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With the exception of the portmanteau pronouns, core arguments take no marking in transitive clauses. When an explicit noun appears in transitive clauses, | With the exception of the portmanteau pronouns, core arguments take no marking in transitive clauses. When an explicit noun appears in transitive clauses, strict SOV order is followed: | ||
{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
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| translation = I shall buy meat. | | translation = I shall buy meat. | ||
}} | }} | ||
Tense markers, when they cliticize, do so only with pronominal patient arguments. As this explicitly marks the direct object, word order can vary without ambiguity. In sentences 2b and 2c, the past tense marker ''hai'' has cliticized to the first person singular ''ji''. As the patient is now explicitly marked, it can now appear after the subject (its default position), or it may precede it. Compare these to 2a where no cliticization has taken place: | |||
*{{Gloss | *{{Gloss | ||
|phrase = | |phrase = 2a) Ávaron ji vasáli hai | ||
| IPA = | | IPA = | ||
| morphemes = ávaron ji vasáli hai | | morphemes = ávaron ji vasáli hai | ||
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}} | }} | ||
An object may come before the subject | *{{Gloss | ||
|phrase = 2b) Ávaron jai vasáli. | |||
| IPA = | |||
| morphemes = ávaron ji-hai vasáli | |||
| gloss = PN 1S.DO-PST visit | |||
| translation = Ávaron has visited me. | |||
}} | |||
*{{Gloss | |||
|phrase = 2c) Jai Ávaron vasáli. | |||
| IPA = | |||
| morphemes = ji-hai ávaron vasáli | |||
| gloss = 1S.DO-PST PN visit | |||
| translation = Ávaron has visited me. | |||
}} | |||
An object may also come before the subject if the object is topicalized by the particle ''ipan'', which is also followed by an audible pause: | |||
{{Gloss | {{Gloss | ||
|phrase = Kusara ipan, ji iaviti nai. | |phrase = Kusara ipan, ji iaviti nai. | ||
| IPA = | | IPA = | ||
| morphemes = kusara ipan | | morphemes = kusara ipan ji iaviti nai. | ||
| gloss = meat TOP 1S | | gloss = meat TOP 1S buy | ||
| translation = Meat, I shall buy (some). | | translation = Meat, I shall buy (some). | ||
}} | }} |
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