Modern Windermere

Modern Windermere is the sole modern descendant of Classical Windermere.

Todo

21 accents in Windermere?

Diachronics

Phonological history

• ə > 0 after aspirated consonants and fricatives. This makes the voicing alternation in the Classical Wdm. spirants f and th phonemic.
• r > ɹ in the Rhythoed dialect (Talman Windermere has an Icelandic/Philly accent and Rhythoed has a British RP-ish accent)
• l > ʟ in the Wen Dămea dialect
• ł > ś, ş > ṣ

Grammatical history

• Aspect largely becomes a derivational device, cf. the development of PIE aspects
• Grammaticalization of conjugated auxiliaries, leading to a tense system.

Phonology

Consonants

		Labial	Dental	Alveolar	Retroflex	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Glottal
Nasal		m /m/	n /n/				ng /ŋ/
Plosive	unaspirated	b /p~b/	d /t~d/				g /k~g/
	aspirated	p /pʰ~p/	t /tʰ~t/				c /kʰ~k/		' /ʔ/
Affricate				ts /ts/		tsy /tɕ/
Fricative	unvoiced	f /f/	th /θ/	s /s/	sh /ʂ/	sy /ɕ/	ch /x/
	voiced	v /v/	dh /ð/
Resonant		w /w/		r /ɹ~ɻ~r/		y /j/		l /ʟ~ɫ/

Vowels

Short vowels

	Front		Central	Back
	unrounded	rounded
Close	i /i/	ü /y/		u /u/
Mid	e /ɛ/		ă /ə/	o /ɔ/
Open			a /a/

Long vowels

	Front		Central	Back
	unrounded	rounded
Close	ie /e:/	üe /ø:/		ua /o:/
Mid	ea /ɛ:/			oa /ɔ:/

• Caveat: ir = ier, ur = uar, etc.
• [ɨ ʉ] are allophones of /i y/ after /ʂ ɹ/.

The Rhythoed dialect

Rhythoed Windermere is non-rhotic: ir ür ur er or are pronounced /iə yə uə eə oə/. The stops b d g are actually voiced.

Stress

Stress is almost always final, but can be non-final in function words.

Morphology

Verbs

Praveen's last idea for Tigal: auxiliary-based

Auxiliaries

Tense auxiliaries

	I	thou	he	she	it	we (exc.)	we (inc.)	you (pl.)	they
present	mor	moł	mon	mos	mot	mots	mob	mong	mam
preterite	chear	cheał	chean	chels	chelt	chelts	chelb	cheang	cheam
future	per	perł	pern	pers	pert	perts	perb	perng	perm

Syntax

AuxSVO

Mor mi brits cdef clăbüh tef tsăgtsog.

PRES-1SG LOC speak about-DEF love and-DEF hate

I speak of love and hate.

Mot fi rüech mi tsrin nef troas.

PRES-it DEF bird LOC eat of-DEF seed

The bird is eating a seed.