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Participles
Magical Participle | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Anti- Passive | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Past | Present | Future | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mag | Liv | Art | Non | Mag | Liv | Art | Non | Mag | Liv | Art | Non | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pos | Perfective | -aalt | -öölt | -yylt | -oolt | -aal | -ööl | -yyl | -ool | -avl | -övl | -yvl | -ovl | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Retrospective | -antwli | -öntwli | -yntwli | -ontwli | -anlwi | -önlwi | -ynlwi | -onlwi | -amvli | -ömvli | -ymvli | -omvli | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pausative | -avdle | -övdle | -yvdle | -ovdle | -avl | -övl | -yvl | -ovl | -avjul | -övjul | -yvjul | -ovjul | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Inceptive | -ëmdwal | -ëmdwöl | -ëmdwyl | -ëmdwol | -emlja | -emljö | -emljy | -emljo | -emvla | -emvlö | -emvly | -emvlo | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Continuative | -ettwaaml | -ettwööml | -ettwyyml | -ettwooml | -eşwaaml | -eşwööml | -eşwyyml | -eşwooml | -eşfaml | -eşföml | -eşfyml | -eşfoml | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Terminative | -ystal | -ystöl | -ystyl | -ystol | -assl | -össl | -yssl | -ossl | -azvöl | -özvöl | -yzvöl | -ozvöl | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genericative | -aşüütl | -öşüütl | -yşüütl | -oşüütl | -alşw | -ölşw | -ylşw | -olşw | -aşffül | -öşffül | -yşffül | -oşffül | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Neg | Perfective | -aaltöm | -ööltöm | -yyltöm | -ooltöm | -aalm | -öölm | -yylm | -oolm | -avlöm | -övlöm | -yvlöm | -ovlöm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Retrospective | -antwlim | -öntwlim | -yntwlim | -ontwlim | -anlwim | -önlwim | -ynlwim | -onlwim | -amvlim | -ömvlim | -ymvlim | -omvlim | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pausative | -avdlëm | -övdlëm | -yvdlëm | -ovdlëm | -avlöm | -övlöm | -yvlöm | -ovlöm | -avjulm | -övjulm | -yvjulm | -ovjulm | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Inceptive | -ëmdwalm | -ëmdwölm | -ëmdwylm | -ëmdwolm | -emljam | -emljöm | -emljym | -emljom | -emvlam | -emvlöm | -emvlym | -emvlo | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Continuative | -ettwaamlöm | -ettwöömlöm | -ettwyymlöm | -ettwoomlöm | -eşwaamlöm | -eşwöömlöm | -eşwyymlöm | -eşwoomlöm | -eşfamlöm | -eşfömlöm | -eşfymlöm | -eşfomlöm | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Terminative | -ystalm | -ystölm | -ystylm | -ystolm | -asslöm | -össlöm | -ysslöm | -osslöm | -azvölm | -özvölm | -yzvölm | -ozvölm | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genericative | -aşüütölm | -öşüütölm | -yşüütölm | -oşüütölm | -alşwöm | -ölşwöm | -ylşwöm | -olşwöm | -aşffülm | -öşffülm | -yşffülm | -oşffülm | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Passive | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Past | Present | Future | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mag | Liv | Art | Non | Mag | Liv | Art | Non | Mag | Liv | Art | Non | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pos | Perfective | -elwasn | -elwösn | -elwysn | -elwosn | -aln | -öln | -yln | -oln | -elwavm | -elwövm | -elwyvm | -elwovm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Retrospective | -öŋatl | -öŋötl | -öŋytl | -öŋotl | -öŋnal | -öŋnöl | -öŋnyl | -öŋnol | -ënljav | -ënljöv | -ënljyv | -ënljov | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pausative | -evlasn | -evlösn | -evlysn | -evlosn | -evjaln | -evjöln | -evjyln | -evjoln | -ëvlafn | -ëvlöfn | -ëvlyfn | -ëvlofn | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Inceptive | -ëmlasw | -ëmlösw | -ëmlysw | -ëmlosw | -ëmlwa | -ëmlwö | -ëmlwy | -ëmlwo | -ëmlav | -ëmlöv | -ëmlyv | -ëmlov | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Continuative | -aşlwüsm | -öşlwüsm | -yşlwüsm | -oşlwüsm | -aşlwüm | -öşlwüm | -yşlwüm | -oşlwüm | -aşlwüvm | -öşlwüvm | -yşlwüvm | -oşlwüvm | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Terminative | -yysswnasl | -yysswnösl | -yysswnysl | -yysswnosl | -yysswnal | -yysswnöl | -yysswnyl | -yysswnol | -yysswnavl | -yysswnövl | -yysswnyvl | -yysswnovl | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genericative | -aşwolsin | -öşwolsin | -yşwolsin | -oşwolsin | -aşwoln | -öşwoln | -yşwoln | -oşwoln | -aşwolvin | -öşwolvin | -yşwolvin | -oşwolvin | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Neg | Perfective | -elsamn | -elsömn | -elsymn | -elsomn | -alömn | -ölömn | -ylömn | -olömn | -elwvamn | -elwvömn | -elwvymn | -elwvomn | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Retrospective | -öŋmatlö | -öŋmötlö | -öŋmytlö | -öŋmotlö | -öŋnalm | -öŋnölm | -öŋnylm | -öŋnolm | -ënljavm | -ënljövm | -ënljyvm | -ënljovm | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pausative | -evlasnö | -evlösnö | -evlysnö | -evlosnö | -evjalnö | -evjölnö | -evjylnö | -evjolnö | -ëvlafnö | -ëvlöfnö | -ëvlyfnö | -ëvlofnö | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Inceptive | -ëmlaswm | -ëmlöswm | -ëmlyswm | -ëmloswm | -ëmlwam | -ëmlwöm | -ëmlwym | -ëmlwom | -ëmlavm | -ëmlövm | -ëmlyvm | -ëmlovm | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Continuative | -aşlmösm | -öşlmösm | -yşlmösm | -oşlmösm | -aşlmöm | -öşlmöm | -yşlmöm | -oşlmöm | -aşlmövm | -öşlmövm | -yşlmövm | -oşlmövm | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Terminative | -yyswnaslöm | -yyswnöslöm | -yyswnyslöm | -yyswnoslöm | -yyswnalm | -yyswnölm | -yyswnylm | -yyswnolm | -yyswnavlöm | -yyswnövlöm | -yyswnyvlöm | -yyswnovlöm | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genericative | -aşolsömn | -öşolsömn | -yşolsömn | -oşolsömn | -aşolnö | -öşolnö | -yşolnö | -oşolnö | -aşolvömn | -öşolvömn | -yşolvömn | -oşolvömn | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Applicative Voice | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Past | Present | Future | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mag | Liv | Art | Non | Mag | Liv | Art | Non | Mag | Liv | Art | Non | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pos | Perfective | -ëlsaş | -ëlsöş | -ëlsyş | -ëlsoş | -alş | -ölş | -ylş | -olş | -alviş | -ölviş | -ylviş | -olviş | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Retrospective | -önşalss | -önşylss | -önşylss | -önşylss | -önşalw | -önşölw | -önşylw | -önşolw | -önşavl | -önşövl | -önşyvl | -önşovl | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pausative | -azzovl | -özzovl | -yzzovl | -ozzovl | -adzovl | -ödzovl | -ydzovl | -odzovl | -advovl | -ödvovl | -ydvovl | -odvovl | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Inceptive | -aşmasl | -aşmösl | -aşmysl | -aşmosl | -amaşwl | -amöşwl | -amyşwl | -amoşwl | -aşmafl | -aşmöfl | -aşmyfl | -aşmofl | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Continuative | -aşlüşwiism | -öşlüşwiism | -yşlüşwiism | -oşlüşwiism | -aşlüşm | -öşlüşm | -yşlüşm | -oşlüşm | -aşlüşwiffm | -öşlüşwiffm | -yşlüşwiffm | -oşlüşwiffm | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Terminative | -üzalş | -üzölş | -üzylş | -üzolş | -üssalş | -üssölş | -üssylş | -üssolş | -üsfalş | -üsfölş | -üsfylş | -üsfolş | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genericative | -üşazalş | -üşözölş | -üşyzylş | -üşozolş | -üşaalş | -üşöölş | -üşyylş | -üşoolş | -üşavalş | -üşövölş | -üşyvylş | -üşovolş | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Neg | Perfective | -ëlsaşm | -ëlsöşm | -ëlsyşm | -ëlsoşm | -alşöm | -ölşöm | -ylşöm | -olşöm | -alvişm | -ölvişm | -ylvişm | -olvişm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Retrospective | -önşlwassm | -önşlwössm | -önşlwyssm | -önşlwossm | -önşalm | -önşölm | -önşylm | -önşolm | -önşavlöm | -önşövlöm | -önşyvlöm | -önşovlöm | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Pausative | -azzovlö | -özzovlö | -yzzovlö | -ozzovlö | -adzovlö | -ödzovlö | -ydzovlö | -odzovlö | -advovlö | -ödvovlö | -ydvovlö | -odvovlö | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Inceptive | -aşmlwasm | -aşmlwösm | -aşmlwysm | -aşmlwosm | -amlaşm | -amlöşm | -amlyşm | -amloşm | -aşmlwafm | -aşmlwöfm | -aşmlwyfm | -aşmlwofm | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Continuative | -aşlüşwiismö | -öşlüşwiismö | -yşlüşwiismö | -oşlüşwiismö | -aşwlüşmö | -öşwlüşmö | -yşwlüşmö | -oşwlüşmö | -aşlüşwiffmö | -öşlüşwiffmö | -yşlüşwiffmö | -oşlüşwiffmö | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Terminative | -üzlaşm | -üzlöşm | -üzlyşm | -üzloşm | -üsslaşm | -üsslöşm | -üsslyşm | -üssloşm | -üsflaşm | -üsflöşm | -üsflyşm | -üsfloşm | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
Genericative | -üşazalşöm | -üşözölşöm | -üşyzylşöm | -üşozolşöm | -üşaalşöm | -üşöölşöm | -üşyylşöm | -üşoolşöm | -üşavalşöm | -üşövölşöm | -üşyvylşöm | -üşovolşöm |
Declension table
Umbrean nouns are declined according to whether they are defined or undefined, which case they are, which gender and if its singular, Paucal and plural according to this table if they are regular
Name Amount Singular 1 Paucal 2-6 Plural 6<
Case Declension First Second Third Mag Liv Art Non Mag Liv Art Non Mag Liv Art Non Singular Erg -asj -ösw -y -üf -ia -aö -yn -ios -azw -ös -izj -üv Acc -am -aöm -ymm -öm -amjii -aömj -ymjn -omj -adzwm -ödz -ižž -üvz Int -aë -öë -aë -aü -ëi -aö -ë -oë -am -özm -yzzm -üfm Dat -an -öön -yn -ün -imja -amjö -ëmmj -imjo -aǧw -öǧs -yxws -üǧf Ref -ap -ub -yyp -op -apj -abj -ypj -opj -agw -ökw -ygwb -üǧm Paucal Erg -iss -uz -ös -ifj -asji -öš -en -iswo -iž -uz -ivj -üvj Acc -amji -ömji -ym -ëmjü -immi -amji -ym -iom -azmi -özmi -imji -üvmi Int -in -ön -enëë -ünl -in -anwö -unwë -ion -azjn -öss -izwn -ünl Dat -aŋŋ -iiŋ -ënn -üŋ -iiŋ -iiŋ -ëni -iŋjo -azjŋ -uzjŋ -ivŋ -oŋjüü Ref -opja -opja -ope -obü -opë -öp -up -opjo -obla -opjös -obez -opav Plural Erg -im -öfm -im -üm -iasjm -ösjm -in -üfm -umja -umjö -umji -umjü Acc -ömm -umni -ymii -ëmn -inn -amn -ymii -omn -ënazw -ënöz -ëmizw -eŋüv Int -avjl -övv -ivjli -üff -av -ivli -ynvi -iofj -azz -öššw -izz -üüv Dat -aa -öşjaa -yşw -üşi -aa -öşwaa -iş -oşi -adz -ydzwös -üdziz -üşjü Ref -ia -öǧin -iǧǧi -üüžw -iǧwa -öin -iǧǧ -iǧw -aǧj -öǧjs -ǧiz -üǧ
Construction State Suffix Magical Living Artificial Non-moving Sg Pc Pl Sg Pc Pl Sg Pc Pl Sg Pc Pl Erg -ax -iha -a -öks -oswö -ossö -yk -ykja -ykan -üǧ -ihü -igwa Acc -an -inwa -anna -ömm -ömjy -ösm -ym -yml -ymin -üm -omjy -ümn Int -at -asn -anwi -öş -öşm -öşwif -ytt -ytja -ytjif -os -oswu -osfje Pst -af -afm -amjy -öfm -ömm -ömjy -yv -yvd -yddwu -üff -üfm -omjy Ref -est -össt -ystt -üst
Defintiveness Suffix First Second Third Sg Pc Pl Sg Pc Pl Sg Pc Pl Proximal
DefiniteErg -t -k -ut -m -m -en -m -m -g Acc -n -p -ni -iv -n -es -iŋ -iŋ -g Int -ss -if -ži -ss -m -z -iǧ -o -oo Dat -m -m -m -n -n -n -m -is -n Ref -t -s -z -s -s -s -u -š -š
Possessive Suffix First Decl Second Decl Third Decl Sg Pc Pl Sg Pc Pl Sg Pc Pl First Person Sg Pc Pl Second Person Sg Pc Pl Third Person Sg Pc Pl
2
Case Declension First Second
NeuterThird
MasculineFourth
FeminineMag Liv Art Non All Mag Liv Art Non Mag Liv Art Non Mag Liv Art Non C V V S F1V1 Singular Int -Ca -Cö -Cy -Co -VØ -Vdvj -Vtfj -öŋ -ŋy -ss / -es -a -ömm -y -o -a -önn -y -o Erg -asw -ösw -ysw -osw -V1ssw -Vzv -Vsf -üzŋ -üzŋ -swo / -sswe Acc -amj -ömj -ymj -omj -V1mj -Vvmj -mö -my -sswm / -mes Pst -adzw -ödzw -ydzw -odzw -V1dzw -V1dzw -V1dzwovj -C1CW2ovj Ref -ap -öp -yp -op -V1b -vb Paucal Int -aadj -öödj -yydj -oodj -V1V1dj Erg -asswt -össwt -ysswt -osswt -V1swt Acc -asmj -ösmj -ysmj -osmj -V1sm Pst -adzwmj -ödzwmj -ydzwmj -odzwmj -V1dzwm Ref -aab -ööb -yyb -oob -V1V1bb Plural Int -aşj -öşj -yşj -oşj -V1şj Erg -aşw -öşw -yşw -oşw -V1şw Acc -aşm -öşm -yşm -oşm -V1şm Pst -azn -özn -yzn -ozn -V1zn Ref -asp -ösp -ysp -osp -V1spj
Construction State Suffix Magical Living Artificial Non-moving Sg Pc Pl Sg Pc Pl Sg Pc Pl Sg Pc Pl Erg Acc Int Pst Ref
Defintiveness Suffix First Second Third Sg Pc Pl Sg Pc Pl Sg Pc Pl Proximal
DefiniteErg Acc Int Dat Ref
Possessive Suffix First Decl Second Decl Third Decl Sg Pc Pl Sg Pc Pl Sg Pc Pl First Person Sg Pc Pl Second Person Sg Pc Pl Third Person Sg Pc Pl
3
Cases
Umbrean has 5 cases, Ergative, Intransitive, Accusative, Postpositional and Reflexive
Case Desription: Ergative Ref The grammatical case that identifies the subject of a transitive verb in ergative-absolutive languages Accusative Acc The grammatical case used to mark the direct object of an transitive verb Intransitive Int The grammatical case used in some languages to mark the subject of an transitive verb Postpositional Pst The grammatical case primarely used for postpositional phrases Reflexive Ref The grammatical case used to define the subject which is acting upon itself and
hence is both subject and object, also used for middle voice
Name Amount Singular 1 Paucal 2-6 Plural 6<
Short Sounds N m / ŋ / n
Case Declension Declension→ 1st
(Common)2nd
(Neuter)3rd
(Masculine)4th
(Feminine)Structure→ V- C- V- V- Number
↓Gender→ Mag Liv Art Non All1 Mag / Non Liv / Art State→
Case↓Indef. Def. Const. Indef. Def. Const. Indef. Def. Const. Indef. Def. Const. Indef. Def. Const. Indef. Def. Const. Indef. Def. Const. Singular Int -a -alw -atl -ö -ölw -ötl -y -ylw -ytl -o -olw -otl -Ø -lw -tl Erg -asw -asl -aşwl -ösw -ösl -öşwl -ysw -ysl -yşwl -osw -osl -oşwl -sw -sl -şwl Acc -amj -amlj -asmj -ömj -ömlj -ösmj -ymj -ymlj -ysmj -omj -omlj -osmj -mj -mlj -smj Pst -adz -adzlj -ödz -ödzlj -ydz -ydzlj -odz -odzlj -dz -dzlj Ref -ap -apjtw -öp -öpjtw -yp -ypjtw -op -opjtw -p -pt Paucal Int -an -anl -asn -ön -önl -ösn -yn -ynl -ysn -on -onl -osn -n -nl -sn Erg -aswn -asnil -asswn -öswn -ösnil -össwn -yswn -ysnil -ysswn -oswn -osnil -osswn -swn -snil -sswn Acc -anm -ammjl -anil -önm -ömmjl -önil -ynm -ymmjl -ynil -onm -ommjl -onil -nm -mmjl -nil Pst -adzmë -aslin -ödzmë -öslin -ydzmë -yslin -odzmë -oslin -dzmë -slin Ref -aşwp -öşwp -yşwp -oşwp -şwp Plural Int -af -aflw -attül -öf -öflw -öttül -yf -yflw -yttül -of -oflw -ottül -f -flw -ttül Erg -aswf -asjol -afjoş -öswf -ösjol -öfjoş -yswf -ysjol -yfjoş -oswf -üsjol -üfjoş -swf -sjol -fjoş Acc -afm -affmel -afmotl -öfm -öffmel -öfmotl -yfm -yffmel -yfmotl -ofm -offmel -üfmotl -fm -ffmel -fmotl Pst -aşf -aşffotl -öşf -öşffotl -yşf -yşffotl -oşf -üşffotl -şf -şffotl Ref -atf -atot -ötf -ötot -ytf -yytot -otf -ütot -tf -tot
1This applies to all genders that ends in consonant.
Verb Agreement
Magical | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active Voice | ||||||||||
Perfective | Retrospective | Pausative | Inceptive | Continuative | Terminative | Genericative | ||||
Past | Positive | -ül | -üŋl | -evü | -amül | -eşwümjl | -üswli | -yşwül | ||
Negative | -öl | -öŋl | -evö | -amöl | -ëşwömjl | -öswli | -yşwöl | |||
Present | Positive | -ü | -üŋ | -üvj | -amü | -eşwümj | -üssw | -üşw | ||
Negative | -ö | -öŋ | -övj | -amö | -ëşwöm | -össw | -öşw | |||
Future | Positive | -üš | -üšŋ | -üžvj | -ašwmjü | -etšwümj | -üswš | -ütšw | ||
Negative | -öš | -öšŋ | -öžvj | -ašwmjö | -ëtšwömj | -öswš | -ötšw | |||
Passive Voice | ||||||||||
Perfective | Retrospective | Pausative | Inceptive | Continuative | Terminative | Genericative | ||||
Past | Positive | -ütl | -üŋlutj | -üvloot | -amjütl | -ëşlüsmj | -üsjotjl | -üdzwatl | ||
Negative | -ötl | -öŋlutj | -övloot | -amjötl | -ëşlösmj | -ösjotjl | -ödzwatl | |||
Present | Positive | -üüt | -üŋjutj | -üvvot | -amütw | -ëşwüsmj | -üsswtj | -üdzwat | ||
Negative | -ööt | -öŋjutj | -övvot | -amötw | -ëşwösmj | -össwtj | -ödzwat | |||
Future | Positive | -ütš | -itšüŋ | -üšwodv | -atšmjüt | -etšwüsmj | -üššwitj | -ütšwy | ||
Negative | -ötš | -itšöŋ | -öšwodv | -atšmjöt | -etšwösmj | -öššwitj | -ötšwy | |||
Anti-Passive Voice | ||||||||||
Perfective | Retrospective | Pausative | Inceptive | Continuative | Terminative | Genericative | ||||
Past | Positive | -ükwl | -onükwl | -üvikwl | -amükwl | -üşmjykwl | -üzjukwl | -yşwükwl | ||
Negative | -ökwl | -onökwl | -övikwl | -amökwl | -öşmjykwl | -özjukwl | -yşwökwl | |||
Present | Positive | -ükw | -onükw | -üvjg | -amükw | -üşmjykw | -üsskw | -üşwykw | ||
Negative | -ökw | -onökw | -övjg | -amökw | -öşmjykw | -össkw | -öşwykw | |||
Future | Positive | -ükwš | -onüšw | -üvžukw | -amükwš | -ütšmjakw | -üšškw | -ütšwokw | ||
Negative | -ökwš | -onwöšw | -övžukw | -amökwš | -ötšmjakw | -öšškw | -ötšwokw | |||
Applicative Voice | ||||||||||
Perfective | Retrospective | Pausative | Inceptive | Continuative | Terminative | Genericative | ||||
Past | Positive | -üpl | -ümopl | -ëvlüb | -amlüüp | -ëşmjlüp | -üssjeplj | -üşwiiplj | ||
Negative | -öpl | -ömopl | -ëvlöb | -amlöp | -ëşmjlöp | -össjeplj | -öşwiiplj | |||
Present | Positive | -üp | -ümopj | -üvb | -amüp | -ëşmüüp | -üsswpj | -üşwiip | ||
Negative | -öp | -ömopj | -övb | -amöp | -ëşmööp | -össwpj | -öwşiip | |||
Fütüre | Positive | -üpš | -ümšwopj | -üvžeeb | -amüpš | -ëtšmüüp | -üššwep | -ütšwip | ||
Negative | -öpš | -ömšwopj | -övžeeb | -amöpš | -ëtšmööp | -öššwep | -ötšwip | |||
Imperative | ||||||||||
Perfective | Retrospective | Pausative | Inceptive | Continuative | Terminative | Genericative | ||||
Polite | Positive | |||||||||
Negative | ||||||||||
Order | Positive | |||||||||
Negative | ||||||||||
Demand | Positive | |||||||||
Negative |
2
Verb Agreement
Magical | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active Voice | ||||||||||
Perfective | Retrospective | Pausative | Inceptive | Continuative | Terminative | Genericative | ||||
Past | Positive | -ël | -ëŋl | -evë | -amël | -eşwëmjl | -ëswli | -yşwël | ||
Negative | -öl | -öŋl | -evö | -amöl | -ëşwömjl | -öswli | -yşwöl | |||
Present | Positive | -ë | -ëŋ | -ëvj | -amë | -eşwëmj | -ëssw | -ëşw | ||
Negative | -ö | -öŋ | -övj | -amö | -ëşwöm | -össw | -öşw | |||
Future | Positive | -ëš | -ëšŋ | -ëžvj | -ašwmjë | -etšwëmj | -ëswš | -ëtšw | ||
Negative | -öš | -öšŋ | -öžvj | -ašwmjö | -ëtšwömj | -öswš | -ötšw | |||
Passive Voice | ||||||||||
Perfective | Retrospective | Pausative | Inceptive | Continuative | Terminative | Genericative | ||||
Past | Positive | |||||||||
Negative | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Present | Positive | |||||||||
Negative | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Future | Positive | |||||||||
Negative | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |||
Anti-Passive Voice | ||||||||||
Perfective | Retrospective | Pausative | Inceptive | Continuative | Terminative | Genericative | ||||
Past | Positive | |||||||||
Negative | ||||||||||
Present | Positive | -ë | -ën | -ëz | -ümë | -ëşwm | -ëššw | -ëşšw | ||
Negative | -ö | -ön | -öz | -ümö | -öşwm | -öššw | -öşšw | |||
Future | Positive | |||||||||
Negative | ||||||||||
Applicative Voice | ||||||||||
Perfective | Retrospective | Pausative | Inceptive | Continuative | Terminative | Genericative | ||||
Past | Positive | |||||||||
Negative | ||||||||||
Present | Positive | |||||||||
Negative | ||||||||||
Fütüre | Positive | |||||||||
Negative | ||||||||||
Imperative | ||||||||||
Perfective | Retrospective | Pausative | Inceptive | Continuative | Terminative | Genericative | ||||
Polite | Positive | |||||||||
Negative | ||||||||||
Order | Positive | |||||||||
Negative | ||||||||||
Demand | Positive | |||||||||
Negative |