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Chlouvānem: Difference between revisions
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→The subjunctive mood
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====The subjunctive mood==== | ====The subjunctive mood==== | ||
The subjunctive mood has a variety of uses, most commonly when followed or introduced by a certain particle. The bare subjunctive, however, has a supine meaning: | The subjunctive mood has a variety of uses, most commonly when followed or introduced by a certain particle. The bare subjunctive, however, has a supine meaning: | ||
: ''šuteitieldā, yaivei | : ''šuteitieldā, yaivei tamišēt.'' "it has been put there for everybody to look at it." | ||
: ''luvāmom dāmek yambrānu | : ''luvāmom dāmek yambrānu lgutētte.'' "(s)he went to the market to buy pears." | ||
Some verbs, such as ''nīdhyuɂake'' (to call for), usually require the subjunctive: | Some verbs, such as ''nīdhyuɂake'' (to call for), usually require the subjunctive: | ||
: ''nītedhyuɂek karthāgo | : ''nītedhyuɂek karthāgo bīdrēt.'' "(s)he called for Carthage to be destroyed." | ||
The verbs for "to study" (''pāṭṭaruke'', ''pāṭṭarudṛke'', ''kaminairīveke'') and "to learn" (interior forms of ''mišake''; ''nairīveke'') only need a supine-meaning subjunctive when they mean "in order to know something, in order to be able to". With the meaning "in order to become something", a noun in translative case is used: | The verbs for "to study" (''pāṭṭaruke'', ''pāṭṭarudṛke'', ''kaminairīveke'') and "to learn" (interior forms of ''mišake''; ''nairīveke'') only need a supine-meaning subjunctive when they mean "in order to know something, in order to be able to". With the meaning "in order to become something", a noun in translative case is used: | ||
: ''fildenī āndṛke | : ''fildenī āndṛke munati ejulā kaminairīveyu.'' "I study here in order to be able to create games." | ||
: ''fildenāndarlilan kaminairīveyu.'' "I study in order to become a game creator." | : ''fildenāndarlilan kaminairīveyu.'' "I study in order to become a game creator." | ||
Verbs like ''lelke'' (to choose <small>(stem: ''len-'')</small>), its synonym ''vāgdulke'' <small>(''vād-kul-'')</small>, or ''mulke'' (to know how to <small>(stem: ''mun-'', highest grade ablaut in the present)</small> can use invariably the subjunctive or the infinitive; usually, the subjunctive is used when there is a stated subject that is different from an impersonal phrase: | Verbs like ''lelke'' (to choose <small>(stem: ''len-'')</small>), its synonym ''vāgdulke'' <small>(''vād-kul-'')</small>, or ''mulke'' (to know how to <small>(stem: ''mun-'', highest grade ablaut in the present)</small> can use invariably the subjunctive or the infinitive; usually, the subjunctive is used when there is a stated subject that is different from an impersonal phrase: | ||
: ''tami jilde maunalieh.'' "we know how to do it." | : ''tami jilde maunalieh.'' "we know how to do it." | ||
: ''yakaliyātamei | : ''yakaliyātamei āndrēt elena.'' "it has been chosen to have it built by Your honorable company." | ||
: ''tami šubīdṛke lenanājate.'' "we decided to tear it down." | : ''tami šubīdṛke lenanājate.'' "we decided to tear it down." | ||