Haoli: Difference between revisions
Line 212: | Line 212: | ||
==Phonotactics== | ==Phonotactics== | ||
A syllable in Haoli includes a syllable nucleus consisting of a vowel sound. Syllable onset and coda are optional. A syllable can start and end with only one consonant. This gives an Haoli syllable the following structure, (C)V(C) where C represents a consonant and V a vowel. If through derivation a word would have two consecutive syllables where the first ends with the same vowel that the second begins with, example ''leka'' + ''að'', then the two syllables are merged and a long vowel is produced (''lekāð''). There is a preference for CVC and VC syllables over CV syllables if they can be avoided. For example, ''nuasag'', would be divided into ''nu | A syllable in Haoli includes a syllable nucleus consisting of a vowel sound. Syllable onset and coda are optional. A syllable can start and end with only one consonant. This gives an Haoli syllable the following structure, (C)V(C) where C represents a consonant and V a vowel. If through derivation a word would have two consecutive syllables where the first ends with the same vowel that the second begins with, example ''leka'' + ''að'', then the two syllables are merged and a long vowel is produced (''lekāð''). There is a preference for CVC and VC syllables over CV syllables if they can be avoided. For example, ''nuasag'', would be divided into ''nu-as-ag'' instead of ''nu-a-sag''. Another example, ''kafatge'', would be divided into ''kaf-at-ge'' instead of ''ka-fat-ge''. | ||
=Orthography= | =Orthography= |
Revision as of 00:59, 3 April 2018
Haoli | |
---|---|
Haoli | |
Pronunciation | [[Help:IPA|ha.ɔ.li]] |
Created by | iancgil |
Proto-Xawlih
| |
Introduction
Haoli is the language spoken by the Haonai.
Phonology
Consonants
Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Post Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Plosive | Normal | voiceless | p /p/ | t /t/ | k /k/ | |||||
voiced | d /d/ | g /g/ | ||||||||
Ejective | voiceless | pp /pʼ/ | tt /tʼ/ | kk /kʼ/ | ||||||
voiced | dd /dʼ/ | gg /gʼ/ | ||||||||
Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | nj /ɲ/ | nh /ŋ/ | ||||||
Trill | Normal | r /r/ | ||||||||
Aspirated | rh /rʰ/ | |||||||||
Fricative | Normal | voiceless | f /f/ | þ /θ/ | s /s/ | c /ʃ/ | h /h/ | |||
voiced | mh /β/ | ð /ð/ | gh /ɣ/ | |||||||
Lengthened | voiceless | ff /fː/ | ss /sː/ | |||||||
voiced | vv /vː/ | |||||||||
Aspirated | vh /vʰ/ | |||||||||
Lateral Fricative | lh /ɬ/ | |||||||||
Approximant | j /j/ | |||||||||
Lateral Approximant | l /l/ |
Vowels
Front | Back | ||
---|---|---|---|
Close | short | i /i/ | |
long | ii/ī /iː/ | ||
Open-Mid | short | e /ɛ/ u /œ/ | o /ɔ/ |
long | ee/ē /ɛː/ uu/ū /œː/ | oo/ō /ɔː/ | |
Open | short | a /a/ | |
long | aa/ā /aː/ |
Phonotactics
A syllable in Haoli includes a syllable nucleus consisting of a vowel sound. Syllable onset and coda are optional. A syllable can start and end with only one consonant. This gives an Haoli syllable the following structure, (C)V(C) where C represents a consonant and V a vowel. If through derivation a word would have two consecutive syllables where the first ends with the same vowel that the second begins with, example leka + að, then the two syllables are merged and a long vowel is produced (lekāð). There is a preference for CVC and VC syllables over CV syllables if they can be avoided. For example, nuasag, would be divided into nu-as-ag instead of nu-a-sag. Another example, kafatge, would be divided into kaf-at-ge instead of ka-fat-ge.
Orthography
Native Orthography
Morphology
Nouns
Haoli Nouns decline for case, gender, and number.
Gender
Gender in Haoli pertains to how the plural is formed as well as how it is declined. Haoli articles do have gender agreement with the constituent noun. Haoli has three genders: neuter, feminine, and masculine.
Plurals
Haoli plurals are formed by suffixes or ablaut.
Pronouns
Pronouns | |||
---|---|---|---|
Person | Neuter | Feminine | Masculine |
First Person | iani | iane | iana |
Second Person | kasi | kase | kasa |
Third Person | edi | ede | eda |
Declension
Basic Cases
- Nominative
- Accusative
- Dative
- Malefactive
- Adverbial
- Vocative
- Contrastive
- Genitive
Oblique Cases
- Translative
- Exessive
- Essive
- Instrumental
- Prolative
Locative Cases
Internal
- Innesive
- Hyperessive
- Illative
- Hyperlative
- Elative
- Hyper-elative
- Supraperlative
- Hyperlative
- Perlative
Traversal
- Lative
- Superlative
- Prosecutive
- Terminative
Exodal
- Ablative
- Antessive
- Delative
- Eblative
Relational
- Superessive
- Supraessive
- Comitative
- Pertingent
- Apudessive
- Enclosive
- Forbative
- Locative
- Bative
- Transversive
- Circumfrentive
- Situative
- Abessive
- Intrative
- Subessive
Temporal Cases
- Temporal
- Temporal-lative
- Temporal-hyper-transversive
- Temporal-terminative
- Temporal-hyperbative
Articles
Articles | |||
---|---|---|---|
Gender | Article | Singular | Plural |
Neuter | Definite | von | vono |
Indefinite | lhon | lhono | |
Feminine | Definite | ven | vene |
Indefinite | lhen | lhene | |
Masculine | Definite | van | vana |
Indefinite | lhun | lhunu |
Verbs
Haoli Verbs conjugate for tense and mood.
Negation
Haoli uses the circumfix ro-VERB-an.
Example:
The flower is not black.
Roeiþian asti veti.
Tense
- Present
- Imperfect
- Future
- Pluperfect
Mood
- Indicative
- Interrogative
- Subjunctive
- Conditional
- Imperative
- Jussive
- Opative
- Quotative
Pre-Affixal Clitic Conjunctions
- aja – or
- isjo - so
- je – and
- jia – for
- jue – but
- laja – nor
- ajsi – than
- nho - that
- mho - yet
Examples:
He listened and pondered.
Kroai je'ajatoe kasa.
Syntax
Word Order Taturuc
Modifier Order
The Basic Forms | ||
---|---|---|
Tatur | English Translation | Word Order |
Van Pitað Tatur | The Elegant Form | Preceding Modifier |
Van Rasað Tatur | The Common Form | Proceeding Modifier |
Examples:
Van Pitað Tatur
Van Rasað Tatur
Sentence Order
Tatur | English Translation | Word Order |
---|---|---|
Van Haulað Tatur | The Symmetric Form | V-O-S-CONJ-S-O-V |
Van Isatað Tatur | The Egocentric/Dominant/Impolite Form | S-V-O |
Van Roisatað Tatur | The Non-Egocentric/Submissive/Polite Form | O-V-S |
Van Aramāð Tatur | The Lovely/Romantic Form | V-O-S |
Van Usonað Tatur | The Structured/School/Instructive Form | V-S-O |
Examples:
Van Haulað Tatur
Van Isatað Tatur
Van Roisatað Tatur
Van Aramāð Tatur
Van Usonað Tatur
The Complex Forms
Van Jamað Mūtāð Tatur
Simple Alternating Form
(V-Adv) (Adj-N) (N-Adj)
- Can start with either Elegant or Common Form
- Modifying constituents always follow Elegant or Common Form exclusively
Van Aramāð Mūtāð Tatur
The Romantic Alternating Form
(V-Adv) (Adj-S) (O-Adj)
- Always begins with Common Form
- Modifying constituents follow their main constituent’s Form
Van Tistāð Mūtāð Tatur
The Pure Alternating Form
This form can start with either form and proceeding constituent always alternates form.
Van Jamað Mūtāð Haulað Tatur
The Simple Alternating Symmetric Form
The first half sets the order for both halves.
Van Tistāð Haulað Tatur
The Pure Symmetric Form
The first half's order is the opposite of second half.
Van Rotaturað Tatur
The Unordered Form
This form has no set order.
Form Declaration Phrases
Sometimes a sentence may not be long enough for more of the complex forms to be used, but a speaker still wants to apply the connotation of a the form. Another case would be where a speaker will be speaking for a longer period of time, but doesn't care to take the effort of applying the form to their speech. In both cases speakers may use a Form declaration phrase, which is a nonsense phrase that is just long enough to declare the form that the speaker wants to apply to their speech.
Examples:
Green flowers and red trees always savor fertile land and cold water.
Usonað Tatur: Kokok kele apoað vetic je'ina fi dosadað haōr je'gulamað vatasar.
Isatað Tatur: Apoað vetic je'ina fi kokok kele dosadað haōr je'gulamað vatasar.
Roisatað Tatur: Dosadað haōr je'gulamað vatasar kokok kele apoað vetic je'ina fi.
Aramāð Tatur: Kokok kele dosadað haōr je'gulamað vatasar apoað vetic je'ina fi.
Vana Runað Taturuc je'Usonu
The Poetic/Artistic/Passionate Forms and Structures
Vana Uniað Taturuc The Rhyme/Repetetive/Metered Forms | ||
---|---|---|
Van Jamað Tatur | The Simple Form | AABB |
Van Haulað Tatur | The Symmetric Form | ABBA |
Van Mūtað Tatur | The Alternating Form | ABAB |
Van Rohaulað Tautur | The Assymetric Forms | ABCB, ABBB, ABBC, ABAC, ABCD, ... |
Vono Runað Usonoc The Poetic Structures | ||
---|---|---|
Haoli Term | English Translation | Forms Used in Structure |
Von Pitað je’Rasað Uson | The Modifier Structure | Pitað, Rasað |
Von Iatað je’Roiatað Uson | The Register/Tone/Politeness Structure | Iatað, Roiatað |
Von Mūtāð je’Haulað Uson | The Symmetry and Alternation Structure | Mūtāð, Haulað |
Numbers
Each digit 1-11 are written as the first consonant that appears in the word, zero is represented by the symbol used for terminating sentences and the decimal is represented by the symbol used to divide text into sections. The mathematical operators: +, *, ^, -, / are represented by the vowels: a, e, i, o, u respectively.
Haoliadh Maur (Haoli Numbers) | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 |
mitat | edu | ket | har | neg | otte | vat | jet | njol | reso | poi | ofu |
12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 |
eduv | eduedu | eduket | eduhar | eduneg | eduotte | eduvat | edujet | edunjol | edureso | edupoi | eduofu |
24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | 32 | 33 | 34 | 35 |
ketev | ketedu | ketket | kethar | ketneg | ketotte | ketvat | ketjet | ketnjol | ketreso | ketpoi | ketofu |
12 | 24 | 36 | 48 | 60 | 72 | 84 | 96 | 108 | 120 | 132 | 144 |
eduv | ketev | harav | negev | ottev | vatav | jetev | njolov | resov | poiv | ofuv | educ |
1*12^12 | 2*12^12 | 3*12^12 | 4*12^12 | 5*12^12 | 6*12^12 | 7*12^12 | 8*12^12 | 9*12^12 | 10*12^12 | 11*12^12 | 12*12^12 |
educ | ketec | harac | negec | ottec | vatac | jetec | njoloc | resoc | poic | ofuc | edumh |
Sample Texts
Vono Ðuleað Gheþ
The Submission Scriptures
Vono Ðuleað Gheþ are the sacred holy scriptures of the Haonai believed to be the verbatim words of their divine creator, Aðhi, given to their prophets over time via supernatural messengers known as Vene Idefþenec.
Text
Elmunþenað kasia eiþi AÐHI: Farar jue’lipir an: Ven Sarlejþenere je’Von Mūtasikroere je’Ven Kokere je’Ven Kokkukere je’Von Resroere je’Ven Pitrhetere je’Von Kujsikroere je’Von Elmunroere je’Von Firinere eiþi ian:
Van elmunul kujge van arinhoaere eiþi eduka nagfuge je’risese eduere eless: Kasia van arinhoaese kasake eiþ eless AÐHI: Van arinhoaese eiþ eless eiþi ðule je’eiþi firin je’eiþi eiþ AÐHI-að laþul je’eiþi harge firinað sarere: AÐHI-ere eduka ðulēsse jia’Von Resroere eiþi ian: Ianroere ðulēg nho’taturhias AÐHI-ere ðulē eiþi eiþ arinhoaroul: Ðuleroul eduese ro laþi an AÐHI: Arinhoaroere ðuleroi arinhoa isjo’ðualeroþenere ðuleroi AÐHI: Ianað elmunul AÐHI-ere ro nagfuamen an kasi:
Translation
AÐHI is your creator. Quake, but do not fear due to untrust. We are The Giver of Refuge, The Unchanging, The Always, The Everywhere, The Undivided, The Longlasting, The Unformable, The Uncreated, The Truth.
To create in the creation is only to see the light and, by it, be moved. AÐHI commands you to be moved by the light. To be moved by the light is ðule and is truth and is to be in the presesnce of AÐHI and is to have real refuge. Submit only to AÐHI for We are The Undivided. To submit to other than We, with the same form as you submit to AÐHI, is to be in the darkness. For one in rejection, AÐHI is not present. light rejects darkness, so AÐHI rejects rejectors. You see not AÐHI in Our creation?
Van Fiað Puf
Song of the Trees
Text
Van fiað puf
Enþeroað
Elmunrotos
Mūtaga
Ðulēs, aramas
Eiþe tultussu
Eiþ vehkāssa
Eiþe puftussu
Translation
Song of the trees
Not of stillness
From the creator
Alternating
In submission, in love
Being like the wind
To be a saint
Being like the song