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*dVgV back
- gedV back
- gedV back
- sVrV back
- tVbV back
- tVbV back
- ʔarV back
- ʔarV back
- kuNṭV back, rear
- ṗVŋV back, side
- bVHCV bad
- ʔVkV bad
- ʔVkV bad
- darV bad, dirty
- darV bad, dirty
- bVHCV bad, evil
- sogwV ( ~ š-) bad, harm
- ḳerV bark
- ḳerV bark
- ḲopV bark
- ḲopV bark
- ḳuLV bark
- ḳVrṗV bark
- ṭUgV ( ~ -H-) bark, cover
- ḳuLV bark, peel
- ḳVrṗV bark, skin
- ḳocV basket
- ḳoćV basket
- kwVrV (~ gw) be angry
- kwVrV (~ gw) be angry
- HVŕV be destroyed, fall apart
- ḳOṗV be full
- ḳOṗV be full, complete
- lVχV be ill
- lVχV be ill
- HVwV be satiated (?)
- gVlV be smooth
- nVkV be visible, see
- biχV beat
- biχV beat
- ṭoḳV beat
- ṭoḳV beat
- buṭV beat, break
- SUTV (?) beat, hit
- SUTV (?) beat, hit
- ṭapħa beat, hit
- ṭapħa beat, hit
- ṗVrV bee
- ṗVrV bee, insect
- [šw]VtV behind, buttock
- SVtV behind, buttock
- wa[n]čV belly
- wa[n]ʒ́wV belly
- gwVlV belly, entrails
- kuŋV belly, heart
- kuŋV belly, heart
- gUtV / *kUtV belly, intestines
- gUtV / *kUtV belly, intestines
- gwVlV belly, liver
- Ḳarbi belly, stomach
- Ḳarbi belly, stomach
- HalV below
- HalV below
- ḳVlV ? bend
- ḳVŋV bend
- ṭoŋV bend
- mVrV berry
- mVkV big
- t`VwjV ? big
- wol[a] big
- wol[a] big
- ḳUlV big fish
- ḳUlV big fish
- dVnwV big tree
- dVnwV big tree
- tVdV big, full
- pVKV big, heavy
- mVkV big, large
- č`oḳV ( ~ -q̇-) big, thick
- č`oḳV ( ~ -q̇-) big, thick
- tVdV big, thick
- ʔVnV big, very
- ʔVnV big, very
- bišV ( ~ -č`-) bile
- KuTV bind
- KVrV bind
- kojw[a] birch
- [č`w]VHḳV bird
- HVwjV bird
- HVwjV bird
- ṗVńcwV ( ~ -c`w-) bird's tail
- käjwV (?-b-) bite, chew ?
- ḳVCV bite, tear
- CVnCV biting insect
- gVcwV(~-čw- ) bitter
- sVbV bitter
- bišV ( ~ -č`-) bitter, gall ?
- gVcwV(~−č𝑤𝑉(~-čw- ) bitter, sour
- ḳarV black
- ḳarV black
- ʔVbV ? black
- ʔVbV ? black
- ḳUmV black, dark
- ḳUmV black, dark
- mVCHV black, dark
Drav. *nal- 'black' black, dark
- sVrV black, night
- ṭVrV / *ṭVṭVrV black-cock
- ʔVlV blade, awl
- ʔVlV blade, whetstone
- HVlVḳV blister, abscess
- HVlVḳV blister, wound
- bUjlV ? blood
- bUjlV blood? blood
- ḳVnV blood blood
- wirV blood
- ʔVsxV blood
- ḳVnV blood, blood vessel
- HwinV blood, breath
- ʔVsxV blood, breath
- ḳurV blood, red
- ḳurV blood, red blood, red
- cwVnV spirit; blood blood, spirit
- mVLV blood; marrow
- wirV blood; red
- swVNV blue
- swVNV blue
- ṭVlV board, stick
- bVdV body
- bVdV body, belly
- borV, *buŕa boil
- borV, *buŕa boil
- ḳVju boil, burn
- girV bone
- girV bone
- HV(w)[č`]V bone
- HV(w)čV bone
- ḳač`V bone
- ḳaCV bone
- ʒ́VmV ? (cf. also *c`iŋu) bone
- ṗVjNV bone, tooth
- ṗVjNV bone, tooth
- ʔVṗV bosom
- ʔVṗV bosom
? FU *luwV (*luɣV) 'horse' bovine ?
- büḲa bow
- ṭoŋV bow, arc
- tajV bow, lean
- mVŋV brain
- mVŋV brain
- wVṭV(mV) brain, head
- wVṭV(mV) brain, marrow; head
- rVṭV branch
- rVṭV branch, rod
- HelV branch, stick
- šVṭV ? branch, twig, rod
- cVṗV break, chop
- buṭV break, split
- [c]V(n)ʒwV breast
- ḳerdV breast
- ṗome breast
- ʔudV breast, belly
- mälgi breast, udder
- mälgi breast, udder
- sVwHV breath, smell
- bVrḳV bright
- ʔVǯV bright
- ʔVǯV bright
- boŕa brown
- boŕa brown
- KVŋV brown, dark
- KVŋV ? brown, yellow
- ŋalmV bug, flea
- dwVmV build, house
"Alt. "*mūga 'bonfire' burn
- ṗaĺV burn
- ṗaĺV burn
- ṗVrV burn
- wVrV burn
- wVrV burn
- buKV burn, bake
Alt. *t`èmo ( ~ t-) burn, kindle burn, boil
- qoṭi burn, fire
- qoṭi burn, fire
- t`ülV burn, fire
- gUrV burn, hot coals
- gUrV burn, hot coals
- buKV burn, roast
- ḳVńV burn, roast, dry
- Cajŋa ? burn, shine
- ʒajŋa ? burn, shine
- paḳV burst
- ṗVrṗVlV butterfly
- ṗVrṗVlV butterfly
- ṗVrV buy, sell
- ṗVrV ( ~ p-) calf
- ṗVrV ( ~ p-) calf, bull
- morV cattle; horse
- ḳVjwV cave, hole
- ḳVjwV cave, hole
- ṗVlV cheek ?
- bUrV chest, belly
- bUrV chest, belly
- mVḳV child
- berV child, to bear
- berV child, to bear
- kenV chin
- kenV (cf. also *kVngV) chin
Alt. *čò k𝑜̀𝑘e ( ~ -i̯u-) 'cheek bone' chin, beard
- kVṗV chin, jaw
- cVṗV chop
- ḳUṭV (cf. also *ḳVtV) chopped piece, to cut
- ʔarV clan member
- pVnV clay, mud
- pVnV clay, mud
- ḳa(j)dV clothing
- bVl(w)V cloud
- bVl(w)V cloud
- CuxLV coals, burn
- CuxLV coals, soot, burn
- [z]VrV cold
- KurV cold
- KurV cold
- SVŋV cold
- ʒ́VrV cold
- SVŋV cold, frost
- Horä come, go; rise
- pVnč`wV (?) coniferous tree
- pVnč`wV (?) coniferous tree, resin
- ḳVnVṭV corner, enclosure ?
- ḳVnVṭV corner, wall
- dwVrV court, enclosure
- ṭUgV ( ~ -H-) cover
- ḳaṗV cover, close
- ḳaṗV cover, close
- kar-/*ker- crane
- kar-/*ker- crane
- c`VrV crust
- ḳUrV curved, bent
- čVḳV ( ~ *č`-) cut
- ḳUṭV cut
- ḳVc`V cut
- kVlV ? cut
- CarV cut, sharp
- HamV dark
- rVmV dark
- rVmV dark
- sVmV dark
- ṭVmV dark
- ṭVmV dark
- muṭV dark dark, black
- mVCHV dark, black
- sVmV dark dark, black
- muṭV dark, cloudy
- kVcwV ( ~ -čw-) darkness, night
- gojńV dawn
- gojńV dawn, light
- lVwŋV dawn, light
- lVwŋV dawn, noon
- dʷVjɣV day, shine
- dʷVjɣV day, shine
- ŋera day, sun, light
- ŋVwV decease
- mVnV deer
- ʔelV deer
- ʔelV deer
- ʔoru deer, antilope
- pOgV deer, he-goat
- mV demonstr. pronoun
- mV demonstr. pronoun
- ṭV demonstr. pronoun
- ṭV demonstr. pronoun
- ḳV demonstrative pronoun
- sV demonstrative pronoun
- rVCV dew, liquid
- muṭV die, finish
- HwelV die, starve
PIE *nek'- die; kill
- ḳVṗV dig, hack
- gwVCV direction, road
- gwVCV direction, road, pass
- böḳa dirt
- c`VrV dirt
- c`VrV dirt
- kodV dirt
- kodV ? dirt
- lVḳwV dirt
- magV dirt, earth ?
- [ʒ]VḳV dirt, faeces
- SVḳV dirt, faeces
- KUCV ? dog
- ḳVpV ? dog
- ḳVpV ? dog
- ŋindV dog
- ŋindV dog
- ŋVḳV dog
- bVrV dog, wolf
- KUCV [?] dog, wolf
- ŋVḳV dog, wolf
- CVm(ŋ)V dream
- jVgU drink
- CUtV drink, liquid
- ʔEmV drink, swallow
- HVṗV drink, water
- gwVlV dry
- ḳVjwV(rV) dry
- ḳVjwV(rV) dry
- kVkV dry
- kVk𝑉𝑘V dry
- KVmV dry
- ḳVs(w)V dry
- sušV dry
- śušV dry dry
- gwVlV (cf. also */ḳ/alV) dry, burn
- ḳorV dung, mud
- bur(H)V dust
- bur(H)V dust
- ṭVṭV dust, ashes
- ṭVṭV dust, ashes, smoke
- böḳa dust, dirt
- gülV dwelling
- gülV dwelling
- KVrWV ear
- KVrWV ear
- ʔVCV early
- ʔVrV early
- ʔVrV early
- ʔVcwV early, dawn
- DVG- earth
- DVG- earth
- magV earth
- ṭVŕV earth, dust
- ṭVŕV earth, dust
- UNV eat
Drav. tin- 'eat' eat
- UNV eat, drink
- cimu ( ~ ć-, č-, č`-) top, summit edge
- Hońća edge
- HońcV edge
- mVcV ( ~ -c`-) edge
- ṗerV edge
- PVlV edge
- PVlV (but cf. also *ṗVlV) edge
- mVcV ( ~ -c`-) edge, side
- ṗerV edge, side
- ṭUĺV egg
- ṭUĺV egg
- c`VjḳV elbow, forearm
- küjnV elbow, knee
- ʔaḳV elder brother or sister
- eńV elder brother/sister
- ʔVṭV (cf. also *tajV) elder male relative, father
- ʔaḳV elder relative
- ʔVṭV elder relative
- ʔilVmV elm
- gErV enclosure
- gVrdV enclosure
- gVrdV enclosure
- wVč`V ( ~ -ǯ-) enclosure
- dwVrV enclosure, yard
- gErV enclosure, yard
- [s]UwV end; mouth
- ḳarV enemy
- ḳarV enemy
- SVKV evening
- sVrV evening
- ʒwVṗV evening
- ʒwVṗV evening, sleep
- sun(d)V ( ~ ś-, š-) extinguish extinguish
- HuḲa eye, see
- HuḲa eye, see
- HwVlV eye, see
- SVmrV eyebrow (> eyelid); hair of head
- mVŋV face
- kVṗV face, chin
- pVNV face, forehead
- mVĺV face, head
- mVṭV face, head
- pVNV ? face, head
- mVŋV face, nose, mouth
- mVṭV face, skin on head
- ḳVtV fall
- HewV fall, descend
- HewV(jV) fall, descend, disappear
- ḳUlV far; next
- PV[s]V fart
- PVSV fart
- gwVjV fat
- gwVjV fat
- sebV ( ~ ś-, š-) fat, intestines
- aṗV father
- aṗV father
- ṗVĺV feather
- ṗVĺV feather, tail
- nVzV ( ~ -ʒ-) female
- ṗenV female
- mVṭV female genitalia
- mVṭV female genitalia
- kälU female in-law
- kälU female in-law
- eńV female relative
- mVjNV female relative
- mVjNV female relative
- natV female relative
- natV female relative
- wVč`V ( ~ -ǯ-) fence, enclosure
- HwelV fight, kill
- pVrV finger
- č`wVṗV finger, claw
- č`wVṗV finger, claw
- pVrV finger, fingernail
- ḳVrV finger, toe
- CVCxV fire
- dʷVɣV fire
- dʷVɣV fire
- ṗVxwV fire
- ṗVxwV fire
- zVcwxV fire
- HenkV fire, burn
- HenkV fire, burn
- nVjV fire, burn
- ŋera fire, burn
- ṗVrV fire, burn
- ʔumV ? fire, burn
- ʔumV ? fire, burn
- cVḳV ( ~ *č-) fire, to strike fire
- lVmV fire, warmth
- č`VHmV fish
- dVgV fish
- dVgV fish
- mVǯHV fist
- ṗVnḳV fist, handle
- kompV fist, wrist
- mVǯHV fist; ? squeeze with a fist, crumple
- lVṗV flat
- lVṗV flat
- ṭaPV flat
- ṭaPV flat
- ṗVlHV flat, level
- ṗVlHV flat, level
- ṭalV flat, plain
- pur_cwV(GV) / *pülcwV(GV) flea
- pur_cwV(GV) / *pülcwV(GV) flea
- SVĺV flesh, fat flesh, blood
- c`ebV flesh, fat
- swVĺV flesh, fat
- ńVjrV flow
- ńVjrV flow
- bVlV flow, gush
- bVlV flow, gush
- ṗarV fly
- ṗarV fly
- ṗVlV fly, flea
- ṗVlV fly, midge
- musV fog
- HVlV food
- HVlV food, eat
- tVlV foolish, deceive
- bVl(m)V foot, knee
- ṗVHdV foot, sole
- ḳVrV foot, toe
- ni̯VnV forest, wilderness
- NVlV four
- [čw]VlɣV fox
- [čw]VlɣV fox, weasel
- lVmV fragile
- sVŋV fringe, thread
- śVŋV ( ~ *ć`-) fringe, thread
- gwVrV frog
- gwVrV frog
- HalV front
- HanṭV front
- HanṭV front
- ʔedV front, breast front
- mVńV front, breast
- mVńV front, breast
- ʔedV front, breast
- newRV front, nose
- HalV front, outside
- pič`V frost, cold
- čVgV frozen snow
- čVgV frozen snow
- bVrq̇wV fruit
- bVrq̇wV fruit
- HVp`V ? full
- HVPVTV full
- malV full
- ṭVngV full
- ṭVngV full
- tVrV full
- wV(n)CV full, all
- wV(n)CV full, all
- ṭVmV full, fill
- HarV furrow
- HarV furrow, hoe
- ṗVrV buy, assemble gather, assemble
- ḳUṭV genitalia
- ḳUṭV genitalia
- malV get in pairs, pair > two
- ga get, obtain
- ajṭV ~ *amṭV? gift, allotment
- ajṭV ~ *amṭV? gift, allotment
- ćwVHV give
- gi[ɫ]ħu glittering
- gi[ɫ]ħu glittering
- [c]VbV glue
- ćabV glue, join
- HVŕV go astray, fall apart
- HVjV go, come
- HVjV go, follow
- ṭVkV (*dwVḳV) goat
- ʔoru goat, deer
- pOgV goat, ram, deer
- mVlV good
- näḳi good
- näḳi good (of soul)
- bVtV ? good, big
- dUgV good, fit
- wVlV good, new
- ʔVjV good, proper
- ʔVjsV good, take care ?
- ĺVkĺVkV goose
- SVrV grain
- SVrV grain
- kamV grasp
- kamV grasp
- HamV grasp, seize, press
- kuCu grass
- ćVmV grass, reed
- c`UlV grass, twigs
- kuč`u grass, vegetables
- c'VjrV grey
- c'VjrV grey
- ṗoŋV gum, resin, mud
- ńVjlV part of face, gums gums
- oŕV guts, inside
- ṭanV hack
- cVḳV hair
- k`VSV hair
- ńä[w(ŋ)]a [cf. *ŋVjV] hair
- ńä[w(ŋ)]a [cf. *ŋVjV] hair
- nVwrV hair
- nVwrV hair
- ŋVjV hair
- p`un(́)V hair
- p`un(́)V hair
- pUdV hair
- sVHrV hair
- sVHrV hair
- ṭVrV hair
- ṭVrV hair
- k`VSV hair ?
- Ḳila hair, beard
- burV hair, eyebrow
- pUdV (? *HapUdV) hair, feather
- burV hair, hair of head
- q̇irV hair, head
- ŋVjV hair, rope
- Ḳila hair, stalk
- sVPV hair, tail
- palV half, part
- mVńV ( / *mVń-rV?) hand
- mVńV ( / *mVń-rV?) hand
- kompV hand(ful)
- bVgu hand, arm
- udV hand, arm
- ŋVlV ? hand, bone
- ŋVlV ? hand, elbow
- ṗVnḳV hand, fist
- udV hand, limb
- ḳVmV ? hard
- ḳVmV ? hard, bone
- pVKV hard, firm
- sogwV ( ~ š-) harm, deceive
- c`VrV harsh, ragged
- q̇irV head
- ḳapV head, back of head
- sVmV hear
- SVmV hear
- ḳiwlV hear, ear
NY *me- 'hear; ear' hear, ear
- sVʎV(mV) heart
- śVʎV(mV) heart
- ḳerdV heart, breast
- [H]indV heat
- mVnḳV heavy, labour
- cVčV herd
- berg[i] high
- berg[i] high
- TVGV high
- tujpV hill
- bVgV ( ~ -ɣ-) hill, rock
- tujpV hill, top
- wVdV hit
- wVdV hit
- HangV (cf. also *wonkV) hole
- k`VCV hole
- ḳUrV hole
- wonkV hole
- ḳVwVŋV hole, cavity
- gop`a hole, empty
- gop`a hole, empty
- k`VCV hole, mouth
- p`u[ṭ]V hole, vulva
- HVlwV hollow
- HVlwV hollow, cavity
- ḳäṗV hoof
- ḳäṗV hoof
- sUdV hoof
- ṭUṗV hoof
- ṭUṗV hoof hoof, finger(nail)
- c`UdV hoof, hoof deformation
- ḳirV horn
- mVrgV horn
- mVrgV horn; root
- bVrV horned animal
- bVrV horned animal
- ṗäḳV hot, warm
- pVrV house
- ʔU[ṭ]V house
- ḳojmV village, hut house, village
- mVk`V humid, wet
- ʔVkV (*ʔVgV) I, myself
- ʔVkV (*ʔVgV) I, myself; we [1st p. pronoun]
- mV I, we [1st p. pronoun]
- jVkV ice, cold
- jVkV ice, cold
- m[ä]rV ill, die
- m[ä]rV ill, die
- tVkV insect, vermine
- tVkV insect, vermine
- ḳwVŋV insect, worm
- lVŋV insect, worm
- ʔudV inside, stomach
- ŋiV interrog. or relat. pronoun
- ŋiV interrog. or relative pronoun
- ḳV interrogative pronoun
- mV interrogative pronoun
- [c']VlV intestine
- ć'VlV intestine
- ḳUʒwV intestine
- ḳUʒ́wV intestines
- ḳVmV stomach, intestines ? intestines
- lVŋ(d)V intestines
- oŕV intestines
- ʔVŋV jaw, palate
- ʔVŋV jaw, palate
- bVgu joint, limb
- bVjV joy
- bVjV joy, desire
- sVḳV ( ~ š-) juice, ferment
- lVKV jump, run
- lVŋ(d)V kidney, heart
- KolV kill
- ḳVwχV kill
- bVl(m)V knee
- sVnV knee, ankle
- kUŋ[d]V knife, cut, break
- ṭanV know
- ṭanV (?*-ŋ-) know know, hear
- nerV know, name
- lVmbV large fish
- zīwe(ŋkV) large predator
- zīwe(ŋkV) large predator
- sUrV large, heavy
- sUrV large, heavy
- gUlV laugh
- gUlV laugh, merry
- bolV leaf
- bolV leaf
- lVṗV leaf
- ṗVlV leaf tree
- ṗVlV leaf tree
- lVṗV leaf, bark
- HelV leaf, branch
Alt. *pòŋa ( ~ *p`-) 'bud' leaf, flower
- HVrVlV (*HVlVrV) leaf; reed?
- ɫaḳV leg
- ɫaḳV leg
- ḳVwlV leg, arm
- ḳVwlV leg, limb
- ṭalV level ground
- laḳV lick
- laḳV lick
- lašV ? lick
- lašV ? lick
- talV lick, drink
- ḳVwjV lie
- Howri light, burn
- Howri light, burn
- SulV light, loose
- HVlV light, shine
- HVlV light, shine
- jVḳV light, shine
- jVḳV light, shine
- mVlV light, shine
- ṗVHdV limb
- kanpV lip, soft excrescence
- kanpV lip, soft excrescence
- GurV liquid
- GurV liquid
- lVṭV liquid
- lVṭV liquid
- sVwV liquid
- śVwV liquid
- lVḳwV liquid, dirt
- L[ä]jV liquid, flow
Alt. *pi̯ā̀ki liver liver
CK *ponta " liver
- tVrV(ŋV) liver, belly
- mVLV blood, marrow? liver, intestines
- mVxlV ( ~ *mVlxV) lizard, slug
- mVxlV ( ~ *mVlxV) lizard, worm
- zVmV loins, groin
- tel(ḥ)V long
- tel(ḥ)V long
- śVnV long bone
- [s]VPV long hair, tail
- ḳUlV long, far
- HVgU long, high
- wVŕV long, wide
- wVŕV long, wide
- SulV loose
- lVCV loose(n)
- pVN(T)V ? louse
- ṭäjV louse
- ṭäjV louse
- ñejV louse, nit
- ʔVjV love, good
- mVnzV luminary
- mVnʒ́V luminary
- pVjLV lung, liver
- pVjLV lung, spleen
- gVntV male
- gVntV male
- mVḳV male, male child
- ḳaćV ( ~ -ć`-) man
- mänV man
- mänV man
- m[o]nV many
- m[o]nV many
- ṗalV many
- ṗV(H)- ? many
- bVtV ? many, big
- ṗalV many, full
- [sw]VjmV marsh
- [sw]VjmV marsh, uncultivated land
- ḳ[u]nV marten
- ḳ[u]nV marten
- ńVḳV(rV) meat
- sUḳV meat
- ʔomsV meat
- ʔomśV meat
- cVč𝑉čV meat, animal
- sUḳV meat, deer
- mVḳV meat, liver
- mVḳV meat, liver
- ńVḳV(rV) meat, roe, intestines
- ʔarV member of the clan
- mVtV moisture
- mVtV moisture
- ṭVlgV(nV) moon, heavenly body
- ṭVlgV(nV) moon, luminary
- ṗuKdV (?) morning
- HamV morning / evening
- SVKV morning ~ evening
- ŋańV morning, clear sky
- kuńV ? moth
- ʔVjV ? mother
- ʔVjV ? mother
- ʔVmV mother
- ʔVmV mother, woman
- balV mountain
- malV mountain
- malV mountain
- wVrV mountain
- wVrV mountain
- TVGV mountain, high
- balV mountain, hill
- gʷVrV mountain, hill
- gʷVrV mountain, hill
- ṗVrV mountain, top
- ṗVrV mountain, top
- cVḳV ( ~ *c`-) mouse
- CVḳV (cf. also *cwVkV ( ~ čw-)) mouse, squirrel
- gʷVĺV mouse, squirrel
- [s]UwV mouth
- HVwV mouth, hole
- HVwV mouth, hole
- č`VmV ? mouth; eat
- ʔVpV mouth; speak
- ʔVpV mouth; to speak
- ḳorV mud, dung
- ṗoŋV mud; gum, resin
- HVwV multitude; be satiated
- pUtV mushroom, fungus
- pUtV mushroom, sponge
- luku naked, take off clothes
- ĺVm(ŋ)V name
- ĺVm(ŋ)V name
- ṗVtV name
- ṗVtV name, call
- šamV name, shape
- [s]VKV nape, back
- śVKV nape, back
- dVgV nape; back
- č`VnV narrow
- ṭijV narrow
- č`VnV narrow, thin
- ʔVbV near
- ḳVlV neck
- kVŋkV neck, collar
- HVŋV neck, throat
- ḳVlV neck, throat
- nVKV neck, vertebra
- ʔVlV negative particle
- ʔVlV negative particle
- ʔe negative verb
- žVjŋV new
- CVrV new, fresh
- žVjŋV new, good
- CVrV new, young
- wVlV new, young
- HUdV night
- kVcwV ( ~ -čw-) night
- lVlV night
- lVlV night
? *ŋańV 'morning, clear sky' night, dawn
- HUdV night, sleep
- zVNV night, sleep
- ʒ́iNV night, sleep
- ʔamV night, sleep
- ñejV nit
- sajrV nit, louse
- sajrV ( ~ *ś-) nit, louse
- ḳVŋV nose
- ḳVŋV nose
- ne(H)wRV nose
- ŋVkCV nose
- wiKV (?*ujKV) nose
- wiKV (?*ujKV) nose
- CVxrV nose, nostril
- cwVxrV nose, nostril
- ʔVnV not
- ʔVnV not, negative particle
- ʔe not, negative verb
- gVrVbV notch, sign
- nVwV now; new
- nVwV now; new
- tVrV numerous, full
(cf. PIE *ar- 'nut') nut, fruit
- gwVrV old
- gwVrV old
- zVr(d)V old
- ʔUdV one
- ʔUdV one
- ʔVrV one
- ʔVrV one
PIE *sem- one
- dwV(j)ḳV one, finger
- dwV(j)ḳV one, finger (?)
- ʔo(ŋ)nV one, self
- sUŋV onion, odorous grass
- ṗan[c]V open
- ʔVrHV open space
- ʔVrHV open space
- HangV open, hole
- ʔaḳa open; hole
- nerV order, custom
- ni̯VnV original place
- aĺV other side other
- gUjV other
- gwVjV other
- mVnḳV pain, wound
- gilV painful state, grief
- gilV painful state, grief
- gagtV pair, one of a pair
- ŋVnV palate, tongue
- ŋVnV palate, tongue
Yuk. *caʷlǝʒǝ- hand, Nivgh. *cälmǝ palm palm
- ṗVlŋV palm (of hand)
- ṗVlŋV palm of hand, handful
- ńVjlV part of face
- ŋVk[čw]V part of nose
Alt. *t`ā́nV ( ~ -ē-) (?) part of nose part of nose
- čVKV part of shoulder
- čVKV part of shoulder, joint
- gEpSV paw, grasp
- gEpčwV paw, hand
- ɣoŋɣV peg, nail
- ḳUjḳV peg, nail (cf. also *kikV 'bite', *ḳVkV 'break, peck') peg, nail
- ḳUjḳV peg, root
- bVĺV penis
- bVĺV penis
- ṗacV ( ~ -c`-, -č-) penis
- ṗaćV ( ~ -ć`-, -č-) (cf. also *pVjcV ( ~ -č-)) penis
- čVbV people, army
- baja place
- baja place
- ṭVrṗV pleasure, satisfaction
- malV plenty, abundant
- küɫä pond
- küɫä pond
- laḳwV pool, low ground
- laḳwV pool, low ground
- ṗVdV pot
- ṗVdV pot
- pVNV pot
- mVlV pray
- ma prohibitive / negative particle
- ma prohibitive particle, not
- [č]iru pus, rot
- Ciru pus, rot
- ńukV push, move
- ṭurV quick
- ṭurV quick
- pV[ṭ]V quick, swift
- musV ? rain, fog, steam
- HVrćV ( ~ -ć`-) (cf. also *rVCV) rain, pour
- HVrV rare
- HVrV rare rare, new
- HVrVlV (*HVlVrV) reed
- tajV relative-in-law
- ḳVCV (also *kVCV) ring, hook
- ḳVč`V ring, spool
- ŋwVkV rise
- HVgU rise, stand up
- ʔVpV rise, up
- ʔVpV rise, up
- ʔur(H)V road
- ʔur(H)V road
- mVrV road, walk
- lVgV ? rod, strap
- lVgV ? rod, strap
- t`VrV(ŋV) roe; inside
- tV(H)mV root, bone (?)
- tV(H)mV root, bone (?) root, bone (??)
- wVr[t]V root, herb
- wVr[t]V root, herb
- ḲurV root, sprout
- ḲurV root, stalk
- wVŕV ( ~ *HuŕV) rope, thread
- ḳoĺV round
- ḳoĺV round
- ṭompV round
- ṭompV ? round, convex
- kuNṭV rump, buttocks
- nVKV rump, neck
- bok[a] run
- bok[a] run
- ʔurKV run, drive
- lVmV sack, bag
- CalV salt
- sVbV salt, bitter
- čwalV salt, sea
- č`VmV salty, sour
- cwVwVrV salty, sour
- ki[ǯ]V sand
- kiCV sand
- ṭVrṗV satisfaction
- tVHV say
- wVḳV say, call
- čVwV ( ~ *č`-) say, sound
- čVwV ( ~ *č`-) say, sound
- pVkV scab
- ś(w)VcwV scatter, sift
- ḳwVnCV scrape, scraper
- ḳwVncwV scrape, scraper
- wVrcwV scratch
- ḳVSV scratch, scrape
- wVrcwV scratch, scrape
- jamV sea
- sVjɣwV sea, shallow
- jamV sea, water
- sVjɣwV sea, water
- ʔVnjV see, eye
- ṗVrV seed, kin
- ṗVrV seed, kin
- sVjHV seed; to sift
- HamV seize
- ʔo(ŋ)nV self
- bedV separate, split
- aHulV settlement
- palVHV settlement
- palVHV settlement
- aHulV settlement ( < *root, seed?)
- šamV shape
- Hoḳi sharp
- CVNV sharp object
- Hoḳi sharp point, tooth
- c`iĺV sharp stick
- c`iĺV sharp stick
- pVxwV sharp, to whet
- pVxwV sharp, to whet
- kV(n)ḳV shell
- kV(n)ḳV shell, bark
- ḳVnčV shin, shank
- ḳVnčV shin, thigh
- bVrḳV shine, bright
- mVlV shine, burn
- belV shine, burn (several roots?)
- belV shine, glitter
- laṗV shine, glitter
- bVɣV shine, light
- bVɣV shine, light
IE *leuk- ? shine; burn
- tVlV shoulder
- tVlV shoulder, arm
- ṗVŋV shoulder, shoulder-blade
IE *rewǝ- shout, roar shout
- tVjḳV show, point at
- ēco ( ~ -ć-, -č-) sick, ill
- bVḳV side
- bVḳV side (of body)
- SirV sinew; root
- SirV sinew; root
- sVnV ( ~ ś-, š-, ć`-) single, first
- sVnV ( ~ š-, c`-) single; apart, asunder
- SäwCV sister, woman?
- SäwCV sister, woman?
- ḲaĺV skin
- ḲaĺV skin
- perV skin
- perV skin
- ṗVtV skin
- ṗVtV skin
- ṭVlV skin
- ṭVlV skin
- pVkV skin, bark
- kamV skin, crust, peel
- ṭVwq̇V skin, hair
- ṭVwq̇V skin, hair on body
- kamV skin, husk
- ḳapV skull
- HaḳumV sky, cloud
- HaḳumV sky, cloud
- kVCV slanting
- ʔamV sleep
- [ʒ]VlV slide, creep
- SVlV slime
- SVlV slime, dirt
- cVḳV small
- CVḳV small
- ḳVṭV small
- ṭijV small
- ciṗV small bird
- ciṗV small bird
- ṗenV small female animal
- ṭVnV small, thin, short
- ḳVṭV small, young
- pVwjV small. child
- pVwjV small. child
- cwVHmV smear
- mVjrV smear, fat
- mVjrV smear, fat
- ć`ämV smear; fat
- [s]VwHV smell
- ṗunV smell
- sun(g)V smell
- śun(g)V smell
- ṗunV smell, breathe, smoke
- mUc`V ( ~ -s-) smile
- ǯun[k]V smoke
- ǯun[k]V smoke
- nVbV smoke, cloud
- nVbV smoke, cloud
- gVlV smooth
- CVNV smth. sharp
- ṗVjmV snake
- ʔanKV snake
- ʔanKV snake
IE *nētr- 'snake' snake
- lVmbV snake, eel
- lVmV soft, fragile
- mVlV soft, mild
- lVjńV soft, weak
- LVṗV soft, wet
- LVṗV soft, wet
Alt. *mùsi 'steam, spirit' soul, breath
- CVwVrV sour
- č`VmV sour, bitter
- sVḳV ( ~ ś-, š-, ć`-) sour, ferment
- ṭVgV span
- ṭVgV span
- jVnV speak, say, sound
- jVnV speak, sound
- ṗuNV spin, twist
- ṗuNV spin, twist
- cwVnV spirit
- ṭupV spit
- ṭupV spit
- ḳiwHV spit, fang
- ḳiwHV spit, fang
- lVṗV ? spleen
- lVṗV ? spleen
- tV(H)ʎV spleen
- tV(H)ʎV spleen, liver
- cVlV split
- CVlV split, tear off
- ṗVrjV spread
- CVχrV spread, extend
- pVdV spread, long
- PVnV spring
- bira (*bujra) spring, flow
- bira (*bujra) spring, flow
- p`iSV sprinkle
- p`isV sprinkle
- kanVbV stalk
- kanVbV stalk, peg
- čwVrV stand
- dVštV star
- HVzwVrV star, luminary
- dV[š]tV ? star, moon
- HVźVrV star, shine
- ṭVlV stem, board
- ColV steppe, valley, meadow
- ColV steppe, valley, meadow
- bVč`V stick
- ḳVlV stick
- ḳVlV stick
- bedV stick into, pierce
- bVč`V stick, pole
- ḳUrV stick, tree
- ḳUrV stick, tree
- ḳVmV ? stomach, intestines
- ḳElV stone
- kiwV stone
- ṭ/aj/lV stone
- ṭ/aj/lV stone
- bVgV ( ~ -ɣ-) stone, hill
- kiwV stone, mountain
- ḳElV stone, rock
- burV ( >> *p-) storm
- burV ( >> *p-) storm
- Huwa stream, flow of water
- Huwa stream, flow of water
- ṭumgV stump
- ṭumgV stump, trunk
- SUṗV suck
- zUkV suck
- muḳV swallow, gobble suck, swallow
- eli sufficient, complete
- si̯aχu (-ɣ-) sun
- si̯aχu (-ɣ-) sun
? PT *daŋ 'dawn'; PJ (Ryukyu) *tianta 'sun' sun, day
- laHm[u] swamp
- laHm[u] swamp
- šwxVjṗV sweep
- cwVtu sweet
- cwVtu sweet, tasty
- ḳudV tail
- ḳudV tail
- toḳE tail
- toḳE tail
- ṗVńcwV ( ~ -ćw−,−č𝑤-,-čw-, -ǯ-) tail, (long) hair
- śVrV back tail, back
- ga take
- ʔanV take
- gerV take, bring
- tVKV take, bring
- ʔVpV take, carry
- gVṭV take, get
- kantV take, grasp
- ʔVpV take, seize
- ṭVHmV taste
- xamV, *xamŋV taste (*xamŋV 'mouth')
- cVḳV temple, hair on temple
- ṗV(H)- ? ten, many
- ʔU[ṭ]V tent
- ḳoĺV testicle
- ḳoĺV testiculus
- ʔVbV that, that near
- ʔa (*ʔe) that, this
- ʔu that, this
- ʔu that, this
- ʔa (*ʔe) that, this (prob. *Ha that, *He this)
- ṭujV (*ṭVwjV) thick
- ṭVkV thick
- ṭVkV thick, full
- bongä thick, swell
- bongä thick, swell
- bVgtV thigh
- bVgtV thigh
- ṗVǯkV thigh, leg (?)
- ṗVǯkV thigh, rump
- cUṗV thin
- ṭVnV thin
- ćUṗV thin, narrow
- HVdV thing
- HVdV thing; interrog. stem
- cV ( ~ č-) this
- cV ( ~ č-, ć-) this
- ḳV this
- ʔi (*hi) this
- ʔi (*hi) this
- ʒwVgV thorn
- ʒ́wVgV thorn
- NEḳrV thorny bush
- χwV thou (obl. forms?) [2nd p. pronoun]
- nV thou thou [2nd p. pronoun]
- ṭ[u] thou [2nd p. pronoun]
HVŋV throat
- kUṭV throat, intestines
- kUlV throat, swallow
- kUlV throat, to swallow
- cVḳV tickle
- tVḳV tie, weave
- CVCV tip, spout
- čVčV tip, spout
- ŋāńi to approach, follow
- ṗVrXV to ask, pray
- ṗVrXV to ask, pray
- mUCV to bare teeth
- buHi to be
- woɣlV to be
- woɣlV to be
- ʔa ? to be
- ʔa ? to be
- ʔesA to be
- ʔesA to be
- kVCV to be angry
- kVCV to be angry, hostile
- ṭVkV to be completed, exhausted
- ṭVkV to be lost, exhausted
- buḳV to be mad, stupid
- HwVlV to be visible
- c`olHV to be well
- ColHV to be well
- ʔelA to be, live
- ʔelA to be, live
- š[e]wV to bear
- š[e]wV to bear
- ṭVlV to bear
- ṭVlV to bear, lift
- ṗVṭV to beat
- ṗVṭV to beat
- ḳVwχV to beat, hit
- büḲa to bend
- cVḳV to bend
- Garḳu to bend
- Garḳu to bend
- guḳa to bend
- guḳa to bend
- güpA to bend
- ḳVlV ? to bend
- ḳVŋV to bend
- ɫoŋḳa to bend
- ɫoŋḳa to bend, bow
- KUrV to bend, turn
- güpA to bend; hump, heap
- KuTV to bind, girdle
- taxlwV to bind, harness
- kikV to bite
- ṭVHmV to bite, taste
- c`ajV to blink, shine, shade
- CajV to blink, shine, shade
- dVwɣV to blow
- p`uSV to blow
- p`uSV to blow
- ṗuɣV to blow
- ṗuɣV to blow
- dVwɣV to blow, shake
- Hewa to blow, winnow
- Hewa to blow, winnow
- ḳüpä to boil, foam
- ḳüpä to boil, foam
- gVbV to boil, roast
- lUŋ(k)V to bore, dig
- cVḳV to bow, bend
- ṗVSV to break, crumble
- ʔVrHwV to break, cut, wound
- ʔVrHwV to break, scatter, tear
- HwinV to breathe
- ʔanqV to breathe
- ʔanqV to breathe
- /ḳ/alV to burn
- ć`wVwV (?*HVwć'wV) to burn
- cwVwV (?*HVwcwV) to burn
- dekO to burn
- dekO to burn
- Hase to burn
- HaSe to burn
- ḳVńV to burn
- ṗVdwV to burn
- ṭülV to burn
- kVwrV to burn, bake
- kVwrV to burn, bake
- ḳVju to burn, boil
- CVlV to burn, flash
- gVbV to burn, heat
- nVjV to burn, sun
- paḳV to burst, split (many roots)
- CVḥV (?) to call
- gVjwV to call
- gVjwV to call
- ḳErV to call
- ḳErV to call
- č`VrV to care
- čVrV to care
- HVrV to change, borrow
- HVrV to change, distribute
- käjwV (?-b-) to chew
- lVkV to collect, count
- lVkV to collect, count
- ṗanV to collect, put
- muṭV to complete
- ḳa(j)dV to cover
- ḳVrV to cover, protect
- gʷVnV to covet sexually
- gʷVnV to covet sexually
- aĺV to cross, other side
- pi(u)čV to crush
- ṗVjńV to crush, press
- pi(u)CV to crush, squeeze
- muɣrV to cry
- ḳVwV to cry, shout
- jVrV to curse, be angry
- ɣVcV ( ~ -c`-) to cut
- ɣVčV ( ~ -č`-) to cut
- ḳVć`V to cut
- mVc`V to cut
- ṭanV ? to cut
- ṗVwV to cut, hit, saw
- ṗVwV to cut, hit, saw
- kVlV ? to cut, knife
- CarV to cut, sharp
- sVḳV to cut, split
- śVḳV to cut, split
- mVCV to cut, tear
- tVlV to deceive
- KolV to die, kill
- ḳVṗV to dig, hack
- palV to divide, cut in half
- jVgU to drink
- tVrV to drink, flow
- KVmV to dry
- šwVrV to dry
- šwVrV to dry
- sun(d)V ( ~ š-) to dry up, extinguish
- ʒeGV to eat
- ʒeGV to eat
- ʔitV to eat
- ʔitV to eat
- ḳVmV to eat, gulp
- ḳVmV to eat, gulp
- ŋēni to enter, go
- ḳVtV to fall
- ṗeṭV to fall
- ṗeṭV to fall, (down)
- ṗVjlV to fall, fly
- ṗVjlV to fall, soar
- belHi to fear, be angry
- belHi to fear, be scared
- zUkV to ferment, squeeze juice
- ṭVmV to fill, stuff
- ḳUdV to finish
- ḳUdV to finish
- dUgV to fit, be good
- ḳVnV to fit, be good
- CVlV to flash, shine
- CurV / *CorV to flow, drip
- CurV / *CorV to flow, drip
- tUKV to flow, pour
- lVjḳV to follow, send, leave
- lVjḳV to follow, send, leave
- gVṭV to get
- be[rH]u to give
- be[rH]u to give
- cwVHV to give
- dwV[H]V to give
- dwV[H]V to give
- KVmV ? to give birth, family
- kVngV to gnaw
- gVwV / *gwVjV (?) to go
- meŋV to go
- ŋēni (cf. also *ŋāńi) to go, come
- ʒ́wVHV to go, come
- ʒwVHV to go, come, drive
- gVwV / *gwVjV (?) to go, follow
- mVrV to go, walk
- HaṗV to grasp
- HaṗV to grasp
- ḳaṗV to grasp
- ḳaṗV to grasp
- [p]itV to grasp, seize
- zVr(d)V ( ~ *ʒ-) to grow
- buHi to grow, become
- tajV to hang
- [s]VŋʒwV ? to hang down; stand (?)
- kUŋ[d]V to harm, break
- CVrV to hate, be annoyed
- ǯVrV to hate, be annoyed
- ḳiwlV to hear
- ḳVrV to hide, protect
- KuĺV to hide, secret
- ḳVkV to hit, break
- mVqwV to hit, push
- gerV to hold
- ʔanV to hold, seize
- wVlV to howl, cry
- wVlV to howl, cry
- anTV to join, together
- anTV to join, together
- lVKV to jump, run
- ḳVs(w)V to kindle, dry
- cwVnV to know
- g(w)enV to know
- g(w)enV to know
- CVḥV (?) to know, consider
- ćwVnV (cf. also *sVnV) to know, think
- sVnV to know, think
- wetV to lead
- wetV (cf. also *dwVwV 'run') to lead, to go
- šVwV to let, agree
- l[a]pV to lick
- talV to lick
- lVm(ŋ)V to lick, swallow
- l[a]pV to lick; lip
- ḳVwjV to lie
- kVlV to lie, fall down
- kVlV to lie, sleep (also 'fall', cf. 412?)
- alV to listen, hear
- alV to listen, hear
- ḥujV to live
- ḥujV to live
- tVjḳV to look, show
- KuĺV to lose, hide
- wärV to make
- wärV to make
- KVmV ? to marry
- ḳVnV to match, fit
- dVnV to melt, flow
- dVnV to melt, flow
- kalV ? to mix, join
- SVlV to move
- SVlV to move
- ńowda to move quickly
- ńowda to move quickly, pursue
- mVqwV to move, push
- ćeKV to move, step
- ṗanCV to open, spread
- ʔaḳa to open, spread
- luku to peel, naked
- CoḳV to pierce
- CoḳV (cf. also *čVḳV) to pierce
- źVḳV to plait
- zVḳV to plait, smth. plaited
- HUbV to plait, weave
- HUbV to plait, weave
- rVCV to plait, weave, rope (?)
- tIgwV to plant vertically
- ṗIḳV to polish, rub
- L[ä]jV to pour
- lVHwV to pour
- ṗVHV to pour, drink to pour
- ṗVHV to pour, drink
- tUKV to pour, drop
- ʒwVHlV to pour, stream
- piCV ? to prepare food
- piCV ? to prepare food
- ńamV to press, seize
- ńamV to press, seize
- ṭVnV to pull
- ṭVnV to pull, stretch
- nVq̇V to push, beat; grind (2 roots?)
- nVq̇V to push, beat; grind (2 roots?)
- ńukV to push, pull
- dVʕV (*d[i]ɣV) to put
- dVʕV (*d[i]ɣV) to put
- ṗanV to put
- HVlV to receive (+ bestow)
- kVdwV ? to rise
- kVdwV to rise to rise
- ḲaLi to rise, raise
- ḲaLi to rise, raise
- Horä to rise; move, go
- HUlV to roll
- HUlV to roll
- murV to roll, twist
- ṗVšV to rub, crumble
- ṗIḳV to rub, scratch
- dwVwV to run
- ḳacwV to run
- ṭoKV to run
- ṭoKV to run
- ʔurKV to run
- ṭVŕgV to run, road
- tVHV to say
- wVḳV to say, call
- mVlV to say, pray
- s(w)VcwV to scatter
- ḳirV to scrape
- ḳirV; cf. also *gVrV scratch, *gVrVbV notch, sign to scrape
- ḳV[sw]V to scrape
- gVrV to scratch
- xVḳV to scratch
- xVḳV to scratch
- ʔVwʒwV(HV) to see
- silV to see, eye
- wEdwV to see, eye
- ʔVnjV to see, eye
- HwVjV to see, guard
- HwVjV to see, guard
- silV to see, inspect
- šVḳV to see, know
- šVḳV ( ~ *ć`w-) to see, know
- wEdwV to see, know, search
- ʔVwCV(HV) (cf. also *ʔincV) to see, perceive
- [p]itV to seize, press
- dVrV to shake
- nVkV to shine, be visible
- laṗV to shine, glitter, flash
- ḳVwV to shout, sound
- sVjHV to sift
- č`VṗV to sink
- č`VṗV to sink
- ʒVlV to slide, creep
- ḥVwV (?) to speak
- ḥVwV (?) to speak
- watV to speak
- watV to speak
- sVjwV to speak, shout
- sVjwV ( ~ *ś-) to speak, shout
- muɣrV to speak, sound
- wVŕV ( ~ *HuŕV) to spin, plait
- KVrV to spin, wind
- lUŋ(k)V to split, bore
- ṗVrjV to spread
- pVdV to spread, long
- CVχrV ? to spread, strew
- čwVrV to stand
- sVlV to stand (?)
- sVŋʒ́V to stand, hang down (?)
- tIgwV to stand, plant vertically
- ŋwVkV to stand, rise
- menV to stay
- nV(w)HV to stay, be, stand
- menV to stay, reside
- NEgV to stick in, pierce
- NEgV to stick in, pierce
- bulV to stir, mix
- bulV to stir, puddle
- nV(w)HV to stretch, stand
- cVḳV ( ~ *č-) to strike fire
- kUdV to submerge
- [c`w]VṗV to suck
- ʔEmV to suck
- CVrbV to suck (?)
- [c]VrbV to suck, leech
- C(w)VHrV to suffer
- c`VHrV to suffer
- dVwV to suffer
- dVwV to suffer, die
- enV to suffer, die
- enV to suffer; pain
- cwalV to suffice, be full
- HVṗV to swallow
- L[ü]ḳa to swallow
- L[ü]ḳa to swallow
- lVm(ŋ)V to swallow
- Sem[H]V to swallow
- Sem[H]V to swallow
- tVrV to swallow, drink
- muḳV to swallow, gobble
- balʕ[u] to swallow, throat
- gwVrV to swallow, throat
- gwVrV to swallow, throat
- balʕ[u] to swallow, throat; pipe
- swxVjṗV to sweep
- bari to take
- bari to take
- kantV to take
- ʔVjsV to take care of, honour
- HVlV to take, receive
- č`VmV ? to taste, eat
- xamV to taste, sour
- p`äŕ[a] to tear, break, split
- p`äŕ[a] to tear, break, split
- ḳV[ǯ]V to tear, rip
- manu to think
- manu to think
- ʒVm(ŋ)V to think, dream
- ḳVńV to tie, bind
- ḳVńV to tie, bind
- taxlwV to tie, net
- tVKV to touch
- Koki to trace
- Koki to trace
- dVrV to tremble
- ṭurV to turn round
- ṭurV to turn round
- ʔVŋV to understand, brain (?)
- gUrV to understand, see
- gUrV to understand, see
- swiḳV ( ~ šw-) to urinate
- [š]ehŕa to wake
- źwehŕa to wake
- ṭVlV to wake, become clear
- ṭVlV to wake; see > eye (?)
- gVrV to walk, go
- gVrV to walk, run
- meŋV to walk, run
- lVHwV to wash, soak
- mVjV to weaken, disappear
- mVjV to weaken, disappear
- lVCV to wear out; weak, exhausted
- wVc`V to wear, put on
- rVcV ( ~ -c`-) to weave (a lattice?)
- c`VmrV to wink, eyelid
- h/a/wV to wish
- wiʎ/g/V to wish
- wiʎ/g/V to wish
- h/a/wV to wish (cf. 173)
- ʔVnV(jV) to wish, help
- šVwV to wish, let
- buḳV to worry, be stupid
- ʔewV to wound, kill
- ʔewV to wound, kill
- tilV(ŋV) tongue
- tilV(ŋV) tongue
- Ḳä[lH]ä tongue, to speak
- Ḳä[lH]ä tongue, to speak
- palV tooth
- palV tooth
- ɣoŋɣV tooth, peg
- ḳVmbV tooth, sharp edge
- ḳVmbV tooth, sharp edge
- ḳVḳV top
- ḳVḳV top
- mVĺV top
- KVmPV top of head
- KVmPV top of head
- TUmV top of head, hair
- TUmV top of head, hair of head
- ḳirV top of head, horn
- cimu ( ~ č-, č`-) top, summit
- ṭaṗV touch, plaster
- ṭaṗV touch, plaster, attach ?
- ceKV tramp, step
- ṗUjV tree
- ṗUjV tree
- widV tree
- dʷirV tree, wood
- dʷirV tree, wood
- c`UlV twig, branch
- šVṭV ? twig, rod
- murV twist
- tVḳV twist, weave
- malV two
- tuʔV ( ~ *tuq̇V) two
- tuʔV ( ~ *tuq̇V) two
- NVlV two / four / eight
- gagtV two, pair
- jVŕV two, pair
- jVŕV two, pair
- ʔVŋV understand, brain
- ʔirV ungulate
- ʔirV ungulate
- kVŋkV upper part of chest, collarbone
- swiḳV ( ~ šw-) urine, urinate
- gowlV valley
- gowlV valley, deep
- kala vessel
- kala vessel
- ḳaṗV vessel
- ḳaṗV vessel
- ḳVwKV vessel
- koṭV village
- koṭV village, house
- ḳojmV village, hut
- p`u[ṭ]V vulva
- pVjcV ( ~ -č-) vulva
- ṗuKdV wake
- kä[lH]V walk, roam, ford
- kä[lH]V walk, roam, ford
- ṭVŕgV walk, run, road (several roots? assimilations?)
- lVmV warm
- ṭ[ä]pV warm
- ṭ[ä]pV warm
Ur. *kačV 'warm' warm
- bVnV ? wash
- mVs(k)V ( ~ -ʒ-) wash
- mVś(k)V ( ~ -ʒ́-) wash
- HVrcV ( ~ -c`-) wash, flow
- bVnV ? water
- wetV water
- wetV water
- ʕEḳu water
- ʕEḳu water
- ʒwVHlV water, pour
- kUdV water, to submerge
- mEwV water, wet
- mEwV water, wet
- wV we (pronoun)
- wV we we, I [1st p. pronoun]
- HalV (cf. also *lVjV ) weak
- lVjV weak
- ṭVrV weak
- lVjńV weak, lax
- HalV weak, tired
- ŋVwV weak, tired, dead
- ṭVrV weak, young
- wVCV wear, dress
- ēco ( ~ -č-) weary, tired
- (H)wiɫV wet
- (H)wiɫV wet wet
- mäŕä wet
- mäŕä wet
- mVk`V wet
- mV what, interrogative pronoun
- swVḳV ( ~ cw−,č𝑤-,čw-) white
- swVḳV ( ~ cw-,čw-) white, clean
- CV who
- ḳV who, what
- ḳVĺwV whole
- ḳVĺwV whole, all, combine
- ćwalV whole, full
- ṗaṭV wide
- ṗaṭV wide, open
- čwalV willow
- čwalV willow
- CalV ? wind, to blow
- gara wing; arm
- PVnV winter ~ spring
- gImV winter, cold
- gImV winter, cold
- ʔVnV(jV) wish
- ḲüjnA wolf, dog
- ḲüjnA wolf, dog
- k/u/nV woman
- k/u/nV woman
- nVzV ( ~ -ʒ-) woman, female
- widV wood
- ḲorV worm
- ḲorV worm
- kuńV (if < *kuj-nV?) worm
- mVṭV worm
- mVṭV worm
- ṗäri worm
- ṗäri worm
- ḳwVŋV worm, insect
- ŋalmV worm, insect
- w[e]ṭV year
- w[e]ṭV year
- CVnV year, old
- zVnV year, old
- si you
"Alt. "*bāla 'child, young' young
- ṭVlV young animal, plant
- ṭVlV young animal, plant
- majrV young male
- majrV young male
- ḳacV ( ~ -c`-) young man
- ḳʷVŕV young of animals
- ḳʷVŕV young of animals
- ḲanV young, child
- ḲanV young, child
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