative particle | ||
|*ʔVnV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|not, negative verb | |||
|*ʔe | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |notch, sign | ||
|*gVrVbV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|now; new | |||
|*nVwV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |now; new | ||
|*nVwV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|numerous, full | |||
|*tVrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |nut, fruit; nut | ||
|*ar- | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|old | |||
|*gwVrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |old | ||
|*gwVrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|old | |||
|*zVr(d)V | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |one | ||
|*sem- | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|one | |||
|*ʔUdV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |one | ||
|*ʔUdV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|one | |||
|*ʔVrV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |one | ||
|*ʔVrV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|one, finger | |||
|*dwV(j)ḳV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |one, finger | ||
|*dwV(j)ḳV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|one, self | |||
|*ʔo(ŋ)nV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |onion, odorous grass | ||
|*sUŋV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|open | |||
|*ṗan[c]V | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |open space | ||
|*ʔVrHV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|open space | |||
|*ʔVrHV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |open, hole | ||
|*HangV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|open; hole | |||
|*ʔaḳa | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |order, custom | ||
|*nerV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|original place | |||
|*ni̯VnV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |other; other side | ||
|*aĺV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|other | |||
|*gUjV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |other | ||
|*gwVjV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|pain, wound | |||
|*mVnḳV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |painful state, grief | ||
|*gilV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|painful state, grief | |||
|*gilV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |pair, one of a pair | ||
|*gagtV | |||
|- | |||
| | | | ||
|palate, tongue | |||
|*ŋVnV | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |palate, tongue | ||
| | |*ŋVnV | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |palm *caʷlǝʒǝ- hand, *cälmǝ palm | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |palm (of hand) *ṗVlŋV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |palm of hand, handful *ṗVlŋV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |part of face *ńVjlV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |part of nose *ŋVk[čw]V | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |part of nose *t`ā́nV ( ~ -ē-) part of nose | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |part of shoulder *čVKV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |part of shoulder, joint *čVKV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |paw, grasp *gEpSV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |paw, hand *gEpčwV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |peg, nail *ɣoŋɣV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |peg, nail *ḳUjḳV peg, nail (also *kikV 'bite', *ḳVkV 'break, peck') | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |peg, root *ḳUjḳV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |penis *bVĺV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |penis *bVĺV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |penis *ṗacV ( ~ -c`-, -č-) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |penis *ṗaćV ( ~ -ć`-, -č-) (also *pVjcV ( ~ -č-)) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |people, army *čVbV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |place *baja | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |place *baja | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |pleasure, satisfaction *ṭVrṗV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |plenty, abundant *malV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |pond *küɫä | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |pond *küɫä | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |pool, low ground *laḳwV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |pool, low ground *laḳwV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |pot *ṗVdV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |pot *ṗVdV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |pot *pVNV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |pray *mVlV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |prohibitive / negative particle *ma | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |prohibitive particle, not *ma | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |pus, rot *[č]iru | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |pus, rot *Ciru | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |push, move *ńukV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |quick *ṭurV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |quick *ṭurV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |quick, swift *pV[ṭ]V | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |rain, fog, steam *musV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |rain, pour *HVrćV ( ~ -ć`-) (also *rVCV) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |rare *HVrV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |rare, new *HVrV rare | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |reed *HVrVlV (*HVlVrV) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |relative-in-law *tajV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |ring, hook *ḳVCV (also *kVCV) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |ring, spool *ḳVč`V | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |rise *ŋwVkV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |rise, stand up *HVgU | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |rise, up *ʔVpV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |rise, up *ʔVpV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |road *ʔur(H)V | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |road *ʔur(H)V | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |road, walk *mVrV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |rod, strap *lVgV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |rod, strap *lVgV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |roe; inside *t`VrV(ŋV) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |root, bone *tV(H)mV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |root, bone *tV(H)mV root, bone | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |root, herb *wVr[t]V | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |root, herb *wVr[t]V | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |root, seed > settlement *aHulV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |root, sprout *ḲurV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |root, stalk *ḲurV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |rope, thread *wVŕV ( ~ *HuŕV) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |round *ḳoĺV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |round *ḳoĺV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |round *ṭompV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |round, convex *ṭompV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |rump, buttocks *kuNṭV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |rump, neck *nVKV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |run *bok[a] | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |run *bok[a] | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |run, drive *ʔurKV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |sack, bag *lVmV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |salt *CalV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |salt, bitter *sVbV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |salt, sea *čwalV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |salty, sour *č`VmV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |salty, sour *cwVwVrV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |sand *ki[ǯ]V | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |sand *kiCV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |satisfaction *ṭVrṗV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |say *tVHV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |say, call *wVḳV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |say, sound *čVwV ( ~ *č`-) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |say, sound *čVwV ( ~ *č`-) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |scab *pVkV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |scatter, sift *ś(w)VcwV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |scrape, scraper *ḳwVnCV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |scrape, scraper *ḳwVncwV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |scratch *wVrcwV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |scratch, scrape *ḳVSV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |scratch, scrape *wVrcwV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |sea *jamV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |sea, shallow *sVjɣwV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |sea, water *jamV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |sea, water *sVjɣwV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |second person pronoun *χwV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |second person pronoun, thou *nV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |second person pronoun, thou *si | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |second person pronoun, thou *ṭ[u] | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |see, eye *ʔVnjV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |seed, kin *ṗVrV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |seed, kin *ṗVrV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |seed; to sift *sVjHV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |seize *HamV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |self *ʔo(ŋ)nV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |separate, split *bedV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |settlement *aHulV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |settlement *palVHV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |settlement *palVHV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |shape *šamV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |sharp *Hoḳi | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |sharp object *CVNV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |sharp point, tooth *Hoḳi | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |sharp stick *c`iĺV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |sharp stick *c`iĺV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |sharp, to whet *pVxwV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |sharp, to whet *pVxwV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |shell *kV(n)ḳV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |shell, bark *kV(n)ḳV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |shin, shank *ḳVnčV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |shin, thigh *ḳVnčV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |shine, bright *bVrḳV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |shine, burn *mVlV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |shine, burn (several roots) *belV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |shine, glitter *belV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |shine, glitter *laṗV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |shine, light *bVɣV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |shine, light *bVɣV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |shine; burn *leuk- | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |shoulder *tVlV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |shoulder, arm *tVlV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |shoulder, shoulder-blade *ṗVŋV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |shout *rewǝ- shout, roar | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |show, point at *tVjḳV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |sick, ill *ēco ( ~ -ć-, -č-) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |side *bVḳV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |side (of body) *bVḳV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |sinew; root *SirV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |sinew; root *SirV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |single, first *sVnV ( ~ ś-, š-, ć`-) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |single; apart, asunder *sVnV ( ~ š-, c`-) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |sister, woman *SäwCV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |sister, woman *SäwCV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |skin *ḲaĺV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |skin *ḲaĺV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |skin *perV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |skin *perV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |skin *ṗVtV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |skin *ṗVtV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |skin *ṭVlV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |skin *ṭVlV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |skin, bark *pVkV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |skin, crust, peel *kamV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |skin, hair *ṭVwq̇V | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |skin, hair on body *ṭVwq̇V | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |skin, husk *kamV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |skull *ḳapV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |sky, cloud *HaḳumV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |sky, cloud *HaḳumV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |slanting *kVCV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |sleep *ʔamV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |slide, creep *[ʒ]VlV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |slime *SVlV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |slime, dirt *SVlV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |small *cVḳV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |small *CVḳV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |small *ḳVṭV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |small *ṭijV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |small bird *ciṗV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |small bird *ciṗV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |small female animal *ṗenV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |small, thin, short *ṭVnV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |small, young *ḳVṭV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |small; child *pVwjV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |small; child *pVwjV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |smear *cwVHmV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |smear, fat *mVjrV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |smear, fat *mVjrV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |smear; fat *ć`ämV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |smell *[s]VwHV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |smell *ṗunV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |smell *sun(g)V | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |smell *śun(g)V | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |smell, breathe, smoke *ṗunV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |smile *mUc`V ( ~ -s-) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |smoke *ǯun[k]V | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |smoke *ǯun[k]V | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |smoke, cloud *nVbV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |smoke, cloud *nVbV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |smooth *gVlV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |something sharp *CVNV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |snake *nētr- 'snake' | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |snake *ṗVjmV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |snake *ʔanKV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |snake *ʔanKV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |snake, eel *lVmbV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |soft, fragile *lVmV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |soft, mild *mVlV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |soft, weak *lVjńV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |soft, wet *LVṗV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |soft, wet *LVṗV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |soul, breath *mùsi 'steam, spirit' | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |sour *CVwVrV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |sour, bitter *č`VmV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |sour, ferment *sVḳV ( ~ ś-, š-, ć`-) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |span *ṭVgV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |span *ṭVgV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |speak, say, sound *jVnV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |speak, sound *jVnV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |spin, twist *ṗuNV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |spin, twist *ṗuNV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |spirit *cwVnV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |spit *ṭupV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |spit *ṭupV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |spit, fang *ḳiwHV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |spit, fang *ḳiwHV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |spleen *lVṗV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |spleen *lVṗV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |spleen *tV(H)ʎV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |spleen, liver *tV(H)ʎV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |split *cVlV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |split, tear off *CVlV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |spread *ṗVrjV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |spread, extend *CVχrV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |spread, long *pVdV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |spring *PVnV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |spring, flow *bira (*bujra) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |spring, flow *bira (*bujra) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |sprinkle *p`iSV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |sprinkle *p`isV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |stalk *kanVbV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |stalk, peg *kanVbV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |stand *čwVrV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |star *dVštV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |star, luminary *HVzwVrV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |star, moon *dV[š]tV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |star, shine *HVźVrV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |stem, board *ṭVlV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |steppe, valley, meadow *ColV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |steppe, valley, meadow *ColV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |stick *bVč`V | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |stick *ḳVlV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |stick *ḳVlV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |stick into, pierce *bedV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |stick, pole *bVč`V | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |stick, tree *ḳUrV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |stick, tree *ḳUrV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |stomach, intestines *ḳVmV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |stone *ḳElV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |stone *kiwV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |stone *ṭ/aj/lV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |stone *ṭ/aj/lV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |stone, hill *bVgV ( ~ -ɣ-) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |stone, mountain *kiwV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |stone, rock *ḳElV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |storm *burV ( >> *p-) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |storm *burV ( >> *p-) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |stream, flow of water *Huwa | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |stream, flow of water *Huwa | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |stump *ṭumgV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |stump, trunk *ṭumgV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |suck *SUṗV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |suck *zUkV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |suck, swallow *muḳV swallow, gobble | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |sufficient, complete *eli | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |sun *si̯aχu (-ɣ-) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |sun *si̯aχu (-ɣ-) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |sun, day *daŋ 'dawn'; *tianta 'sun' | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |swamp *laHm[u] | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |swamp *laHm[u] | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |sweep *šwxVjṗV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |sweet *cwVtu | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |sweet, tasty *cwVtu | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |tail *ḳudV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |tail *ḳudV | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |tail *toḳE | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |tail *toḳE | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |tail, (long) hair *ṗVńcwV ( ~ -ćw−,−č𝑤-,-čw-, -ǯ-) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |tail, back *śVrV back | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
| | |take *ga | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|take *ʔanV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|take, bring *gerV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|take, bring *tVKV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|take, carry *ʔVpV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|take, get *gVṭV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|take, grasp *kantV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|take, seize *ʔVpV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|taste *ṭVHmV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|taste *xamV, *xamŋV; *xamŋV 'mouth' | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|temple, hair on temple *cVḳV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|ten, many *ṗV(H)- | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|tent *ʔU[ṭ]V | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|testicle *ḳoĺV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|testiculus *ḳoĺV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|that, that near *ʔVbV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|that, this *ʔa (*ʔe) | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|that, this *ʔu | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|that, this *ʔu | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|that, this *ʔa (*ʔe) (probably *Ha that, *He this) | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|thick *ṭujV (*ṭVwjV) | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|thick *ṭVkV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|thick, full *ṭVkV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|thick, swell *bongä | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|thick, swell *bongä | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|thigh *bVgtV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|thigh *bVgtV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|thigh, leg *ṗVǯkV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|thigh, rump *ṗVǯkV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|thin *cUṗV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|thin *ṭVnV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|thin, narrow *ćUṗV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|thing *HVdV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|thing; interrogative stem *HVdV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|third person pronoun *sV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|this *cV ( ~ č-) | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|this *cV ( ~ č-, ć-) | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|this *ḳV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|this *ʔi (*hi) | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|this *ʔi (*hi) | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|thorn *ʒwVgV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|thorn *ʒ́wVgV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|thorny bush *NEḳrV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|thou (oblique forms) [second person pronoun] *χwV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|thou [second person pronoun] *nV thou | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|thou [second person pronoun] *ṭ[u] | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|throat *HVŋV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|throat, intestines *kUṭV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|throat, swallow *kUlV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|throat, to swallow *kUlV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|tickle *cVḳV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|tie, weave *tVḳV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|tip, spout *CVCV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|tip, spout *čVčV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to approach, follow *ŋāńi | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to ask, pray *ṗVrXV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to ask, pray *ṗVrXV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to bare teeth *mUCV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to be *buHi | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to be *woɣlV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to be *woɣlV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to be *ʔa | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to be *ʔa | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to be *ʔesA | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to be *ʔesA | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to be angry *kVCV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to be angry, hostile *kVCV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to be completed, exhausted *ṭVkV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to be lost, exhausted *ṭVkV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to be mad, stupid *buḳV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to be visible *HwVlV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to be well *c`olHV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to be well *ColHV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to be, live *ʔelA | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to be, live *ʔelA | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to bear *š[e]wV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to bear *š[e]wV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to bear *ṭVlV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to bear, lift *ṭVlV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to beat *ṗVṭV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to beat *ṗVṭV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to beat, hit *ḳVwχV | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | | ||
|to bend *büḲa | |to bend *büḲa | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to bend *cVḳV | |to bend *cVḳV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to bend *Garḳu | |to bend *Garḳu | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to bend *Garḳu | |to bend *Garḳu | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to bend *guḳa | |to bend *guḳa | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to bend *guḳa | |to bend *guḳa | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to bend *güpA | |to bend *güpA | ||
|to bend *ḳVlV | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to bend *ḳVlV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to bend *ḳVŋV | |to bend *ḳVŋV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to bend *ɫoŋḳa | |to bend *ɫoŋḳa | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to bend, bow *ɫoŋḳa | |to bend, bow *ɫoŋḳa | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to bend, turn *KUrV | |to bend, turn *KUrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to bend; hump, heap *güpA | |to bend; hump, heap *güpA | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to bind, girdle *KuTV | |to bind, girdle *KuTV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to bind, harness *taxlwV | |to bind, harness *taxlwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to bite *kikV | |to bite *kikV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to bite, taste *ṭVHmV | |to bite, taste *ṭVHmV | ||
|to blink, shine, shade *c`ajV | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to blink, shine, shade *c`ajV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to blink, shine, shade *CajV | |to blink, shine, shade *CajV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to blow *dVwɣV | |to blow *dVwɣV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to blow *p`uSV | |to blow *p`uSV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to blow *p`uSV | |to blow *p`uSV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to blow *ṗuɣV | |to blow *ṗuɣV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to blow *ṗuɣV | |to blow *ṗuɣV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to blow, shake *dVwɣV | |to blow, shake *dVwɣV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to blow, winnow *Hewa | |to blow, winnow *Hewa | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to blow, winnow *Hewa | |to blow, winnow *Hewa | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to boil, foam *ḳüpä | |to boil, foam *ḳüpä | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to boil, foam *ḳüpä | |to boil, foam *ḳüpä | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to boil, roast *gVbV | |to boil, roast *gVbV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to bore, dig *lUŋ(k)V | |to bore, dig *lUŋ(k)V | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to bow, bend *cVḳV | |to bow, bend *cVḳV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to break, crumble *ṗVSV | |to break, crumble *ṗVSV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to break, cut, wound *ʔVrHwV | |to break, cut, wound *ʔVrHwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to break, scatter, tear *ʔVrHwV | |to break, scatter, tear *ʔVrHwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to breathe *HwinV | |to breathe *HwinV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to breathe *ʔanqV | |to breathe *ʔanqV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to breathe *ʔanqV | |to breathe *ʔanqV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to burn */ḳ/alV | |to burn */ḳ/alV | ||
|to burn *ć`wVwV ( | | | ||
|to burn *cwVwV ( | |- | ||
| | |||
|to burn *ć`wVwV (*HVwć'wV) | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to burn *cwVwV (*HVwcwV) | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to burn *dekO | |to burn *dekO | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to burn *dekO | |to burn *dekO | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to burn *Hase | |to burn *Hase | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to burn *HaSe | |to burn *HaSe | ||
|to burn *ḳVńV | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to burn *ḳVńV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to burn *ṗVdwV | |to burn *ṗVdwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to burn *ṭülV | |to burn *ṭülV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to burn, bake *kVwrV | |to burn, bake *kVwrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to burn, bake *kVwrV | |to burn, bake *kVwrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to burn, boil *ḳVju | |to burn, boil *ḳVju | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to burn, flash *CVlV | |to burn, flash *CVlV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to burn, heat *gVbV | |to burn, heat *gVbV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to burn, sun *nVjV | |to burn, sun *nVjV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to burst, split (many roots) *paḳV | |to burst, split (many roots) *paḳV | ||
|to call *CVḥV | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to call *CVḥV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to call *gVjwV | |to call *gVjwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to call *gVjwV | |to call *gVjwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to call *ḳErV | |to call *ḳErV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to call *ḳErV | |to call *ḳErV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to care *č`VrV | |to care *č`VrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to care *čVrV | |to care *čVrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to change, borrow *HVrV | |to change, borrow *HVrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to change, distribute *HVrV | |to change, distribute *HVrV | ||
|to chew *käjwV ( | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to chew *käjwV (-b-) | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to collect, count *lVkV | |to collect, count *lVkV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to collect, count *lVkV | |to collect, count *lVkV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to collect, put *ṗanV | |to collect, put *ṗanV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to complete *muṭV | |to complete *muṭV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to cover *ḳa(j)dV | |to cover *ḳa(j)dV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to cover, protect *ḳVrV | |to cover, protect *ḳVrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to covet sexually *gʷVnV | |to covet sexually *gʷVnV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to covet sexually *gʷVnV | |to covet sexually *gʷVnV | ||
|to cross, other side *aĺV | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to cross, other side *aĺV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to crush *pi(u)čV | |to crush *pi(u)čV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to crush, press *ṗVjńV | |to crush, press *ṗVjńV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to crush, squeeze *pi(u)CV | |to crush, squeeze *pi(u)CV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to cry *muɣrV | |to cry *muɣrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to cry, shout *ḳVwV | |to cry, shout *ḳVwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to curse, be angry *jVrV | |to curse, be angry *jVrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to cut *ɣVcV ( ~ -c`-) | |to cut *ɣVcV ( ~ -c`-) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to cut *ɣVčV ( ~ -č`-) | |to cut *ɣVčV ( ~ -č`-) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to cut *ḳVć`V | |to cut *ḳVć`V | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to cut *mVc`V | |to cut *mVc`V | ||
|to cut *ṭanV | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to cut *ṭanV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to cut, hit, saw *ṗVwV | |to cut, hit, saw *ṗVwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to cut, hit, saw *ṗVwV | |to cut, hit, saw *ṗVwV | ||
|to cut, knife *kVlV | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to cut, knife *kVlV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to cut, sharp *CarV | |to cut, sharp *CarV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to cut, split *sVḳV | |to cut, split *sVḳV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to cut, split *śVḳV | |to cut, split *śVḳV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to cut, tear *mVCV | |to cut, tear *mVCV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to deceive *tVlV | |to deceive *tVlV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to die, kill *KolV | |to die, kill *KolV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to dig, hack *ḳVṗV | |to dig, hack *ḳVṗV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to divide, cut in half *palV | |to divide, cut in half *palV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to drink *jVgU | |to drink *jVgU | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to drink, flow *tVrV | |to drink, flow *tVrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to dry *KVmV | |to dry *KVmV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to dry *šwVrV | |to dry *šwVrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to dry *šwVrV | |to dry *šwVrV | ||
|to dry up, extinguish *sun(d)V ( ~ š-) | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to dry up, extinguish *sun(d)V ( ~ š-) | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to eat *ʒeGV | |to eat *ʒeGV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to eat *ʒeGV | |to eat *ʒeGV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to eat *ʔitV | |to eat *ʔitV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to eat *ʔitV | |to eat *ʔitV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to eat, gulp *ḳVmV | |to eat, gulp *ḳVmV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to eat, gulp *ḳVmV | |to eat, gulp *ḳVmV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to enter, go *ŋēni | |to enter, go *ŋēni | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to fall *ḳVtV | |to fall *ḳVtV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to fall *ṗeṭV | |to fall *ṗeṭV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to fall, (down) *ṗeṭV | |to fall, (down) *ṗeṭV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to fall, fly *ṗVjlV | |to fall, fly *ṗVjlV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to fall, soar *ṗVjlV | |to fall, soar *ṗVjlV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to fear, be angry *belHi | |to fear, be angry *belHi | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to fear, be scared *belHi | |to fear, be scared *belHi | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to ferment, squeeze juice *zUkV | |to ferment, squeeze juice *zUkV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to fill, stuff *ṭVmV | |to fill, stuff *ṭVmV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to finish *ḳUdV | |to finish *ḳUdV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to finish *ḳUdV | |to finish *ḳUdV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to fit, be good *dUgV | |to fit, be good *dUgV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to fit, be good *ḳVnV | |to fit, be good *ḳVnV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to flash, shine *CVlV | |to flash, shine *CVlV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to flow, drip *CurV / *CorV | |to flow, drip *CurV / *CorV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to flow, drip *CurV / *CorV | |to flow, drip *CurV / *CorV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to flow, pour *tUKV | |to flow, pour *tUKV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to follow, send, leave *lVjḳV | |to follow, send, leave *lVjḳV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to follow, send, leave *lVjḳV | |to follow, send, leave *lVjḳV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to get *gVṭV | |to get *gVṭV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to give *be[rH]u | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to give *be[rH]u | |to give *be[rH]u | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to give *cwVHV | |to give *cwVHV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to give *dwV[H]V | |to give *dwV[H]V | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to give *dwV[H]V | |to give *dwV[H]V | ||
|to give birth, family *KVmV | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to give birth, family *KVmV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to gnaw *kVngV | |to gnaw *kVngV | ||
|to go *gVwV / *gwVjV | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to go *gVwV / *gwVjV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to go *meŋV | |to go *meŋV | ||
|to go, come *ŋēni ( | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to go, come *ŋēni (also *ŋāńi) | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to go, come *ʒ́wVHV | |to go, come *ʒ́wVHV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to go, come, drive *ʒwVHV | |to go, come, drive *ʒwVHV | ||
|to go, follow *gVwV / *gwVjV | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to go, follow *gVwV / *gwVjV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to go, walk *mVrV | |to go, walk *mVrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to grasp *HaṗV | |to grasp *HaṗV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to grasp *HaṗV | |to grasp *HaṗV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to grasp *ḳaṗV | |to grasp *ḳaṗV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to grasp *ḳaṗV | |to grasp *ḳaṗV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to grasp, seize *[p]itV | |to grasp, seize *[p]itV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to grow *zVr(d)V ( ~ *ʒ-) | |to grow *zVr(d)V ( ~ *ʒ-) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to grow, become *buHi | |to grow, become *buHi | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to hang *tajV | |to hang *tajV | ||
|to hang down; stand | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to hang down; stand *[s]VŋʒwV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to harm, break *kUŋ[d]V | |to harm, break *kUŋ[d]V | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to hate, be annoyed *CVrV | |to hate, be annoyed *CVrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to hate, be annoyed *ǯVrV | |to hate, be annoyed *ǯVrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to hear *ḳiwlV | |to hear *ḳiwlV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to hide, protect *ḳVrV | |to hide, protect *ḳVrV | ||
|to hide, secret *KuĺV | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to hide, secret *KuĺV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to hit, break *ḳVkV | |to hit, break *ḳVkV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to hit, push *mVqwV | |to hit, push *mVqwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to hold *gerV | |to hold *gerV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to hold, seize *ʔanV | |to hold, seize *ʔanV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to howl, cry *wVlV | |to howl, cry *wVlV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to howl, cry *wVlV | |to howl, cry *wVlV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to join, together *anTV | |to join, together *anTV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to join, together *anTV | |to join, together *anTV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to jump, run *lVKV | |to jump, run *lVKV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to kindle, dry *ḳVs(w)V | |to kindle, dry *ḳVs(w)V | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to know *cwVnV | |to know *cwVnV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to know *g(w)enV | |to know *g(w)enV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to know *g(w)enV | |to know *g(w)enV | ||
|to know, consider *CVḥV | | | ||
|to know, think *ćwVnV ( | |- | ||
| | |||
|to know, consider *CVḥV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to know, think *ćwVnV (also *sVnV) | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to know, think *sVnV | |to know, think *sVnV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to lead *wetV | |to lead *wetV | ||
|to lead, to go *wetV ( | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to lead, to go *wetV (also *dwVwV 'run') | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to let, agree *šVwV | |to let, agree *šVwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to lick *l[a]pV | |to lick *l[a]pV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to lick *talV | |to lick *talV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to lick, swallow *lVm(ŋ)V | |to lick, swallow *lVm(ŋ)V | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to lick; lip *l[a]pV | |to lick; lip *l[a]pV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to lie *ḳVwjV | |to lie *ḳVwjV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to lie, fall down *kVlV | |to lie, fall down *kVlV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to lie, sleep (also 'fall') *kVlV | |to lie, sleep (also 'fall') *kVlV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to listen, hear *alV | |to listen, hear *alV | ||
|to listen, hear *alV | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to listen, hear *alV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to live *ḥujV | |to live *ḥujV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to live *ḥujV | |to live *ḥujV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to look, show *tVjḳV | |to look, show *tVjḳV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to lose, hide *KuĺV | |to lose, hide *KuĺV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to make *wärV | |to make *wärV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to make *wärV | |to make *wärV | ||
|to marry *KVmV | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to marry *KVmV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to match, fit *ḳVnV | |to match, fit *ḳVnV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to melt, flow *dVnV | |to melt, flow *dVnV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to melt, flow *dVnV | |to melt, flow *dVnV | ||
|to mix, join *kalV | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to mix, join *kalV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to move *SVlV | |to move *SVlV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to move *SVlV | |to move *SVlV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to move quickly *ńowda | |to move quickly *ńowda | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to move quickly, pursue *ńowda | |to move quickly, pursue *ńowda | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to move, push *mVqwV | |to move, push *mVqwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to move, step *ćeKV | |to move, step *ćeKV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to open, spread *ṗanCV | |to open, spread *ṗanCV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to open, spread *ʔaḳa | |to open, spread *ʔaḳa | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to peel, naked *luku | |to peel, naked *luku | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to pierce *CoḳV | |to pierce *CoḳV | ||
|to pierce *CoḳV ( | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to pierce *CoḳV (also *čVḳV) | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to plait *źVḳV | |to plait *źVḳV | ||
|to plait, | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to plait, something plaited *zVḳV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to plait, weave *HUbV | |to plait, weave *HUbV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to plait, weave *HUbV | |to plait, weave *HUbV | ||
|to plait, weave, rope | | | ||
|to plant vertically *tIgwV | |- | ||
|to polish, rub *ṗIḳV | | | ||
|to plait, weave, rope *rVCV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to plant vertically *tIgwV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to polish, rub *ṗIḳV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to pour *L[ä]jV | |to pour *L[ä]jV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to pour *lVHwV | |to pour *lVHwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to pour *ṗVHV to pour, drink | |to pour *ṗVHV to pour, drink | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to pour, drink *ṗVHV | |to pour, drink *ṗVHV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to pour, drop *tUKV | |to pour, drop *tUKV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to pour, stream *ʒwVHlV | |to pour, stream *ʒwVHlV | ||
|to prepare food *piCV | | | ||
|to prepare food *piCV | |- | ||
| | |||
|to prepare food *piCV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to prepare food *piCV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to press, seize *ńamV | |to press, seize *ńamV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to press, seize *ńamV | |to press, seize *ńamV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to pull *ṭVnV | |to pull *ṭVnV | ||
|to pull, stretch *ṭVnV | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to pull, stretch *ṭVnV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to push, beat *nVq̇V | |to push, beat *nVq̇V | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to push, beat *nVq̇V | |to push, beat *nVq̇V | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to push, pull *ńukV | |to push, pull *ńukV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to put *dVʕV (*d[i]ɣV) | |to put *dVʕV (*d[i]ɣV) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to put *dVʕV (*d[i]ɣV) | |to put *dVʕV (*d[i]ɣV) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to put *ṗanV | |to put *ṗanV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to receive (+ bestow) *HVlV | |to receive (+ bestow) *HVlV | ||
|to rise *kVdwV | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to rise *kVdwV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to rise *kVdwV to rise | |to rise *kVdwV to rise | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to rise, raise *ḲaLi | |to rise, raise *ḲaLi | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to rise, raise *ḲaLi | |to rise, raise *ḲaLi | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to rise; move, go *Horä | |to rise; move, go *Horä | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to roll *HUlV | |to roll *HUlV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to roll *HUlV | |to roll *HUlV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to roll, twist *murV | |to roll, twist *murV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to rub, crumble *ṗVšV | |to rub, crumble *ṗVšV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to rub, scratch *ṗIḳV | |to rub, scratch *ṗIḳV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to run *dwVwV | |to run *dwVwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to run *ḳacwV | |to run *ḳacwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to run *ṭoKV | |to run *ṭoKV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to run *ṭoKV | |to run *ṭoKV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to run *ʔurKV | |to run *ʔurKV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to run, road *ṭVŕgV | |to run, road *ṭVŕgV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to say *tVHV | |to say *tVHV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to say, call *wVḳV | |to say, call *wVḳV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to say, pray *mVlV | |to say, pray *mVlV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to scatter *s(w)VcwV | |to scatter *s(w)VcwV | ||
|to scrape *ḳirV | | | ||
|to scrape *ḳirV; | |- | ||
| | |||
|to scrape *ḳirV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to scrape *ḳirV; also *gVrV scratch, *gVrVbV notch, sign | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to scrape *ḳV[sw]V | |to scrape *ḳV[sw]V | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to scratch *gVrV | |to scratch *gVrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to scratch *xVḳV | |to scratch *xVḳV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to scratch *xVḳV | |to scratch *xVḳV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to see *ʔVwʒwV(HV) | |to see *ʔVwʒwV(HV) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to see, eye *silV | |to see, eye *silV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to see, eye *wEdwV | |to see, eye *wEdwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to see, eye *ʔVnjV | |to see, eye *ʔVnjV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to see, guard *HwVjV | |to see, guard *HwVjV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to see, guard *HwVjV | |to see, guard *HwVjV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to see, inspect *silV | |to see, inspect *silV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to see, know *šVḳV | |to see, know *šVḳV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to see, know *šVḳV ( ~ *ć`w-) | |to see, know *šVḳV ( ~ *ć`w-) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to see, know, search *wEdwV | |to see, know, search *wEdwV | ||
|to see, perceive *ʔVwCV(HV) ( | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to see, perceive *ʔVwCV(HV) (also *ʔincV) | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to seize, press *[p]itV | |to seize, press *[p]itV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to shake *dVrV | |to shake *dVrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to shine, be visible *nVkV | |to shine, be visible *nVkV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to shine, glitter, flash *laṗV | |to shine, glitter, flash *laṗV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to shout, sound *ḳVwV | |to shout, sound *ḳVwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to sift *sVjHV | |to sift *sVjHV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to sink *č`VṗV | |to sink *č`VṗV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to sink *č`VṗV | |to sink *č`VṗV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to slide, creep *ʒVlV | |to slide, creep *ʒVlV | ||
|to speak *ḥVwV | | | ||
|to speak *ḥVwV | |- | ||
|to speak *watV | | | ||
|to speak *watV | |to speak *ḥVwV | ||
|to speak, shout *sVjwV | | | ||
|to speak, shout *sVjwV ( ~ *ś-) | |- | ||
| | |||
|to speak *ḥVwV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to speak *watV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to speak *watV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to speak, shout *sVjwV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to speak, shout *sVjwV ( ~ *ś-) | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to speak, sound *muɣrV | |to speak, sound *muɣrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to spin, plait *wVŕV ( ~ *HuŕV) | |to spin, plait *wVŕV ( ~ *HuŕV) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to spin, wind *KVrV | |to spin, wind *KVrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to split, bore *lUŋ(k)V | |to split, bore *lUŋ(k)V | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to spread *ṗVrjV | |to spread *ṗVrjV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to spread, long *pVdV | |to spread, long *pVdV | ||
|to spread, strew *CVχrV | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to spread, strew *CVχrV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to stand *čwVrV | |to stand *čwVrV | ||
|to stand | | | ||
|to stand, hang down | |- | ||
| | |||
|to stand *sVlV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to stand, hang down *sVŋʒ́V | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to stand, plant vertically *tIgwV | |to stand, plant vertically *tIgwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to stand, rise *ŋwVkV | |to stand, rise *ŋwVkV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to stay *menV | |to stay *menV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to stay, be, stand *nV(w)HV | |to stay, be, stand *nV(w)HV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to stay, reside *menV | |to stay, reside *menV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to stick in, pierce *NEgV | |to stick in, pierce *NEgV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to stick in, pierce *NEgV | |to stick in, pierce *NEgV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to stir, mix *bulV | |to stir, mix *bulV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to stir, puddle *bulV | |to stir, puddle *bulV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to stretch, stand *nV(w)HV | |to stretch, stand *nV(w)HV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to strike fire *cVḳV ( ~ *č-) | |to strike fire *cVḳV ( ~ *č-) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to submerge *kUdV | |to submerge *kUdV | ||
|to suck *[c`w]VṗV | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to suck *[c`w]VṗV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to suck *ʔEmV | |to suck *ʔEmV | ||
|to suck | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to suck *CVrbV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to suck, leech *[c]VrbV | |to suck, leech *[c]VrbV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to suffer *C(w)VHrV | |to suffer *C(w)VHrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to suffer *c`VHrV | |to suffer *c`VHrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to suffer *dVwV | |to suffer *dVwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to suffer, die *dVwV | |to suffer, die *dVwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to suffer, die *enV | |to suffer, die *enV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to suffer; pain *enV | |to suffer; pain *enV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to suffice, be full *cwalV | |to suffice, be full *cwalV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to swallow *HVṗV | |to swallow *HVṗV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to swallow *L[ü]ḳa | |to swallow *L[ü]ḳa | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to swallow *L[ü]ḳa | |to swallow *L[ü]ḳa | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to swallow *lVm(ŋ)V | |to swallow *lVm(ŋ)V | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to swallow *Sem[H]V | |to swallow *Sem[H]V | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to swallow *Sem[H]V | |to swallow *Sem[H]V | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to swallow, drink *tVrV | |to swallow, drink *tVrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to swallow, gobble *muḳV | |to swallow, gobble *muḳV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to swallow, throat *balʕ[u] | |to swallow, throat *balʕ[u] | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to swallow, throat *gwVrV | |to swallow, throat *gwVrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to swallow, throat *gwVrV | |to swallow, throat *gwVrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to swallow, throat; pipe *balʕ[u] | |to swallow, throat; pipe *balʕ[u] | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to sweep *swxVjṗV | |to sweep *swxVjṗV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to take *bari | |to take *bari | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to take *bari | |to take *bari | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to take *kantV | |to take *kantV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to take care of, honour *ʔVjsV | |to take care of, honour *ʔVjsV | ||
|to take, receive *HVlV | | | ||
|to taste, eat *č`VmV | |- | ||
| | |||
|to take, receive *HVlV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to taste, eat *č`VmV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to taste, sour *xamV | |to taste, sour *xamV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to tear, break, split *p`äŕ[a] | |to tear, break, split *p`äŕ[a] | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to tear, break, split *p`äŕ[a] | |to tear, break, split *p`äŕ[a] | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to tear, rip *ḳV[ǯ]V | |to tear, rip *ḳV[ǯ]V | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to think *manu | |to think *manu | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to think *manu | |to think *manu | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to think, dream *ʒVm(ŋ)V | |to think, dream *ʒVm(ŋ)V | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to tie, bind *ḳVńV | |to tie, bind *ḳVńV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to tie, bind *ḳVńV | |to tie, bind *ḳVńV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to tie, net *taxlwV | |to tie, net *taxlwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to touch *tVKV | |to touch *tVKV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to trace *Koki | |to trace *Koki | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to trace *Koki | |to trace *Koki | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to tremble *dVrV | |to tremble *dVrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to turn round *ṭurV | |to turn round *ṭurV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to turn round *ṭurV | |to turn round *ṭurV | ||
|to understand, brain | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to understand, brain *ʔVŋV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to understand, see *gUrV | |to understand, see *gUrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to understand, see *gUrV | |to understand, see *gUrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to urinate *swiḳV ( ~ šw-) | |to urinate *swiḳV ( ~ šw-) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to wake *[š]ehŕa | |to wake *[š]ehŕa | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to wake *źwehŕa | |to wake *źwehŕa | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to wake, become clear *ṭVlV | |to wake, become clear *ṭVlV | ||
|to wake; see > eye | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to wake; see > eye *ṭVlV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to walk, go *gVrV | |to walk, go *gVrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to walk, run *gVrV | |to walk, run *gVrV | ||
|to walk, run *meŋV | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to walk, run *meŋV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to wash, soak *lVHwV | |to wash, soak *lVHwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to weaken, disappear *mVjV | |to weaken, disappear *mVjV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to weaken, disappear *mVjV | |to weaken, disappear *mVjV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to wear out; weak, exhausted *lVCV | |to wear out; weak, exhausted *lVCV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to wear, put on *wVc`V | |to wear, put on *wVc`V | ||
|to weave (a lattice | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to weave (a lattice) *rVcV ( ~ -c`-) | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to wink, eyelid *c`VmrV | |to wink, eyelid *c`VmrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to wish *h/a/wV | |to wish *h/a/wV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to wish *wiʎ/g/V | |to wish *wiʎ/g/V | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to wish *wiʎ/g/V | |to wish *wiʎ/g/V | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to wish *h/a/wV | |to wish *h/a/wV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to wish, help *ʔVnV(jV) | |to wish, help *ʔVnV(jV) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to wish, let *šVwV | |to wish, let *šVwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to worry, be stupid *buḳV | |to worry, be stupid *buḳV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to wound, kill *ʔewV | |to wound, kill *ʔewV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|to wound, kill *ʔewV | |to wound, kill *ʔewV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|tongue *tilV(ŋV) | |tongue *tilV(ŋV) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|tongue *tilV(ŋV) | |tongue *tilV(ŋV) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|tongue, to speak *Ḳä[lH]ä | |tongue, to speak *Ḳä[lH]ä | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|tongue, to speak *Ḳä[lH]ä | |tongue, to speak *Ḳä[lH]ä | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|tooth *palV | |tooth *palV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|tooth *palV | |tooth *palV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|tooth, peg *ɣoŋɣV | |tooth, peg *ɣoŋɣV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|tooth, sharp edge *ḳVmbV | |tooth, sharp edge *ḳVmbV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|tooth, sharp edge *ḳVmbV | |tooth, sharp edge *ḳVmbV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|top *ḳVḳV | |top *ḳVḳV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|top *ḳVḳV | |top *ḳVḳV | ||
|top *mVĺV | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|top *mVĺV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|top of head *KVmPV | |top of head *KVmPV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|top of head *KVmPV | |top of head *KVmPV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|top of head, hair *TUmV | |top of head, hair *TUmV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|top of head, hair of head *TUmV | |top of head, hair of head *TUmV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|top of head, horn *ḳirV | |top of head, horn *ḳirV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|top, summit *cimu ( ~ č-, č`-) | |top, summit *cimu ( ~ č-, č`-) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|touch, plaster *ṭaṗV | |touch, plaster *ṭaṗV | ||
|touch, plaster, attach | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|touch, plaster, attach *ṭaṗV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|tramp, step *ceKV | |tramp, step *ceKV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|tree *ṗUjV | |tree *ṗUjV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|tree *ṗUjV | |tree *ṗUjV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|tree *widV | |tree *widV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|tree, wood *dʷirV | |tree, wood *dʷirV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|tree, wood *dʷirV | |tree, wood *dʷirV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|twig, branch *c`UlV | |twig, branch *c`UlV | ||
|twig, rod *šVṭV | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|twig, rod *šVṭV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|twist *murV | |twist *murV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|twist, weave *tVḳV | |twist, weave *tVḳV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|two *malV | |two *malV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|two *tuʔV ( ~ *tuq̇V) | |two *tuʔV ( ~ *tuq̇V) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|two *tuʔV ( ~ *tuq̇V) | |two *tuʔV ( ~ *tuq̇V) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|two / four / eight *NVlV | |two / four / eight *NVlV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|two, pair *gagtV | |two, pair *gagtV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|two, pair *jVŕV | |two, pair *jVŕV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|two, pair *jVŕV | |two, pair *jVŕV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|understand, brain *ʔVŋV | |understand, brain *ʔVŋV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|ungulate *ʔirV | |ungulate *ʔirV | ||
|ungulate *ʔirV | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|ungulate *ʔirV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|upper part of chest, collarbone *kVŋkV | |upper part of chest, collarbone *kVŋkV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|urine, urinate *swiḳV ( ~ šw-) | |urine, urinate *swiḳV ( ~ šw-) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|valley *gowlV | |valley *gowlV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|valley, deep *gowlV | |valley, deep *gowlV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|vessel *kala | |vessel *kala | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|vessel *kala | |vessel *kala | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|vessel *ḳaṗV | |vessel *ḳaṗV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|vessel *ḳaṗV | |vessel *ḳaṗV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|vessel *ḳVwKV | |vessel *ḳVwKV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|village *koṭV | |village *koṭV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|village, house *koṭV | |village, house *koṭV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|village, hut *ḳojmV | |village, hut *ḳojmV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|vulva *p`u[ṭ]V | |vulva *p`u[ṭ]V | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|vulva *pVjcV ( ~ -č-) | |vulva *pVjcV ( ~ -č-) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|wake *ṗuKdV | |wake *ṗuKdV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|walk, roam, ford *kä[lH]V | |walk, roam, ford *kä[lH]V | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|walk, roam, ford *kä[lH]V | |walk, roam, ford *kä[lH]V | ||
|walk, run, road (several roots | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|walk, run, road (several roots, assimilations) *ṭVŕgV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|warm *kačV 'warm' | |warm *kačV 'warm' | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|warm *lVmV | |warm *lVmV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|warm *ṭ[ä]pV | |warm *ṭ[ä]pV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|warm *ṭ[ä]pV | |warm *ṭ[ä]pV | ||
|wash *bVnV | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|wash *bVnV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|wash *mVs(k)V ( ~ -ʒ-) | |wash *mVs(k)V ( ~ -ʒ-) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|wash *mVś(k)V ( ~ -ʒ́-) | |wash *mVś(k)V ( ~ -ʒ́-) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|wash, flow *HVrcV ( ~ -c`-) | |wash, flow *HVrcV ( ~ -c`-) | ||
|water *bVnV | | | ||
|water *wetV | |- | ||
|water *wetV | | | ||
|water *bVnV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|water *wetV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|water *wetV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|water *ʕEḳu | |water *ʕEḳu | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|water *ʕEḳu | |water *ʕEḳu | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|water, pour *ʒwVHlV | |water, pour *ʒwVHlV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|water, to submerge *kUdV | |water, to submerge *kUdV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|water, wet *mEwV | |water, wet *mEwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|water, wet *mEwV | |water, wet *mEwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|we (pronoun) *wV | |we (pronoun) *wV | ||
|we, I [first | | | ||
|weak *HalV ( | |- | ||
| | |||
|we, I [first person pronoun] *wV we | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|weak *HalV (also *lVjV) | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|weak *lVjV | |weak *lVjV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|weak *ṭVrV | |weak *ṭVrV | ||
|weak, lax *lVjńV | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|weak, lax *lVjńV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|weak, tired *HalV | |weak, tired *HalV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|weak, tired, dead *ŋVwV | |weak, tired, dead *ŋVwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|weak, young *ṭVrV | |weak, young *ṭVrV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|wear, dress *wVCV | |wear, dress *wVCV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|weary, tired *ēco ( ~ -č-) | |weary, tired *ēco ( ~ -č-) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|wet *(H)wiɫV | |wet *(H)wiɫV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|wet *(H)wiɫV wet | |wet *(H)wiɫV wet | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|wet *mäŕä | |wet *mäŕä | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|wet *mäŕä | |wet *mäŕä | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|wet *mVk`V | |wet *mVk`V | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|what, interrogative pronoun *mV | |what, interrogative pronoun *mV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|white *swVḳV ( ~ cw−,č𝑤-,čw-) | |white *swVḳV ( ~ cw−,č𝑤-,čw-) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|white, clean *swVḳV ( ~ cw-,čw-) | |white, clean *swVḳV ( ~ cw-,čw-) | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|who *CV | |who *CV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|who, what *ḳV | |who, what *ḳV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|whole *ḳVĺwV | |whole *ḳVĺwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|whole, all, combine *ḳVĺwV | |whole, all, combine *ḳVĺwV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|whole, full *ćwalV | |whole, full *ćwalV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|wide *ṗaṭV | |wide *ṗaṭV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|wide, open *ṗaṭV | |wide, open *ṗaṭV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|willow *čwalV | |willow *čwalV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|willow *čwalV | |willow *čwalV | ||
|wind, to blow *CalV | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
|wind, to blow *CalV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|wing; arm *gara | |wing; arm *gara | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|winter ~ spring *PVnV | |winter ~ spring *PVnV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|winter, cold *gImV | |winter, cold *gImV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|winter, cold *gImV | |winter, cold *gImV | ||
|wish *ʔVnV(jV) | | | ||
|wolf, dog *ḲüjnA | |- | ||
|wolf, dog *ḲüjnA | | | ||
|woman *k/u/nV | |wish *ʔVnV(jV) | ||
|woman *k/u/nV | | | ||
|woman, female *nVzV ( ~ -ʒ-) | |- | ||
|wood *widV | | | ||
|worm *ḲorV | |wolf, dog *ḲüjnA | ||
|worm *ḲorV | | | ||
|worm *kuńV (if < *kuj-nV | |- | ||
|worm *mVṭV | | | ||
|worm *mVṭV | |wolf, dog *ḲüjnA | ||
|worm *ṗäri | | | ||
|worm *ṗäri | |- | ||
|worm, insect *ḳwVŋV | | | ||
|worm, insect *ŋalmV | |woman *k/u/nV | ||
|year *w[e]ṭV | | | ||
|year *w[e]ṭV | |- | ||
|year, old *CVnV | | | ||
|year, old *zVnV | |woman *k/u/nV | ||
|you *si | | | ||
|young *bāla 'child, young' | |- | ||
|young animal, plant *ṭVlV | | | ||
|young animal, plant *ṭVlV | |woman, female *nVzV ( ~ -ʒ-) | ||
|young male *majrV | | | ||
|young male *majrV | |- | ||
|young man *ḳacV ( ~ -c`-) | | | ||
|young of animals *ḳʷVŕV | |wood *widV | ||
|young of animals *ḳʷVŕV | | | ||
| | |- | ||
|- | | | ||
| | |worm *ḲorV | ||
|young, child *ḲanV | | | ||
| | |- | ||
|- | | | ||
| | |worm *ḲorV | ||
|young, child *ḲanV | | | ||
| | |- | ||
|} | | | ||
|worm *kuńV (if < *kuj-nV) | |||
== Etymologies possibly linked to Afroasiatic == | | | ||
|- | |||
| | |||
== Etymologies possibly linked to Sino-Caucasian == | |worm *mVṭV | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|worm *mVṭV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|worm *ṗäri | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|worm *ṗäri | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|worm, insect *ḳwVŋV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|worm, insect *ŋalmV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|year *w[e]ṭV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|year *w[e]ṭV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|year, old *CVnV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|year, old *zVnV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|you *si | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|young *bāla 'child, young' | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|young animal, plant *ṭVlV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|young animal, plant *ṭVlV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|young male *majrV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|young male *majrV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|young man *ḳacV ( ~ -c`-) | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|young of animals *ḳʷVŕV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|young of animals *ḳʷVŕV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|young, child *ḲanV | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
|young, child *ḲanV | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
== Etymologies possibly linked to Afroasiatic == | |||
== Etymologies possibly linked to Sino-Caucasian == | |||
== Etymologies possibly linked to Austric == | == Etymologies possibly linked to Austric == | ||
Line 4,187: | Line 7,478: | ||
!Proto-Atlanto-Mediterranean | !Proto-Atlanto-Mediterranean | ||
!Meaning | !Meaning | ||
! | !Proto-Khoisan | ||
|- | |- | ||
|* | |*dʑoa | ||
|ashes | |ashes | ||
|*ʒ́o[a] | |*ʒ́o[a] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|* | |*tshaʔ | ||
|cold | |cold | ||
|*cha- | |*cha- | ||
Line 4,201: | Line 7,492: | ||
|*Ha | |*Ha | ||
|- | |- | ||
|* | |*tʼʔu | ||
|dew | |dew | ||
|*ǀu | |*ǀu | ||
|- | |- | ||
|* | |*tɬʼʔ[χ]uɦ | ||
|dry | |dry | ||
|*ǀǀXU | |*ǀǀXU | ||
|- | |- | ||
|* | |*[ts]uɦ | ||
|excrement | |excrement | ||
|*CU | |*CU | ||
|- | |- | ||
|* | |*[ts]a(ɴ) | ||
|fat | |fat | ||
|*Ca(N) | |*Ca(N) | ||
|- | |- | ||
|* | |*vuɦ | ||
|father | |father | ||
|*BU | |*BU | ||
|- | |- | ||
|* | |*tʼʔʁ° | ||
|hair | |hair | ||
|*ǀʁV | |*ǀʁV | ||
|- | |- | ||
|* | |*tɬau | ||
|hand | |hand | ||
|*ƛ[a]u | |*ƛ[a]u | ||
|- | |- | ||
|* | |*ɳtsʼʔuʔ | ||
|kidney | |kidney | ||
|*ɳ!u- | |*ɳ!u- | ||
|- | |- | ||
|* | |*gtʼʔa | ||
|leaf | |leaf | ||
|*ɡǀa | |*ɡǀa | ||
|- | |- | ||
|* | |*tɬaɴ° | ||
|lizard | |lizard | ||
|*ƛaNV | |*ƛaNV | ||
|- | |- | ||
|* | |*pʼʔha | ||
|meat | |meat | ||
|*ʘha | |*ʘha | ||
|- | |- | ||
|* | |*ʢaj° | ||
|mother | |mother | ||
|*[H]aj- | |*[H]aj- | ||
|- | |- | ||
|* | |*tɬʼakʼ°ɴ° | ||
|shoe | |shoe | ||
|*ƛ̣aḳVNV | |*ƛ̣aḳVNV | ||
|- | |- | ||
|* | |*tsʼ°kʼ° | ||
|smoke | |smoke | ||
|*c̣VḳV | |*c̣VḳV | ||
|- | |- | ||
|* | |*ʎiʔ | ||
|to blow the nose; snot | |to blow the nose; snot | ||
|*ʎi- | |*ʎi- | ||
|- | |- | ||
|* | |*tɬ°[k]° | ||
|to chop | |to chop | ||
|*ƛVKV | |*ƛVKV | ||
|- | |- | ||
|* | |*kxe | ||
|to cry, sound | |to cry, sound | ||
|*kxe | |*kxe | ||
|- | |- | ||
|* | |*k°ʔ°ŋ | ||
|to know | |to know | ||
|*kVʔV[ŋ] | |*kVʔV[ŋ] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|* | |*i[ts]aʔ | ||
|to steal | |to steal | ||
|*[i]Ca- | |*[i]Ca- | ||
|- | |- | ||
|* | |*tɬʼʔkxa | ||
|to wash | |to wash | ||
|*ǀǀkxa | |*ǀǀkxa | ||
|- | |- | ||
|* | |*tɬʼʔɢoʔ | ||
|tortoise | |tortoise | ||
|*ǀǀGo- | |*ǀǀGo- |
Revision as of 19:35, 12 July 2024
Etymologies possibly linked to Nostratic
Proto-Atlanto-Mediterranean | Meaning | Eurasiatic |
---|---|---|
*[k]°rd° | a bird of prey | *KVrdV |
*[ts]°n[ts]° | a biting insect | *CVnCV |
*n° | a deictic element | *nV |
*n° | a demonstrative element | *nV |
*tʼ°k° *dw°kʼ° | a horned animal | *ṭVkV (*dwVḳV) |
*m°r° | a kind of berry | *mVrV |
*tʃʼw°ʢkʼ° | a kind of bird | *[č`w]VHḳV |
*[ts]°m° | a kind of bird | *CVmV |
*[ts]°m° | a kind of bird | *CVmV |
*ʢal°kʼ° | a kind of bird | *HalVḳV |
*ʢal°kʼ° | a kind of bird | *HalVḳV |
*kjama | a kind of (aquatic) bird | *k[i̯a]ma |
*kaɴ° | a kind of bird | *kaNV |
*kaɴ° | a kind of bird | *kaNV |
*kʼuɦʎ° | a kind of bird | *ḳUĺV |
*kʼuɦʎ° | a kind of bird | *ḳUĺV |
*k°pʼ° | a kind of bird | *kVṗV |
a kind of bird | *kVṗV | |
a kind of bird | *kwVtV | |
a kind of bird | *kwVtV | |
a kind of bird | *ĺVkĺVkV | |
a kind of bird | *sVgV | |
a kind of bird | *SVlwV | |
a kind of bird | *SVlwV | |
a kind of bird | *ṭVrV / *ṭVṭVrV | |
a kind of bird (gallinacean) | *KVwrV | |
a kind of bone | *c`iŋu | |
a kind of cereal | *lVnṭV | |
a kind of cereal | *lVnṭV | |
a kind of duck | *ṭVḳV | |
a kind of duck or hen | *ṭVḳV | |
a kind of fish | *č`VHmV | |
(a) kind of fish | *kećä | |
a kind of fish | *kVrV | |
a kind of fish | *kVrV | |
a kind of fish; salmon | *ńowŋa | |
a kind of fruit | *mVsV | |
a kind of fruit | *mVsV | |
a kind of gallinacean bird | *KVwrV | |
a kind of grass | *wVĺV | |
a kind of grass | *wVĺV | |
a kind of grass | *cVmV | |
a kind of horned animal | *mula | |
a kind of horned animal | *mula | |
*tʃjuːppa *tʃjuːppu | a kind of insect | *či̯ū́ p𝑖̯ū́𝑝a ( ~ -u) |
*[k]uɦm° | a kind of insect | *KUmV |
*[k]uɦm° | a kind of insect | *KUmV |
a kind of insect | *ḳUṭḳV | |
a kind of insect | *ḳUṭḳV | |
a kind of insect | *lVŋV | |
a kind of insect | *m[a]ŋi | |
a kind of insect | *mVḳV | |
a kind of insect | *mVḳV | |
a kind of insect | *pUḳV | |
a kind of insect | *pVN(T)V | |
a kind of insect | *ṗVnǯV | |
a kind of insect, louse | *ṗVnǯV | |
a kind of liquid | *c`UtV | |
a kind of onion | *sUŋV | |
a kind of predator | *bVrV | |
a kind of predator | *KVrdV | |
a kind of rodent | *[xq̇]wĕ[l]ʕǝ́ | |
a kind of sack | *lVmV | |
a kind of tree | *jVwV (*ʔVjwV) | |
a kind of tree | *jVwV (*ʔVjwV) | |
a kind of tree | *kojw[a] | |
a kind of tree | *NEḳrV | |
a kind of tree | *ʔilVmV | |
a kind of ungulate | *cVHnV ( ~ *c`-) | |
a kind of ungulate | *CVxnV | |
a kind of ungulate | *mVnV | |
a kind of vessel | *ḳVwKV | |
a kind of vessel | *pVNV | |
a kind of water bird (gull) | *sVgV | |
a part of leg, foot | *lVlV | |
a small animal | *cwVkV ( ~ čw-) | |
a stinging insect | *mVwć`wV | |
a stinging insect | *pUḳV | |
all | *eli | |
all, join | *kalV | |
*tʃakiː | an insect; a kind of insect | *čă k𝑎̆𝑘i |
an insect | *mVwcwV | |
an internal organ | *CV(n)CV | |
an ungulate | *morV | |
angry | *jVrV | |
animal hair | *mVńCV | |
animal hair | *mVńcV ( ~ -c`-) | |
antelope | *gujrV | |
antelope | *gujrV | |
arm | *gara | |
arm | *küjnV | |
arm | *lVlV | |
arm, leg | *ćVḳV | |
armpit | *ḳVwVŋV | |
army, people | *čVbV | |
ashes, burn 1; light 2 | *ṗVdwV 1; *pi̯ŏ t𝑖̯𝑜̆𝑡e ( ~ -t-, *pi̯ă t𝑖̯𝑎̆𝑡u) 2 | |
ashes, dirt | *ṗVlV | |
back | *dVgV | |
back | *gedV | |
back | *gedV | |
back | *sVrV | |
back | *tVbV | |
back | *tVbV | |
back | *ʔarV | |
back | *ʔarV | |
back, rear | *kuNṭV | |
back, side | *ṗVŋV | |
bad | *bVHCV | |
bad | *ʔVkV | |
bad | *ʔVkV | |
bad, dirty | *darV | |
bad, dirty | *darV | |
bad, evil | *bVHCV | |
bad, harm | *sogwV ( ~ š-) | |
bark | *ḳerV | |
bark | *ḳerV | |
bark | *ḲopV | |
bark | *ḲopV | |
bark | *ḳuLV | |
bark | *ḳVrṗV | |
bark, cover | *ṭUgV ( ~ -H-) | |
bark, peel | *ḳuLV | |
bark, skin | *ḳVrṗV | |
basket | *ḳocV | |
basket | *ḳoćV | |
be angry | *kwVrV (~ gw) | |
be angry | *kwVrV (~ gw) | |
be destroyed, fall apart | *HVŕV | |
be full | *ḳOṗV | |
be full, complete | *ḳOṗV | |
be ill | *lVχV | |
be ill | *lVχV | |
be satiated | *HVwV | |
be smooth | *gVlV | |
be visible, see | *nVkV | |
beat | *biχV | |
beat | *biχV | |
beat | *ṭoḳV | |
beat | *ṭoḳV | |
beat, break | *buṭV | |
beat, hit | *SUTV | |
beat, hit | *SUTV | |
beat, hit | *ṭapħa | |
beat, hit | *ṭapħa | |
bee | *ṗVrV | |
bee, insect | *ṗVrV | |
behind, buttock | *[šw]VtV | |
behind, buttock | *SVtV | |
belly | *wa[n]čV | |
belly | *wa[n]ʒ́wV | |
belly, entrails | *gwVlV | |
belly, heart | *kuŋV | |
belly, heart | *kuŋV | |
belly, intestines | *gUtV / *kUtV | |
belly, intestines | *gUtV / *kUtV | |
belly, liver | *gwVlV | |
belly, stomach | *Ḳarbi | |
belly, stomach | *Ḳarbi | |
below | *HalV | |
below | *HalV | |
bend | *ḳVlV | |
bend | *ḳVŋV | |
bend | *ṭoŋV | |
berry | *mVrV | |
big | *mVkV | |
big | *t`VwjV | |
big | *wol[a] | |
big | *wol[a] | |
big fish | *ḳUlV | |
big fish | *ḳUlV | |
big tree | *dVnwV | |
big tree | *dVnwV | |
big, full | *tVdV | |
big, heavy | *pVKV | |
big, large | *mVkV | |
big, thick | *č`oḳV ( ~ -q̇-) | |
big, thick | *č`oḳV ( ~ -q̇-) | |
big, thick | *tVdV | |
big, very | *ʔVnV | |
big, very | *ʔVnV | |
bile | *bišV ( ~ -č`-) | |
bind | *KuTV | |
bind | *KVrV | |
birch | *kojw[a] | |
bird | *[č`w]VHḳV | |
bird | *HVwjV | |
bird | *HVwjV | |
bird's tail | *ṗVńcwV ( ~ -c`w-) | |
bite, chew | *käjwV (-b-) | |
bite, tear | *ḳVCV | |
biting insect | *CVnCV | |
bitter | *gVcwV(~-čw-) | |
bitter | *sVbV | |
bitter, gall | *bišV ( ~ -č`-) | |
bitter, sour | *gVcwV(~−č𝑤𝑉(~-čw- ) | |
black | *ḳarV | |
black | *ḳarV | |
black | *ʔVbV | |
black | *ʔVbV | |
black, dark | *ḳUmV | |
black, dark | *ḳUmV | |
black, dark | *mVCHV | |
black, dark; black | *nal- | |
black, night | *sVrV | |
black-cock | *ṭVrV / *ṭVṭVrV | |
blade, awl | *ʔVlV | |
blade, whetstone | *ʔVlV | |
blister, abscess | *HVlVḳV | |
blister, wound | *HVlVḳV | |
blood | *bUjlV | |
blood | *bUjlV | |
blood | *ḳVnV | |
blood | *wirV | |
blood | *ʔVsxV | |
blood, blood vessel | *ḳVnV | |
blood, breath | *HwinV | |
blood, breath | *ʔVsxV | |
blood, red | *ḳurV | |
blood, red | *ḳurV | |
blood, spirit; spirit; blood | *cwVnV | |
blood; marrow | *mVLV | |
blood; red | *wirV | |
blue | *swVNV | |
blue | *swVNV | |
board, stick | *ṭVlV | |
body | *bVdV | |
body, belly | *bVdV | |
boil | *borV, *buŕa | |
boil | *borV, *buŕa | |
boil, burn | *ḳVju | |
bone | *girV | |
bone | *girV | |
bone | *HV(w)[č`]V | |
bone | *HV(w)čV | |
bone | *ḳač`V | |
bone | *ḳaCV | |
bone | *ʒ́VmV (*c`iŋu) | |
bone, tooth | *ṗVjNV | |
bone, tooth | *ṗVjNV | |
bosom | *ʔVṗV | |
bosom | *ʔVṗV | |
bovine; horse | *luwV (*luɣV) | |
bow | *büḲa | |
bow, arc | *ṭoŋV | |
bow, lean | *tajV | |
brain | *mVŋV | |
brain | *mVŋV | |
brain, head | *wVṭV(mV) | |
brain, marrow; head | *wVṭV(mV) | |
branch | *rVṭV | |
branch, rod | *rVṭV | |
branch, stick | *HelV | |
branch, twig, rod | *šVṭV | |
break, chop | *cVṗV | |
break, split | *buṭV | |
breast | *[c]V(n)ʒwV | |
breast | *ḳerdV | |
breast | *ṗome | |
breast, belly | *ʔudV | |
breast, udder | *mälgi | |
breast, udder | *mälgi | |
breath, smell | *sVwHV | |
bright | *bVrḳV | |
bright | *ʔVǯV | |
bright | *ʔVǯV | |
brown | *boŕa | |
brown | *boŕa | |
brown, dark | *KVŋV | |
brown, yellow | *KVŋV | |
bug, flea | *ŋalmV | |
build, house | *dwVmV | |
burn; bonfire | *mūga | |
burn | *ṗaĺV | |
burn | *ṗaĺV | |
burn | *ṗVrV | |
burn | *wVrV | |
burn | *wVrV | |
burn, bake | *buKV | |
burn, boil; burn, kindle | *t`èmo ( ~ t-) | |
burn, fire | *qoṭi | |
burn, fire | *qoṭi | |
burn, fire | *t`ülV | |
burn, hot coals | *gUrV | |
burn, hot coals | *gUrV | |
burn, roast | *buKV | |
burn, roast, dry | *ḳVńV | |
burn, shine | *Cajŋa | |
burn, shine | *ʒajŋa | |
burst | *paḳV | |
butterfly | *ṗVrṗVlV | |
butterfly | *ṗVrṗVlV | |
buy, sell | *ṗVrV | |
calf | *ṗVrV ( ~ p-) | |
calf, bull | *ṗVrV ( ~ p-) | |
cattle; horse | *morV | |
cave, hole | *ḳVjwV | |
cave, hole | *ḳVjwV | |
cheek | *ṗVlV | |
chest, belly | *bUrV | |
chest, belly | *bUrV | |
child | *mVḳV | |
child, to bear | *berV | |
child, to bear | *berV | |
chin | *kenV | |
chin | *kenV (*kVngV) | |
chin, beard; cheek bone | *čò k𝑜̀𝑘e ( ~ -i̯u-) | |
chin, jaw | *kVṗV | |
chop | *cVṗV | |
chopped piece, to cut | *ḳUṭV (*ḳVtV) | |
clan member | *ʔarV | |
clay, mud | *pVnV | |
clay, mud | *pVnV | |
clothing | *ḳa(j)dV | |
cloud | *bVl(w)V | |
cloud | *bVl(w)V | |
coals, burn | *CuxLV | |
coals, soot, burn | *CuxLV | |
cold | *[z]VrV | |
cold | *KurV | |
cold | *KurV | |
cold | *SVŋV | |
cold | *ʒ́VrV | |
cold, frost | *SVŋV | |
come, go; rise | *Horä | |
coniferous tree | *pVnč`wV | |
coniferous tree, resin | *pVnč`wV | |
corner, enclosure | *ḳVnVṭV | |
corner, wall | *ḳVnVṭV | |
court, enclosure | *dwVrV | |
cover | *ṭUgV ( ~ -H-) | |
cover, close | *ḳaṗV | |
cover, close | *ḳaṗV | |
crane | *kar-/*ker- | |
crane | *kar-/*ker- | |
crust | *c`VrV | |
curved, bent | *ḳUrV | |
cut | *čVḳV ( ~ *č`-) | |
cut | *ḳUṭV | |
cut | *ḳVc`V | |
cut | *kVlV | |
cut, sharp | *CarV | |
dark | *HamV | |
dark | *rVmV | |
dark | *rVmV | |
dark | *sVmV | |
dark | *ṭVmV | |
dark | *ṭVmV | |
dark, black; dark | *muṭV | |
dark, black | *mVCHV | |
dark, black; dark | *sVmV | |
dark, cloudy | *muṭV | |
darkness, night | *kVcwV ( ~ -čw-) | |
dawn | *gojńV | |
dawn, light | *gojńV | |
dawn, light | *lVwŋV | |
dawn, noon | *lVwŋV | |
day, shine | *dʷVjɣV | |
day, shine | *dʷVjɣV | |
day, sun, light | *ŋera | |
decease | *ŋVwV | |
deer | *mVnV | |
deer | *ʔelV | |
deer | *ʔelV | |
deer, antilope | *ʔoru | |
deer, he-goat | *pOgV | |
demonstrative pronoun | *mV | |
demonstrative pronoun | *mV | |
demonstrative pronoun | *ṭV | |
demonstrative pronoun | *ṭV | |
demonstrative pronoun | *ḳV | |
demonstrative pronoun | *sV | |
dew, liquid | *rVCV | |
die, finish | *muṭV | |
die, starve | *HwelV | |
die; kill | *nek'- | |
dig, hack | *ḳVṗV | |
direction, road | *gwVCV | |
direction, road, pass | *gwVCV | |
dirt | *böḳa | |
dirt | *c`VrV | |
dirt | *c`VrV | |
dirt | *kodV | |
dirt | *kodV | |
dirt | *lVḳwV | |
dirt, earth | *magV | |
dirt, faeces | *[ʒ]VḳV | |
dirt, faeces | *SVḳV | |
dog | *KUCV | |
dog | *ḳVpV | |
dog | *ḳVpV | |
dog | *ŋindV | |
dog | *ŋindV | |
dog | *ŋVḳV | |
dog, wolf | *bVrV | |
dog, wolf | *KUCV | |
dog, wolf | *ŋVḳV | |
dream | *CVm(ŋ)V | |
drink | *jVgU | |
drink, liquid | *CUtV | |
drink, swallow | *ʔEmV | |
drink, water | *HVṗV | |
dry | *gwVlV | |
dry | *ḳVjwV(rV) | |
dry | *ḳVjwV(rV) | |
dry | *kVkV | |
dry | *kVk𝑉𝑘V | |
dry | *KVmV | |
dry | *ḳVs(w)V | |
dry | *sušV | |
dry | *śušV | |
dry, burn | *gwVlV (*/ḳ/alV) | |
dung, mud | *ḳorV | |
dust | *bur(H)V | |
dust | *bur(H)V | |
dust, ashes | *ṭVṭV | |
dust, ashes, smoke | *ṭVṭV | |
dust, dirt | *böḳa | |
dwelling | *gülV | |
dwelling | *gülV | |
ear | *KVrWV | |
ear | *KVrWV | |
early | *ʔVCV | |
early | *ʔVrV | |
early | *ʔVrV | |
early, dawn | *ʔVcwV | |
earth | *DVG- | |
earth | *DVG- | |
earth | *magV | |
earth, dust | *ṭVŕV | |
earth, dust | *ṭVŕV | |
eat | *tin- | |
eat | *UNV | |
eat, drink | *UNV | |
edge; top, summit | *cimu ( ~ ć-, č-, č`-) | |
edge | *Hońća | |
edge | *HońcV | |
edge | *mVcV ( ~ -c`-) | |
edge | *ṗerV | |
edge | *PVlV | |
edge | *PVlV (*ṗVlV) | |
edge, side | *mVcV ( ~ -c`-) | |
edge, side | *ṗerV | |
egg | *ṭUĺV | |
egg | *ṭUĺV | |
elbow, forearm | *c`VjḳV | |
elbow, knee | *küjnV | |
elder brother or sister | *ʔaḳV | |
elder brother/sister | *eńV | |
elder male relative, father | *ʔVṭV (*tajV) | |
elder relative | *ʔaḳV | |
elder relative | *ʔVṭV | |
elm | *ʔilVmV | |
enclosure | *gErV | |
enclosure | *gVrdV | |
enclosure | *gVrdV | |
enclosure | *wVč`V ( ~ -ǯ-) | |
enclosure, yard | *dwVrV | |
enclosure, yard | *gErV | |
end; mouth | *[s]UwV | |
enemy | *ḳarV | |
enemy | *ḳarV | |
evening | *SVKV | |
evening | *sVrV | |
evening | *ʒwVṗV | |
evening, sleep | *ʒwVṗV | |
extinguish | *sun(d)V ( ~ ś-, š-) | |
eye, see | *HuḲa | |
eye, see | *HuḲa | |
eye, see | *HwVlV | |
eyebrow (> eyelid); hair of head | *SVmrV | |
face | *mVŋV | |
face, chin | *kVṗV | |
face, forehead | *pVNV | |
face, head | *mVĺV | |
face, head | *mVṭV | |
face, head | *pVNV | |
face, nose, mouth | *mVŋV | |
face, skin on head | *mVṭV | |
fall | *ḳVtV | |
fall, descend | *HewV | |
fall, descend, disappear | *HewV(jV) | |
far; next | *ḳUlV | |
fart | *PV[s]V | |
fart | *PVSV | |
fat | *gwVjV | |
fat | *gwVjV | |
fat, intestines | *sebV ( ~ ś-, š-) | |
father | *aṗV | |
father | *aṗV | |
feather | *ṗVĺV | |
feather, tail | *ṗVĺV | |
female | *nVzV ( ~ -ʒ-) | |
female | *ṗenV | |
female genitalia | *mVṭV | |
female genitalia | *mVṭV | |
female in-law | *kälU | |
female in-law | *kälU | |
female relative | *eńV | |
female relative | *mVjNV | |
female relative | *mVjNV | |
female relative | *natV | |
female relative | *natV | |
fence, enclosure | *wVč`V ( ~ -ǯ-) | |
fight, kill | *HwelV | |
finger | *pVrV | |
finger, claw | *č`wVṗV | |
finger, claw | *č`wVṗV | |
finger, fingernail | *pVrV | |
finger, toe | *ḳVrV | |
fire | *CVCxV | |
fire | *dʷVɣV | |
fire | *dʷVɣV | |
fire | *ṗVxwV | |
fire | *ṗVxwV | |
fire | *zVcwxV | |
fire, burn | *HenkV | |
fire, burn | *HenkV | |
fire, burn | *nVjV | |
fire, burn | *ŋera | |
fire, burn | *ṗVrV | |
fire, burn | *ʔumV | |
fire, burn | *ʔumV | |
fire, to strike fire | *cVḳV ( ~ *č-) | |
fire, warmth | *lVmV | |
first person pronoun | *ŋV | |
first person pronoun | *mV | |
first person pronoun (exclusive) | *ŋV | |
fish | *č`VHmV | |
fish | *dVgV | |
fish | *dVgV | |
fist | *mVǯHV | |
fist, handle | *ṗVnḳV | |
fist, wrist | *kompV | |
fist; squeeze with a fist, crumple | *mVǯHV | |
flat | *lVṗV | |
flat | *lVṗV | |
flat | *ṭaPV | |
flat | *ṭaPV | |
flat, level | *ṗVlHV | |
flat, level | *ṗVlHV | |
flat, plain | *ṭalV | |
flea | *pur_cwV(GV) / *pülcwV(GV) | |
flea | *pur_cwV(GV) / *pülcwV(GV) | |
flesh, blood; flesh, fat | *SVĺV | |
flesh, fat | *c`ebV | |
flesh, fat | *swVĺV | |
flow | *ńVjrV | |
flow | *ńVjrV | |
flow, gush | *bVlV | |
flow, gush | *bVlV | |
fly | *ṗarV | |
fly | *ṗarV | |
fly, flea | *ṗVlV | |
fly, midge | *ṗVlV | |
fog | *musV | |
food | *HVlV | |
food, eat | *HVlV | |
foolish, deceive | *tVlV | |
foot, knee | *bVl(m)V | |
foot, sole | *ṗVHdV | |
foot, toe | *ḳVrV | |
forest, wilderness | *ni̯VnV | |
four | *NVlV | |
fox | *[čw]VlɣV | |
fox, weasel | *[čw]VlɣV | |
fragile | *lVmV | |
fringe, thread | *sVŋV | |
fringe, thread | *śVŋV ( ~ *ć`-) | |
frog | *gwVrV | |
frog | *gwVrV | |
front | *HalV | |
front | *HanṭV | |
front | *HanṭV | |
front; front, breast | *ʔedV | |
front, breast | *mVńV | |
front, breast | *mVńV | |
front, breast | *ʔedV | |
front, nose | *newRV | |
front, outside | *HalV | |
frost, cold | *pič`V | |
frozen snow | *čVgV | |
frozen snow | *čVgV | |
fruit | *bVrq̇wV | |
fruit | *bVrq̇wV | |
full | *HVp`V | |
full | *HVPVTV | |
full | *malV | |
full | *ṭVngV | |
full | *ṭVngV | |
full | *tVrV | |
full, all | *wV(n)CV | |
full, all | *wV(n)CV | |
full, fill | *ṭVmV | |
furrow | *HarV | |
furrow, hoe | *HarV | |
gather, assemble; buy, assemble | *ṗVrV | |
genitalia | *ḳUṭV | |
genitalia | *ḳUṭV | |
get in pairs, pair > two | *malV | |
get, obtain | *ga | |
gift, allotment | *ajṭV ~ *amṭV | |
gift, allotment | *ajṭV ~ *amṭV | |
give | *ćwVHV | |
glittering | *gi[ɫ]ħu | |
glittering | *gi[ɫ]ħu | |
glue | *[c]VbV | |
glue, join | *ćabV | |
go astray, fall apart | *HVŕV | |
go, come | *HVjV | |
go, follow | *HVjV | |
goat | *ṭVkV (*dwVḳV) | |
goat, deer | *ʔoru | |
goat, ram, deer | *pOgV | |
good | *mVlV | |
good | *näḳi | |
good (of soul) | *näḳi | |
good, big | *bVtV | |
good, fit | *dUgV | |
good, new | *wVlV | |
good, proper | *ʔVjV | |
good, take care | *ʔVjsV | |
goose | *ĺVkĺVkV | |
grain | *SVrV | |
grain | *SVrV | |
grasp | *kamV | |
grasp | *kamV | |
grasp, seize, press | *HamV | |
grass | *kuCu | |
grass, reed | *ćVmV | |
grass, twigs | *c`UlV | |
grass, vegetables | *kuč`u | |
grey | *c'VjrV | |
grey | *c'VjrV | |
grind | *nVq̇V | |
grind | *nVq̇V | |
gum, resin, mud | *ṗoŋV | |
gums; part of face, gums | *ńVjlV | |
guts, inside | *oŕV | |
hack | *ṭanV | |
hair | *cVḳV | |
hair | *k`VSV | |
hair | *ńä[w(ŋ)]a [*ŋVjV] | |
hair | *ńä[w(ŋ)]a [*ŋVjV] | |
hair | *nVwrV | |
hair | *nVwrV | |
hair | *ŋVjV | |
hair | *p`un(́)V | |
hair | *p`un(́)V | |
hair | *pUdV | |
hair | *sVHrV | |
hair | *sVHrV | |
hair | *ṭVrV | |
hair | *ṭVrV | |
hair | *k`VSV | |
hair, beard | *Ḳila | |
hair, eyebrow | *burV | |
hair, feather | *pUdV (*HapUdV) | |
hair, hair of head | *burV | |
hair, head | *q̇irV | |
hair, rope | *ŋVjV | |
hair, stalk | *Ḳila | |
hair, tail | *sVPV | |
half, part | *palV | |
hand | *mVńV ( / *mVń-rV) | |
hand | *mVńV ( / *mVń-rV) | |
hand(ful) | *kompV | |
hand, arm | *bVgu | |
hand, arm | *udV | |
hand, bone | *ŋVlV | |
hand, elbow | *ŋVlV | |
hand, fist | *ṗVnḳV | |
hand, limb | *udV | |
hard | *ḳVmV | |
hard, bone | *ḳVmV | |
hard, firm | *pVKV | |
harm, deceive | *sogwV ( ~ š-) | |
harsh, ragged | *c`VrV | |
head | *q̇irV | |
head, back of head | *ḳapV | |
hear | *sVmV | |
hear | *SVmV | |
hear, ear | *ḳiwlV | |
hear, ear; hear; ear | *me- | |
heart | *sVʎV(mV) | |
heart | *śVʎV(mV) | |
heart, breast | *ḳerdV | |
heat | *[H]indV | |
heavy, labour | *mVnḳV | |
herd | *cVčV | |
high | *berg[i] | |
high | *berg[i] | |
high | *TVGV | |
hill | *tujpV | |
hill, rock | *bVgV ( ~ -ɣ-) | |
hill, top | *tujpV | |
hit | *wVdV | |
hit | *wVdV | |
hole | *HangV (*wonkV) | |
hole | *k`VCV | |
hole | *ḳUrV | |
hole | *wonkV | |
hole, cavity | *ḳVwVŋV | |
hole, empty | *gop`a | |
hole, empty | *gop`a | |
hole, mouth | *k`VCV | |
hole, vulva | *p`u[ṭ]V | |
hollow | *HVlwV | |
hollow, cavity | *HVlwV | |
hoof | *ḳäṗV | |
hoof | *ḳäṗV | |
hoof | *sUdV | |
hoof | *ṭUṗV | |
hoof, finger(nail); hoof | *ṭUṗV | |
hoof, hoof deformation | *c`UdV | |
horn | *ḳirV | |
horn | *mVrgV | |
horn; root | *mVrgV | |
horned animal | *bVrV | |
horned animal | *bVrV | |
hot, warm | *ṗäḳV | |
house | *pVrV | |
house | *ʔU[ṭ]V | |
house, village; village, hut | *ḳojmV | |
humid, wet | *mVk`V | |
I, myself | *ʔVkV (*ʔVgV) | |
I, myself; we [first person pronoun] | *ʔVkV (*ʔVgV) | |
I, we [first person pronoun] | *mV | |
ice, cold | *jVkV | |
ice, cold | *jVkV | |
ill, die | *m[ä]rV | |
ill, die | *m[ä]rV | |
insect, vermine | *tVkV | |
insect, vermine | *tVkV | |
insect, worm | *ḳwVŋV | |
insect, worm | *lVŋV | |
inside, stomach | *ʔudV | |
interrogative or relative pronoun | *ŋiV | |
interrogative or relative pronoun | *ŋiV | |
interrogative pronoun | *ḳV | |
interrogative pronoun | *mV | |
intestine | *[c']VlV | |
intestine | *ć'VlV | |
intestine | *ḳUʒwV | |
intestines | *ḳUʒ́wV | |
intestines; stomach, intestines | *ḳVmV | |
intestines | *lVŋ(d)V | |
intestines | *oŕV | |
jaw, palate | *ʔVŋV | |
jaw, palate | *ʔVŋV | |
joint, limb | *bVgu | |
joy | *bVjV | |
joy, desire | *bVjV | |
juice, ferment | *sVḳV ( ~ š-) | |
jump, run | *lVKV | |
kidney, heart | *lVŋ(d)V | |
kill | *KolV | |
kill | *ḳVwχV | |
knee | *bVl(m)V | |
knee, ankle | *sVnV | |
knife, cut, break | *kUŋ[d]V | |
know | *ṭanV | |
know, hear; know | *ṭanV (*-ŋ-) | |
know, name | *nerV | |
large fish | *lVmbV | |
large predator | *zīwe(ŋkV) | |
large predator | *zīwe(ŋkV) | |
large, heavy | *sUrV | |
large, heavy | *sUrV | |
laugh | *gUlV | |
laugh, merry | *gUlV | |
leaf | *bolV | |
leaf | *bolV | |
leaf | *lVṗV | |
leaf tree | *ṗVlV | |
leaf tree | *ṗVlV | |
leaf, bark | *lVṗV | |
leaf, branch | *HelV | |
leaf, flower; bud | *pòŋa ( ~ *p`-) | |
leaf; reed | *HVrVlV (*HVlVrV) | |
leg | *ɫaḳV | |
leg | *ɫaḳV | |
leg, arm | *ḳVwlV | |
leg, limb | *ḳVwlV | |
level ground | *ṭalV | |
lick | *laḳV | |
lick | *laḳV | |
lick | *lašV | |
lick | *lašV | |
lick, drink | *talV | |
lie | *ḳVwjV | |
light, burn | *Howri | |
light, burn | *Howri | |
light, loose | *SulV | |
light, shine | *HVlV | |
light, shine | *HVlV | |
light, shine | *jVḳV | |
light, shine | *jVḳV | |
light, shine | *mVlV | |
limb | *ṗVHdV | |
lip, soft excrescence | *kanpV | |
lip, soft excrescence | *kanpV | |
liquid | *GurV | |
liquid | *GurV | |
liquid | *lVṭV | |
liquid | *lVṭV | |
liquid | *sVwV | |
liquid | *śVwV | |
liquid, dirt | *lVḳwV | |
liquid, flow | *L[ä]jV | |
liver | *pi̯ā̀ki | |
liver | *ponta | |
liver, belly | *tVrV(ŋV) | |
liver, intestines; blood, marrow | *mVLV | |
lizard, slug | *mVxlV ( ~ *mVlxV) | |
lizard, worm | *mVxlV ( ~ *mVlxV) | |
loins, groin | *zVmV | |
long | *tel(ḥ)V | |
long | *tel(ḥ)V | |
long bone | *śVnV | |
long hair, tail | *[s]VPV | |
long, far | *ḳUlV | |
long, high | *HVgU | |
long, wide | *wVŕV | |
long, wide | *wVŕV | |
loose | *SulV | |
loose(n) | *lVCV | |
louse | *pVN(T)V | |
louse | *ṭäjV | |
louse | *ṭäjV | |
louse, nit | *ñejV | |
love, good | *ʔVjV | |
luminary | *mVnzV | |
luminary | *mVnʒ́V | |
lung, liver | *pVjLV | |
lung, spleen | *pVjLV | |
male | *gVntV | |
male | *gVntV | |
male, male child | *mVḳV | |
man | *ḳaćV ( ~ -ć`-) | |
man | *mänV | |
man | *mänV | |
many | *m[o]nV | |
many | *m[o]nV | |
many | *ṗalV | |
many | *ṗV(H)- | |
many, big | *bVtV | |
many, full | *ṗalV | |
marsh | *[sw]VjmV | |
marsh, uncultivated land | *[sw]VjmV | |
marten | *ḳ[u]nV | |
marten | *ḳ[u]nV | |
meat | *ńVḳV(rV) | |
meat | *sUḳV | |
meat | *ʔomsV | |
meat | *ʔomśV | |
meat, animal | *cVč𝑉čV | |
meat, deer | *sUḳV | |
meat, liver | *mVḳV | |
meat, liver | *mVḳV | |
meat, roe, intestines | *ńVḳV(rV) | |
member of the clan | *ʔarV | |
moisture | *mVtV | |
moisture | *mVtV | |
moon, heavenly body | *ṭVlgV(nV) | |
moon, luminary | *ṭVlgV(nV) | |
morning | *ṗuKdV | |
morning / evening | *HamV | |
morning ~ evening | *SVKV | |
morning, clear sky | *ŋańV | |
moth | *kuńV | |
mother | *ʔVjV | |
mother | *ʔVjV | |
mother | *ʔVmV | |
mother, woman | *ʔVmV | |
mountain | *balV | |
mountain | *malV | |
mountain | *malV | |
mountain | *wVrV | |
mountain | *wVrV | |
mountain, high | *TVGV | |
mountain, hill | *balV | |
mountain, hill | *gʷVrV | |
mountain, hill | *gʷVrV | |
mountain, top | *ṗVrV | |
mountain, top | *ṗVrV | |
mouse | *cVḳV ( ~ *c`-) | |
mouse, squirrel | *CVḳV (*cwVkV ( ~ čw-)) | |
mouse, squirrel | *gʷVĺV | |
mouth | *[s]UwV | |
mouth, hole | *HVwV | |
mouth, hole | *HVwV | |
mouth; eat | *č`VmV | |
mouth; speak | *ʔVpV | |
mouth; to speak | *ʔVpV | |
mud, dung | *ḳorV | |
mud; gum, resin | *ṗoŋV | |
multitude; be satiated | *HVwV | |
mushroom, fungus | *pUtV | |
mushroom, sponge | *pUtV | |
naked, take off clothes | *luku | |
name | *ĺVm(ŋ)V | |
name | *ĺVm(ŋ)V | |
name | *ṗVtV | |
name, call | *ṗVtV | |
name, shape | *šamV | |
nape, back | *[s]VKV | |
nape, back | *śVKV | |
nape; back | *dVgV | |
narrow | *č`VnV | |
narrow | *ṭijV | |
narrow, thin | *č`VnV | |
near | *ʔVbV | |
neck | *ḳVlV | |
neck, collar | *kVŋkV | |
neck, throat | *HVŋV | |
neck, throat | *ḳVlV | |
neck, vertebra | *nVKV | |
negative particle | *ʔVlV | |
negative particle | *ʔVlV | |
negative verb | *ʔe | |
new | *žVjŋV | |
new, fresh | *CVrV | |
new, good | *žVjŋV | |
new, young | *CVrV | |
new, young | *wVlV | |
night | *HUdV | |
night | *kVcwV ( ~ -čw-) | |
night | *lVlV | |
night | *lVlV | |
night, dawn; morning, clear sky | *ŋańV | |
night, sleep | *HUdV | |
night, sleep | *zVNV | |
night, sleep | *ʒ́iNV | |
night, sleep | *ʔamV | |
nit | *ñejV | |
nit, louse | *sajrV | |
nit, louse | *sajrV ( ~ *ś-) | |
nose | *ḳVŋV | |
nose | *ḳVŋV | |
nose | *ne(H)wRV | |
nose | *ŋVkCV | |
nose | *wiKV (*ujKV) | |
nose | *wiKV (*ujKV) | |
nose, nostril | *CVxrV | |
nose, nostril | *cwVxrV | |
not | *ʔVnV | |
not, negative particle | *ʔVnV | |
not, negative verb | *ʔe | |
notch, sign | *gVrVbV | |
now; new | *nVwV | |
now; new | *nVwV | |
numerous, full | *tVrV | |
nut, fruit; nut | *ar- | |
old | *gwVrV | |
old | *gwVrV | |
old | *zVr(d)V | |
one | *sem- | |
one | *ʔUdV | |
one | *ʔUdV | |
one | *ʔVrV | |
one | *ʔVrV | |
one, finger | *dwV(j)ḳV | |
one, finger | *dwV(j)ḳV | |
one, self | *ʔo(ŋ)nV | |
onion, odorous grass | *sUŋV | |
open | *ṗan[c]V | |
open space | *ʔVrHV | |
open space | *ʔVrHV | |
open, hole | *HangV | |
open; hole | *ʔaḳa | |
order, custom | *nerV | |
original place | *ni̯VnV | |
other; other side | *aĺV | |
other | *gUjV | |
other | *gwVjV | |
pain, wound | *mVnḳV | |
painful state, grief | *gilV | |
painful state, grief | *gilV | |
pair, one of a pair | *gagtV | |
palate, tongue | *ŋVnV | |
palate, tongue | *ŋVnV | |
palm *caʷlǝʒǝ- hand, *cälmǝ palm | ||
palm (of hand) *ṗVlŋV | ||
palm of hand, handful *ṗVlŋV | ||
part of face *ńVjlV | ||
part of nose *ŋVk[čw]V | ||
part of nose *t`ā́nV ( ~ -ē-) part of nose | ||
part of shoulder *čVKV | ||
part of shoulder, joint *čVKV | ||
paw, grasp *gEpSV | ||
paw, hand *gEpčwV | ||
peg, nail *ɣoŋɣV | ||
peg, nail *ḳUjḳV peg, nail (also *kikV 'bite', *ḳVkV 'break, peck') | ||
peg, root *ḳUjḳV | ||
penis *bVĺV | ||
penis *bVĺV | ||
penis *ṗacV ( ~ -c`-, -č-) | ||
penis *ṗaćV ( ~ -ć`-, -č-) (also *pVjcV ( ~ -č-)) | ||
people, army *čVbV | ||
place *baja | ||
place *baja | ||
pleasure, satisfaction *ṭVrṗV | ||
plenty, abundant *malV | ||
pond *küɫä | ||
pond *küɫä | ||
pool, low ground *laḳwV | ||
pool, low ground *laḳwV | ||
pot *ṗVdV | ||
pot *ṗVdV | ||
pot *pVNV | ||
pray *mVlV | ||
prohibitive / negative particle *ma | ||
prohibitive particle, not *ma | ||
pus, rot *[č]iru | ||
pus, rot *Ciru | ||
push, move *ńukV | ||
quick *ṭurV | ||
quick *ṭurV | ||
quick, swift *pV[ṭ]V | ||
rain, fog, steam *musV | ||
rain, pour *HVrćV ( ~ -ć`-) (also *rVCV) | ||
rare *HVrV | ||
rare, new *HVrV rare | ||
reed *HVrVlV (*HVlVrV) | ||
relative-in-law *tajV | ||
ring, hook *ḳVCV (also *kVCV) | ||
ring, spool *ḳVč`V | ||
rise *ŋwVkV | ||
rise, stand up *HVgU | ||
rise, up *ʔVpV | ||
rise, up *ʔVpV | ||
road *ʔur(H)V | ||
road *ʔur(H)V | ||
road, walk *mVrV | ||
rod, strap *lVgV | ||
rod, strap *lVgV | ||
roe; inside *t`VrV(ŋV) | ||
root, bone *tV(H)mV | ||
root, bone *tV(H)mV root, bone | ||
root, herb *wVr[t]V | ||
root, herb *wVr[t]V | ||
root, seed > settlement *aHulV | ||
root, sprout *ḲurV | ||
root, stalk *ḲurV | ||
rope, thread *wVŕV ( ~ *HuŕV) | ||
round *ḳoĺV | ||
round *ḳoĺV | ||
round *ṭompV | ||
round, convex *ṭompV | ||
rump, buttocks *kuNṭV | ||
rump, neck *nVKV | ||
run *bok[a] | ||
run *bok[a] | ||
run, drive *ʔurKV | ||
sack, bag *lVmV | ||
salt *CalV | ||
salt, bitter *sVbV | ||
salt, sea *čwalV | ||
salty, sour *č`VmV | ||
salty, sour *cwVwVrV | ||
sand *ki[ǯ]V | ||
sand *kiCV | ||
satisfaction *ṭVrṗV | ||
say *tVHV | ||
say, call *wVḳV | ||
say, sound *čVwV ( ~ *č`-) | ||
say, sound *čVwV ( ~ *č`-) | ||
scab *pVkV | ||
scatter, sift *ś(w)VcwV | ||
scrape, scraper *ḳwVnCV | ||
scrape, scraper *ḳwVncwV | ||
scratch *wVrcwV | ||
scratch, scrape *ḳVSV | ||
scratch, scrape *wVrcwV | ||
sea *jamV | ||
sea, shallow *sVjɣwV | ||
sea, water *jamV | ||
sea, water *sVjɣwV | ||
second person pronoun *χwV | ||
second person pronoun, thou *nV | ||
second person pronoun, thou *si | ||
second person pronoun, thou *ṭ[u] | ||
see, eye *ʔVnjV | ||
seed, kin *ṗVrV | ||
seed, kin *ṗVrV | ||
seed; to sift *sVjHV | ||
seize *HamV | ||
self *ʔo(ŋ)nV | ||
separate, split *bedV | ||
settlement *aHulV | ||
settlement *palVHV | ||
settlement *palVHV | ||
shape *šamV | ||
sharp *Hoḳi | ||
sharp object *CVNV | ||
sharp point, tooth *Hoḳi | ||
sharp stick *c`iĺV | ||
sharp stick *c`iĺV | ||
sharp, to whet *pVxwV | ||
sharp, to whet *pVxwV | ||
shell *kV(n)ḳV | ||
shell, bark *kV(n)ḳV | ||
shin, shank *ḳVnčV | ||
shin, thigh *ḳVnčV | ||
shine, bright *bVrḳV | ||
shine, burn *mVlV | ||
shine, burn (several roots) *belV | ||
shine, glitter *belV | ||
shine, glitter *laṗV | ||
shine, light *bVɣV | ||
shine, light *bVɣV | ||
shine; burn *leuk- | ||
shoulder *tVlV | ||
shoulder, arm *tVlV | ||
shoulder, shoulder-blade *ṗVŋV | ||
shout *rewǝ- shout, roar | ||
show, point at *tVjḳV | ||
sick, ill *ēco ( ~ -ć-, -č-) | ||
side *bVḳV | ||
side (of body) *bVḳV | ||
sinew; root *SirV | ||
sinew; root *SirV | ||
single, first *sVnV ( ~ ś-, š-, ć`-) | ||
single; apart, asunder *sVnV ( ~ š-, c`-) | ||
sister, woman *SäwCV | ||
sister, woman *SäwCV | ||
skin *ḲaĺV | ||
skin *ḲaĺV | ||
skin *perV | ||
skin *perV | ||
skin *ṗVtV | ||
skin *ṗVtV | ||
skin *ṭVlV | ||
skin *ṭVlV | ||
skin, bark *pVkV | ||
skin, crust, peel *kamV | ||
skin, hair *ṭVwq̇V | ||
skin, hair on body *ṭVwq̇V | ||
skin, husk *kamV | ||
skull *ḳapV | ||
sky, cloud *HaḳumV | ||
sky, cloud *HaḳumV | ||
slanting *kVCV | ||
sleep *ʔamV | ||
slide, creep *[ʒ]VlV | ||
slime *SVlV | ||
slime, dirt *SVlV | ||
small *cVḳV | ||
small *CVḳV | ||
small *ḳVṭV | ||
small *ṭijV | ||
small bird *ciṗV | ||
small bird *ciṗV | ||
small female animal *ṗenV | ||
small, thin, short *ṭVnV | ||
small, young *ḳVṭV | ||
small; child *pVwjV | ||
small; child *pVwjV | ||
smear *cwVHmV | ||
smear, fat *mVjrV | ||
smear, fat *mVjrV | ||
smear; fat *ć`ämV | ||
smell *[s]VwHV | ||
smell *ṗunV | ||
smell *sun(g)V | ||
smell *śun(g)V | ||
smell, breathe, smoke *ṗunV | ||
smile *mUc`V ( ~ -s-) | ||
smoke *ǯun[k]V | ||
smoke *ǯun[k]V | ||
smoke, cloud *nVbV | ||
smoke, cloud *nVbV | ||
smooth *gVlV | ||
something sharp *CVNV | ||
snake *nētr- 'snake' | ||
snake *ṗVjmV | ||
snake *ʔanKV | ||
snake *ʔanKV | ||
snake, eel *lVmbV | ||
soft, fragile *lVmV | ||
soft, mild *mVlV | ||
soft, weak *lVjńV | ||
soft, wet *LVṗV | ||
soft, wet *LVṗV | ||
soul, breath *mùsi 'steam, spirit' | ||
sour *CVwVrV | ||
sour, bitter *č`VmV | ||
sour, ferment *sVḳV ( ~ ś-, š-, ć`-) | ||
span *ṭVgV | ||
span *ṭVgV | ||
speak, say, sound *jVnV | ||
speak, sound *jVnV | ||
spin, twist *ṗuNV | ||
spin, twist *ṗuNV | ||
spirit *cwVnV | ||
spit *ṭupV | ||
spit *ṭupV | ||
spit, fang *ḳiwHV | ||
spit, fang *ḳiwHV | ||
spleen *lVṗV | ||
spleen *lVṗV | ||
spleen *tV(H)ʎV | ||
spleen, liver *tV(H)ʎV | ||
split *cVlV | ||
split, tear off *CVlV | ||
spread *ṗVrjV | ||
spread, extend *CVχrV | ||
spread, long *pVdV | ||
spring *PVnV | ||
spring, flow *bira (*bujra) | ||
spring, flow *bira (*bujra) | ||
sprinkle *p`iSV | ||
sprinkle *p`isV | ||
stalk *kanVbV | ||
stalk, peg *kanVbV | ||
stand *čwVrV | ||
star *dVštV | ||
star, luminary *HVzwVrV | ||
star, moon *dV[š]tV | ||
star, shine *HVźVrV | ||
stem, board *ṭVlV | ||
steppe, valley, meadow *ColV | ||
steppe, valley, meadow *ColV | ||
stick *bVč`V | ||
stick *ḳVlV | ||
stick *ḳVlV | ||
stick into, pierce *bedV | ||
stick, pole *bVč`V | ||
stick, tree *ḳUrV | ||
stick, tree *ḳUrV | ||
stomach, intestines *ḳVmV | ||
stone *ḳElV | ||
stone *kiwV | ||
stone *ṭ/aj/lV | ||
stone *ṭ/aj/lV | ||
stone, hill *bVgV ( ~ -ɣ-) | ||
stone, mountain *kiwV | ||
stone, rock *ḳElV | ||
storm *burV ( >> *p-) | ||
storm *burV ( >> *p-) | ||
stream, flow of water *Huwa | ||
stream, flow of water *Huwa | ||
stump *ṭumgV | ||
stump, trunk *ṭumgV | ||
suck *SUṗV | ||
suck *zUkV | ||
suck, swallow *muḳV swallow, gobble | ||
sufficient, complete *eli | ||
sun *si̯aχu (-ɣ-) | ||
sun *si̯aχu (-ɣ-) | ||
sun, day *daŋ 'dawn'; *tianta 'sun' | ||
swamp *laHm[u] | ||
swamp *laHm[u] | ||
sweep *šwxVjṗV | ||
sweet *cwVtu | ||
sweet, tasty *cwVtu | ||
tail *ḳudV | ||
tail *ḳudV | ||
tail *toḳE | ||
tail *toḳE | ||
tail, (long) hair *ṗVńcwV ( ~ -ćw−,−č𝑤-,-čw-, -ǯ-) | ||
tail, back *śVrV back | ||
take *ga | ||
take *ʔanV | ||
take, bring *gerV | ||
take, bring *tVKV | ||
take, carry *ʔVpV | ||
take, get *gVṭV | ||
take, grasp *kantV | ||
take, seize *ʔVpV | ||
taste *ṭVHmV | ||
taste *xamV, *xamŋV; *xamŋV 'mouth' | ||
temple, hair on temple *cVḳV | ||
ten, many *ṗV(H)- | ||
tent *ʔU[ṭ]V | ||
testicle *ḳoĺV | ||
testiculus *ḳoĺV | ||
that, that near *ʔVbV | ||
that, this *ʔa (*ʔe) | ||
that, this *ʔu | ||
that, this *ʔu | ||
that, this *ʔa (*ʔe) (probably *Ha that, *He this) | ||
thick *ṭujV (*ṭVwjV) | ||
thick *ṭVkV | ||
thick, full *ṭVkV | ||
thick, swell *bongä | ||
thick, swell *bongä | ||
thigh *bVgtV | ||
thigh *bVgtV | ||
thigh, leg *ṗVǯkV | ||
thigh, rump *ṗVǯkV | ||
thin *cUṗV | ||
thin *ṭVnV | ||
thin, narrow *ćUṗV | ||
thing *HVdV | ||
thing; interrogative stem *HVdV | ||
third person pronoun *sV | ||
this *cV ( ~ č-) | ||
this *cV ( ~ č-, ć-) | ||
this *ḳV | ||
this *ʔi (*hi) | ||
this *ʔi (*hi) | ||
thorn *ʒwVgV | ||
thorn *ʒ́wVgV | ||
thorny bush *NEḳrV | ||
thou (oblique forms) [second person pronoun] *χwV | ||
thou [second person pronoun] *nV thou | ||
thou [second person pronoun] *ṭ[u] | ||
throat *HVŋV | ||
throat, intestines *kUṭV | ||
throat, swallow *kUlV | ||
throat, to swallow *kUlV | ||
tickle *cVḳV | ||
tie, weave *tVḳV | ||
tip, spout *CVCV | ||
tip, spout *čVčV | ||
to approach, follow *ŋāńi | ||
to ask, pray *ṗVrXV | ||
to ask, pray *ṗVrXV | ||
to bare teeth *mUCV | ||
to be *buHi | ||
to be *woɣlV | ||
to be *woɣlV | ||
to be *ʔa | ||
to be *ʔa | ||
to be *ʔesA | ||
to be *ʔesA | ||
to be angry *kVCV | ||
to be angry, hostile *kVCV | ||
to be completed, exhausted *ṭVkV | ||
to be lost, exhausted *ṭVkV | ||
to be mad, stupid *buḳV | ||
to be visible *HwVlV | ||
to be well *c`olHV | ||
to be well *ColHV | ||
to be, live *ʔelA | ||
to be, live *ʔelA | ||
to bear *š[e]wV | ||
to bear *š[e]wV | ||
to bear *ṭVlV | ||
to bear, lift *ṭVlV | ||
to beat *ṗVṭV | ||
to beat *ṗVṭV | ||
to beat, hit *ḳVwχV | ||
to bend *büḲa | ||
to bend *cVḳV | ||
to bend *Garḳu | ||
to bend *Garḳu | ||
to bend *guḳa | ||
to bend *guḳa | ||
to bend *güpA | ||
to bend *ḳVlV | ||
to bend *ḳVŋV | ||
to bend *ɫoŋḳa | ||
to bend, bow *ɫoŋḳa | ||
to bend, turn *KUrV | ||
to bend; hump, heap *güpA | ||
to bind, girdle *KuTV | ||
to bind, harness *taxlwV | ||
to bite *kikV | ||
to bite, taste *ṭVHmV | ||
to blink, shine, shade *c`ajV | ||
to blink, shine, shade *CajV | ||
to blow *dVwɣV | ||
to blow *p`uSV | ||
to blow *p`uSV | ||
to blow *ṗuɣV | ||
to blow *ṗuɣV | ||
to blow, shake *dVwɣV | ||
to blow, winnow *Hewa | ||
to blow, winnow *Hewa | ||
to boil, foam *ḳüpä | ||
to boil, foam *ḳüpä | ||
to boil, roast *gVbV | ||
to bore, dig *lUŋ(k)V | ||
to bow, bend *cVḳV | ||
to break, crumble *ṗVSV | ||
to break, cut, wound *ʔVrHwV | ||
to break, scatter, tear *ʔVrHwV | ||
to breathe *HwinV | ||
to breathe *ʔanqV | ||
to breathe *ʔanqV | ||
to burn */ḳ/alV | ||
to burn *ć`wVwV (*HVwć'wV) | ||
to burn *cwVwV (*HVwcwV) | ||
to burn *dekO | ||
to burn *dekO | ||
to burn *Hase | ||
to burn *HaSe | ||
to burn *ḳVńV | ||
to burn *ṗVdwV | ||
to burn *ṭülV | ||
to burn, bake *kVwrV | ||
to burn, bake *kVwrV | ||
to burn, boil *ḳVju | ||
to burn, flash *CVlV | ||
to burn, heat *gVbV | ||
to burn, sun *nVjV | ||
to burst, split (many roots) *paḳV | ||
to call *CVḥV | ||
to call *gVjwV | ||
to call *gVjwV | ||
to call *ḳErV | ||
to call *ḳErV | ||
to care *č`VrV | ||
to care *čVrV | ||
to change, borrow *HVrV | ||
to change, distribute *HVrV | ||
to chew *käjwV (-b-) | ||
to collect, count *lVkV | ||
to collect, count *lVkV | ||
to collect, put *ṗanV | ||
to complete *muṭV | ||
to cover *ḳa(j)dV | ||
to cover, protect *ḳVrV | ||
to covet sexually *gʷVnV | ||
to covet sexually *gʷVnV | ||
to cross, other side *aĺV | ||
to crush *pi(u)čV | ||
to crush, press *ṗVjńV | ||
to crush, squeeze *pi(u)CV | ||
to cry *muɣrV | ||
to cry, shout *ḳVwV | ||
to curse, be angry *jVrV | ||
to cut *ɣVcV ( ~ -c`-) | ||
to cut *ɣVčV ( ~ -č`-) | ||
to cut *ḳVć`V | ||
to cut *mVc`V | ||
to cut *ṭanV | ||
to cut, hit, saw *ṗVwV | ||
to cut, hit, saw *ṗVwV | ||
to cut, knife *kVlV | ||
to cut, sharp *CarV | ||
to cut, split *sVḳV | ||
to cut, split *śVḳV | ||
to cut, tear *mVCV | ||
to deceive *tVlV | ||
to die, kill *KolV | ||
to dig, hack *ḳVṗV | ||
to divide, cut in half *palV | ||
to drink *jVgU | ||
to drink, flow *tVrV | ||
to dry *KVmV | ||
to dry *šwVrV | ||
to dry *šwVrV | ||
to dry up, extinguish *sun(d)V ( ~ š-) | ||
to eat *ʒeGV | ||
to eat *ʒeGV | ||
to eat *ʔitV | ||
to eat *ʔitV | ||
to eat, gulp *ḳVmV | ||
to eat, gulp *ḳVmV | ||
to enter, go *ŋēni | ||
to fall *ḳVtV | ||
to fall *ṗeṭV | ||
to fall, (down) *ṗeṭV | ||
to fall, fly *ṗVjlV | ||
to fall, soar *ṗVjlV | ||
to fear, be angry *belHi | ||
to fear, be scared *belHi | ||
to ferment, squeeze juice *zUkV | ||
to fill, stuff *ṭVmV | ||
to finish *ḳUdV | ||
to finish *ḳUdV | ||
to fit, be good *dUgV | ||
to fit, be good *ḳVnV | ||
to flash, shine *CVlV | ||
to flow, drip *CurV / *CorV | ||
to flow, drip *CurV / *CorV | ||
to flow, pour *tUKV | ||
to follow, send, leave *lVjḳV | ||
to follow, send, leave *lVjḳV | ||
to get *gVṭV | ||
to give *be[rH]u | ||
to give *be[rH]u | ||
to give *cwVHV | ||
to give *dwV[H]V | ||
to give *dwV[H]V | ||
to give birth, family *KVmV | ||
to gnaw *kVngV | ||
to go *gVwV / *gwVjV | ||
to go *meŋV | ||
to go, come *ŋēni (also *ŋāńi) | ||
to go, come *ʒ́wVHV | ||
to go, come, drive *ʒwVHV | ||
to go, follow *gVwV / *gwVjV | ||
to go, walk *mVrV | ||
to grasp *HaṗV | ||
to grasp *HaṗV | ||
to grasp *ḳaṗV | ||
to grasp *ḳaṗV | ||
to grasp, seize *[p]itV | ||
to grow *zVr(d)V ( ~ *ʒ-) | ||
to grow, become *buHi | ||
to hang *tajV | ||
to hang down; stand *[s]VŋʒwV | ||
to harm, break *kUŋ[d]V | ||
to hate, be annoyed *CVrV | ||
to hate, be annoyed *ǯVrV | ||
to hear *ḳiwlV | ||
to hide, protect *ḳVrV | ||
to hide, secret *KuĺV | ||
to hit, break *ḳVkV | ||
to hit, push *mVqwV | ||
to hold *gerV | ||
to hold, seize *ʔanV | ||
to howl, cry *wVlV | ||
to howl, cry *wVlV | ||
to join, together *anTV | ||
to join, together *anTV | ||
to jump, run *lVKV | ||
to kindle, dry *ḳVs(w)V | ||
to know *cwVnV | ||
to know *g(w)enV | ||
to know *g(w)enV | ||
to know, consider *CVḥV | ||
to know, think *ćwVnV (also *sVnV) | ||
to know, think *sVnV | ||
to lead *wetV | ||
to lead, to go *wetV (also *dwVwV 'run') | ||
to let, agree *šVwV | ||
to lick *l[a]pV | ||
to lick *talV | ||
to lick, swallow *lVm(ŋ)V | ||
to lick; lip *l[a]pV | ||
to lie *ḳVwjV | ||
to lie, fall down *kVlV | ||
to lie, sleep (also 'fall') *kVlV | ||
to listen, hear *alV | ||
to listen, hear *alV | ||
to live *ḥujV | ||
to live *ḥujV | ||
to look, show *tVjḳV | ||
to lose, hide *KuĺV | ||
to make *wärV | ||
to make *wärV | ||
to marry *KVmV | ||
to match, fit *ḳVnV | ||
to melt, flow *dVnV | ||
to melt, flow *dVnV | ||
to mix, join *kalV | ||
to move *SVlV | ||
to move *SVlV | ||
to move quickly *ńowda | ||
to move quickly, pursue *ńowda | ||
to move, push *mVqwV | ||
to move, step *ćeKV | ||
to open, spread *ṗanCV | ||
to open, spread *ʔaḳa | ||
to peel, naked *luku | ||
to pierce *CoḳV | ||
to pierce *CoḳV (also *čVḳV) | ||
to plait *źVḳV | ||
to plait, something plaited *zVḳV | ||
to plait, weave *HUbV | ||
to plait, weave *HUbV | ||
to plait, weave, rope *rVCV | ||
to plant vertically *tIgwV | ||
to polish, rub *ṗIḳV | ||
to pour *L[ä]jV | ||
to pour *lVHwV | ||
to pour *ṗVHV to pour, drink | ||
to pour, drink *ṗVHV | ||
to pour, drop *tUKV | ||
to pour, stream *ʒwVHlV | ||
to prepare food *piCV | ||
to prepare food *piCV | ||
to press, seize *ńamV | ||
to press, seize *ńamV | ||
to pull *ṭVnV | ||
to pull, stretch *ṭVnV | ||
to push, beat *nVq̇V | ||
to push, beat *nVq̇V | ||
to push, pull *ńukV | ||
to put *dVʕV (*d[i]ɣV) | ||
to put *dVʕV (*d[i]ɣV) | ||
to put *ṗanV | ||
to receive (+ bestow) *HVlV | ||
to rise *kVdwV | ||
to rise *kVdwV to rise | ||
to rise, raise *ḲaLi | ||
to rise, raise *ḲaLi | ||
to rise; move, go *Horä | ||
to roll *HUlV | ||
to roll *HUlV | ||
to roll, twist *murV | ||
to rub, crumble *ṗVšV | ||
to rub, scratch *ṗIḳV | ||
to run *dwVwV | ||
to run *ḳacwV | ||
to run *ṭoKV | ||
to run *ṭoKV | ||
to run *ʔurKV | ||
to run, road *ṭVŕgV | ||
to say *tVHV | ||
to say, call *wVḳV | ||
to say, pray *mVlV | ||
to scatter *s(w)VcwV | ||
to scrape *ḳirV | ||
to scrape *ḳirV; also *gVrV scratch, *gVrVbV notch, sign | ||
to scrape *ḳV[sw]V | ||
to scratch *gVrV | ||
to scratch *xVḳV | ||
to scratch *xVḳV | ||
to see *ʔVwʒwV(HV) | ||
to see, eye *silV | ||
to see, eye *wEdwV | ||
to see, eye *ʔVnjV | ||
to see, guard *HwVjV | ||
to see, guard *HwVjV | ||
to see, inspect *silV | ||
to see, know *šVḳV | ||
to see, know *šVḳV ( ~ *ć`w-) | ||
to see, know, search *wEdwV | ||
to see, perceive *ʔVwCV(HV) (also *ʔincV) | ||
to seize, press *[p]itV | ||
to shake *dVrV | ||
to shine, be visible *nVkV | ||
to shine, glitter, flash *laṗV | ||
to shout, sound *ḳVwV | ||
to sift *sVjHV | ||
to sink *č`VṗV | ||
to sink *č`VṗV | ||
to slide, creep *ʒVlV | ||
to speak *ḥVwV | ||
to speak *ḥVwV | ||
to speak *watV | ||
to speak *watV | ||
to speak, shout *sVjwV | ||
to speak, shout *sVjwV ( ~ *ś-) | ||
to speak, sound *muɣrV | ||
to spin, plait *wVŕV ( ~ *HuŕV) | ||
to spin, wind *KVrV | ||
to split, bore *lUŋ(k)V | ||
to spread *ṗVrjV | ||
to spread, long *pVdV | ||
to spread, strew *CVχrV | ||
to stand *čwVrV | ||
to stand *sVlV | ||
to stand, hang down *sVŋʒ́V | ||
to stand, plant vertically *tIgwV | ||
to stand, rise *ŋwVkV | ||
to stay *menV | ||
to stay, be, stand *nV(w)HV | ||
to stay, reside *menV | ||
to stick in, pierce *NEgV | ||
to stick in, pierce *NEgV | ||
to stir, mix *bulV | ||
to stir, puddle *bulV | ||
to stretch, stand *nV(w)HV | ||
to strike fire *cVḳV ( ~ *č-) | ||
to submerge *kUdV | ||
to suck *[c`w]VṗV | ||
to suck *ʔEmV | ||
to suck *CVrbV | ||
to suck, leech *[c]VrbV | ||
to suffer *C(w)VHrV | ||
to suffer *c`VHrV | ||
to suffer *dVwV | ||
to suffer, die *dVwV | ||
to suffer, die *enV | ||
to suffer; pain *enV | ||
to suffice, be full *cwalV | ||
to swallow *HVṗV | ||
to swallow *L[ü]ḳa | ||
to swallow *L[ü]ḳa | ||
to swallow *lVm(ŋ)V | ||
to swallow *Sem[H]V | ||
to swallow *Sem[H]V | ||
to swallow, drink *tVrV | ||
to swallow, gobble *muḳV | ||
to swallow, throat *balʕ[u] | ||
to swallow, throat *gwVrV | ||
to swallow, throat *gwVrV | ||
to swallow, throat; pipe *balʕ[u] | ||
to sweep *swxVjṗV | ||
to take *bari | ||
to take *bari | ||
to take *kantV | ||
to take care of, honour *ʔVjsV | ||
to take, receive *HVlV | ||
to taste, eat *č`VmV | ||
to taste, sour *xamV | ||
to tear, break, split *p`äŕ[a] | ||
to tear, break, split *p`äŕ[a] | ||
to tear, rip *ḳV[ǯ]V | ||
to think *manu | ||
to think *manu | ||
to think, dream *ʒVm(ŋ)V | ||
to tie, bind *ḳVńV | ||
to tie, bind *ḳVńV | ||
to tie, net *taxlwV | ||
to touch *tVKV | ||
to trace *Koki | ||
to trace *Koki | ||
to tremble *dVrV | ||
to turn round *ṭurV | ||
to turn round *ṭurV | ||
to understand, brain *ʔVŋV | ||
to understand, see *gUrV | ||
to understand, see *gUrV | ||
to urinate *swiḳV ( ~ šw-) | ||
to wake *[š]ehŕa | ||
to wake *źwehŕa | ||
to wake, become clear *ṭVlV | ||
to wake; see > eye *ṭVlV | ||
to walk, go *gVrV | ||
to walk, run *gVrV | ||
to walk, run *meŋV | ||
to wash, soak *lVHwV | ||
to weaken, disappear *mVjV | ||
to weaken, disappear *mVjV | ||
to wear out; weak, exhausted *lVCV | ||
to wear, put on *wVc`V | ||
to weave (a lattice) *rVcV ( ~ -c`-) | ||
to wink, eyelid *c`VmrV | ||
to wish *h/a/wV | ||
to wish *wiʎ/g/V | ||
to wish *wiʎ/g/V | ||
to wish *h/a/wV | ||
to wish, help *ʔVnV(jV) | ||
to wish, let *šVwV | ||
to worry, be stupid *buḳV | ||
to wound, kill *ʔewV | ||
to wound, kill *ʔewV | ||
tongue *tilV(ŋV) | ||
tongue *tilV(ŋV) | ||
tongue, to speak *Ḳä[lH]ä | ||
tongue, to speak *Ḳä[lH]ä | ||
tooth *palV | ||
tooth *palV | ||
tooth, peg *ɣoŋɣV | ||
tooth, sharp edge *ḳVmbV | ||
tooth, sharp edge *ḳVmbV | ||
top *ḳVḳV | ||
top *ḳVḳV | ||
top *mVĺV | ||
top of head *KVmPV | ||
top of head *KVmPV | ||
top of head, hair *TUmV | ||
top of head, hair of head *TUmV | ||
top of head, horn *ḳirV | ||
top, summit *cimu ( ~ č-, č`-) | ||
touch, plaster *ṭaṗV | ||
touch, plaster, attach *ṭaṗV | ||
tramp, step *ceKV | ||
tree *ṗUjV | ||
tree *ṗUjV | ||
tree *widV | ||
tree, wood *dʷirV | ||
tree, wood *dʷirV | ||
twig, branch *c`UlV | ||
twig, rod *šVṭV | ||
twist *murV | ||
twist, weave *tVḳV | ||
two *malV | ||
two *tuʔV ( ~ *tuq̇V) | ||
two *tuʔV ( ~ *tuq̇V) | ||
two / four / eight *NVlV | ||
two, pair *gagtV | ||
two, pair *jVŕV | ||
two, pair *jVŕV | ||
understand, brain *ʔVŋV | ||
ungulate *ʔirV | ||
ungulate *ʔirV | ||
upper part of chest, collarbone *kVŋkV | ||
urine, urinate *swiḳV ( ~ šw-) | ||
valley *gowlV | ||
valley, deep *gowlV | ||
vessel *kala | ||
vessel *kala | ||
vessel *ḳaṗV | ||
vessel *ḳaṗV | ||
vessel *ḳVwKV | ||
village *koṭV | ||
village, house *koṭV | ||
village, hut *ḳojmV | ||
vulva *p`u[ṭ]V | ||
vulva *pVjcV ( ~ -č-) | ||
wake *ṗuKdV | ||
walk, roam, ford *kä[lH]V | ||
walk, roam, ford *kä[lH]V | ||
walk, run, road (several roots, assimilations) *ṭVŕgV | ||
warm *kačV 'warm' | ||
warm *lVmV | ||
warm *ṭ[ä]pV | ||
warm *ṭ[ä]pV | ||
wash *bVnV | ||
wash *mVs(k)V ( ~ -ʒ-) | ||
wash *mVś(k)V ( ~ -ʒ́-) | ||
wash, flow *HVrcV ( ~ -c`-) | ||
water *bVnV | ||
water *wetV | ||
water *wetV | ||
water *ʕEḳu | ||
water *ʕEḳu | ||
water, pour *ʒwVHlV | ||
water, to submerge *kUdV | ||
water, wet *mEwV | ||
water, wet *mEwV | ||
we (pronoun) *wV | ||
we, I [first person pronoun] *wV we | ||
weak *HalV (also *lVjV) | ||
weak *lVjV | ||
weak *ṭVrV | ||
weak, lax *lVjńV | ||
weak, tired *HalV | ||
weak, tired, dead *ŋVwV | ||
weak, young *ṭVrV | ||
wear, dress *wVCV | ||
weary, tired *ēco ( ~ -č-) | ||
wet *(H)wiɫV | ||
wet *(H)wiɫV wet | ||
wet *mäŕä | ||
wet *mäŕä | ||
wet *mVk`V | ||
what, interrogative pronoun *mV | ||
white *swVḳV ( ~ cw−,č𝑤-,čw-) | ||
white, clean *swVḳV ( ~ cw-,čw-) | ||
who *CV | ||
who, what *ḳV | ||
whole *ḳVĺwV | ||
whole, all, combine *ḳVĺwV | ||
whole, full *ćwalV | ||
wide *ṗaṭV | ||
wide, open *ṗaṭV | ||
willow *čwalV | ||
willow *čwalV | ||
wind, to blow *CalV | ||
wing; arm *gara | ||
winter ~ spring *PVnV | ||
winter, cold *gImV | ||
winter, cold *gImV | ||
wish *ʔVnV(jV) | ||
wolf, dog *ḲüjnA | ||
wolf, dog *ḲüjnA | ||
woman *k/u/nV | ||
woman *k/u/nV | ||
woman, female *nVzV ( ~ -ʒ-) | ||
wood *widV | ||
worm *ḲorV | ||
worm *ḲorV | ||
worm *kuńV (if < *kuj-nV) | ||
worm *mVṭV | ||
worm *mVṭV | ||
worm *ṗäri | ||
worm *ṗäri | ||
worm, insect *ḳwVŋV | ||
worm, insect *ŋalmV | ||
year *w[e]ṭV | ||
year *w[e]ṭV | ||
year, old *CVnV | ||
year, old *zVnV | ||
you *si | ||
young *bāla 'child, young' | ||
young animal, plant *ṭVlV | ||
young animal, plant *ṭVlV | ||
young male *majrV | ||
young male *majrV | ||
young man *ḳacV ( ~ -c`-) | ||
young of animals *ḳʷVŕV | ||
young of animals *ḳʷVŕV | ||
young, child *ḲanV | ||
young, child *ḲanV |
Etymologies possibly linked to Afroasiatic
Etymologies possibly linked to Sino-Caucasian
Etymologies possibly linked to Austric
Etymologies possibly linked to Macro-Khoisan
Proto-Atlanto-Mediterranean | Meaning | Proto-Khoisan |
---|---|---|
*dʑoa | ashes | *ʒ́o[a] |
*tshaʔ | cold | *cha- |
*ʢa | deictic stem | *Ha |
*tʼʔu | dew | *ǀu |
*tɬʼʔ[χ]uɦ | dry | *ǀǀXU |
*[ts]uɦ | excrement | *CU |
*[ts]a(ɴ) | fat | *Ca(N) |
*vuɦ | father | *BU |
*tʼʔʁ° | hair | *ǀʁV |
*tɬau | hand | *ƛ[a]u |
*ɳtsʼʔuʔ | kidney | *ɳ!u- |
*gtʼʔa | leaf | *ɡǀa |
*tɬaɴ° | lizard | *ƛaNV |
*pʼʔha | meat | *ʘha |
*ʢaj° | mother | *[H]aj- |
*tɬʼakʼ°ɴ° | shoe | *ƛ̣aḳVNV |
*tsʼ°kʼ° | smoke | *c̣VḳV |
*ʎiʔ | to blow the nose; snot | *ʎi- |
*tɬ°[k]° | to chop | *ƛVKV |
*kxe | to cry, sound | *kxe |
*k°ʔ°ŋ | to know | *kVʔV[ŋ] |
*i[ts]aʔ | to steal | *[i]Ca- |
*tɬʼʔkxa | to wash | *ǀǀkxa |
*tɬʼʔɢoʔ | tortoise | *ǀǀGo- |