Modern Windermere

Modern Windermere is the sole modern descendant of Classical Windermere.

Diachronics

Phonological history

• ə > 0 after aspirated consonants and fricatives. This makes the voicing alternation in the Classical Wdm. spirants f and th phonemic.
• r > ɹ
• ł > ś, ş > ṣ

Grammatical history

• Aspect and trigger largely become derivational devices, cf. the development of PIE aspects and Semitic binyanim.
• Grammaticalization of conjugated auxiliaries, leading to a tense system.

Phonology

Consonants

		Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal		m /m/	n /n/				ng /ŋ/
Plosive	unaspirated	b /p/	d /t/				g /k/
	aspirated	p /pʰ/	t /tʰ/				c /kʰ/		' /ʔ/
Affricate				ts /ts/		tsy /tɕ/
Fricative	unvoiced	f /f/	th /θ/	s /s/	sh /ʂ/	sy /ɕ/	ch /x/
	voiced	v /v/	dh /ð/
Resonant		w /w/		r /ɹ~ɻ/		y /j/		l /ʟ/

Vowels

Monophthongs

	Front		Central	Back
	unrounded	rounded
Close	i /i/	ü /y/		u /u/
Mid	e /ɛ/		ă /ə/	o /ɔ/
Open			a /a/

Diphthongs

	Front		Central	Back
	unrounded	rounded
Close	ie /e:/	üe /ø:/		ua /o:/
Mid	ea /ɛ:/			oa /ɔ:/

• [ɨ ʉ] are allophones of /i y/ after /ʂ ɹ/.

Stress

Stress is almost always final, but can be non-final in function words.

Morphology

Verbs

Praveen's last idea for Tigal: auxiliary-based

Auxiliaries

Tense auxiliaries

	I	thou	he	she	it	we (exc.)	we (inc.)	you (pl.)	they
present	mor	moł	mon	mos	mot	mots	mob	mong	mam
preterite	chelăr	chelăł	chelăn	chelăs	chelăt	chelăts	chelăb	chelăng	chelăm
future	per	perł	pern	pers	pert	perts	perb	perng	perm

Syntax

AuxSVO or maybe AuxAVE if ergative

Mor brits cde clăbüh te tsăgtsog.

PRES-1SG speak about love and hate

I speak of love and hate.'