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| {{Infobox language
| | *''hüläfä'' (m) = legend |
| |image =
| | *''Əstansə'' (m) = a holiday |
| |imagesize =
| | *''əgiti'' (PLak *àgit 'fall' + -s) (f) = autumn |
| |creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]]
| | *''lisdəw'' (v) = to learn (< lidəw 'to find') |
| |name = Modern Standard Wiobian
| | ==Numbers== |
| |nativename = ''Wiob-Muts''; ''Reber-Muts''
| | 0-12: ñic, dän, rat, əscəw, əmšäk, ümuc, dak, ešəb, oläy, taf, suyäw, üsruk |
| |pronunciation=
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| |region = Wiobermien
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| |speakers = 70 million
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| |date = 2200 v.C.
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| |familycolor=raxo-talsmic
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| |fam1= [[Gamedan languages|Gamedan]]
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| |fam2= [[Wiobian]]
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| |script=Wiobian script
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| |iso3=qwb
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| |notice=IPA
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| }}
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| [[Wiobian/Sketchbook|Sandbox]]<br/>
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| [[Wiobian/Lexicon|Lexicon]]<br/>
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| [[Wiobian/Verse|Wiobian verse]]<br/>
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| [[Wiobian/Music|About Wiobian music]]<br/>
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| [[Wiobian/Wiobian|'''engunn&fiungs mieh Wäls tur Wiob-Hien!''']] ("View this page in Wiobian!")<br/>
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| [[Wiobian/de|Diese Seite auf Deutsch ansehen]]<br/>
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| '''{{PAGENAME}}''' (Wiobian: ''Reber-Wiob-Muts'' [''żai4ziou6my5''] 'Courtly Wiobian') or '''Rzaimy''' (''Reber-Muts'' [''żai4my5''] 'the courtly language') is the standard variety of Modern [[Wiobian]]. | |
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| ==Todo==
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| *''Wiob-Schriof-Eber-Hölsch'' "Wiobian-style collection-piece" - Wiobian Suites | |
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| ==Notes on notation==
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| *<sup>''i''</sup> - denotes i-umlaut of the root. | |
| *<sup>''u''</sup> - denotes u-umlaut of the root.
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| ==Orthography==
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| :''See also: [[Wiobian/Script]].''
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| ==Phonology==
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| ===Phonotactics===
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| (C)V(C)<sup>T</sup>
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| Words are mainly monosyllabic, occasionally trochees.
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| Compounds are left-headed and trochaic.
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| ===Initials===
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| The following 'Wiobian pinyin' could be used to represent Modern Greater Wiobian words phonetically:
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| <poem>
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| Tones: Cantonese tones, numbered as in Cantonese
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| Initials:
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| labials: ƀ /ɓ/ b /p/ p /pʰ/ m /m/ f /f/ pf /pf/
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| dentals: đ /ɗ/ d /t/ t /tʰ/ n /n/ s /s/ z /z/
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| laterals: dź /tɬ/ ć /tɬʰ/ ś /ɬ/ l /l/ ł /ɫ/
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| retroflexes: dż /tʂ/ cz /tʂʰ/ sz /ʂ/ ż /ʐ/ nz /ɳ/
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| co-articulated: gq /!/ q /!ʰ/ sj /ɧ/ zj /ɧ̬/ nq /ŋ!/
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| palatals: dzi /tɕ/ ci /tɕʰ/ si /ɕ/ zi /ʑ/ ni /ɲ/ j /j/
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| velars: g /k/ k /kʰ/ ch /x/ ng /ŋ/
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| labiovelars: gw /kʷ/ kw /kʷʰ/
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| laryngeals: (null) /ʔ/ h /h/
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| Vowels: a /a/ e /ɛ/ i /i/ o /ɔ/ u /u/ y /ɨ/ ơ /œ/ ư /y/
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| Finals: -p /p/ -t /t/ -k /k/ -m /m/ -n /n/ -ng /ŋ/ -i /j/ -u /w/
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| </poem>
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| {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 800px; text-align: center;"
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| |+ '''Modern Standard Wiobian initials'''
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| ! colspan="2"|
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| ! | Labial
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| ! | Alveolar
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| ! | Lateral
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| ! | Retroflex
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| ! | Coarticulated
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| ! | Palatal
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| ! | Velar
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| ! | Labiovelar
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| ! | Glottal
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" | Nasal
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| | /m/
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| | /n/
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| | /ɳ/
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| | /ŋ!/
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| | /ɲ/
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| | /ŋ/
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="3" |Plosive
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| ! | <small>plain</small>
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| | /p/
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| | /t/
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| | /!/
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| | /k/
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| | /kʷ/
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| | /ʔ/
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| |-
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| ! | <small>aspirated</small>
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| | /pʰ/
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| | /tʰ/
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| | /!ʰ/
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| | /kʰ/
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| | /kʷʰ/
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| |-
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| ! | <small>implosive</small>
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| | /ɓ/
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| | /ɗ/
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="2" |Affricate
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| ! | <small>plain</small>
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| | /pf/
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| | /tɬ/
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| | /ʈʂ/
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| | /tɕ/
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| |-
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| ! | <small>aspirated</small>
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| | /tɬʰ/
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| | /ʈʂʰ/
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| | /tɕʰ/
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="2" |Fricative
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| ! | <small>plain</small>
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| | /f/
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| | /s/
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| | /ɬ/
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| | /ʂ/
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| | /ɧ/
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| | /ɕ/
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| | /x/
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| | /h/
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| |-
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| ! | <small>voiced</small>
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| | /v/
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| | /z/
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| | /ʐ/
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| | /ɧ̬/
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| | /ʑ/
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| |-
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| ! colspan="2" |Approximant
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| | /l/, /ɫ/
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| | /j/
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| |}
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| ====Rimes====
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| A whole rime dictionary would be necessary to describe all the rimes, since the rules are so complex/irregular. Sorry
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| ====Nucleus====
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| {| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 540px; text-align:center;"
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| |+ '''Modern Standard Wiobian monophthongs'''
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| |-
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| ! rowspan="2" style="width: 90px; "|
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| ! colspan="2" style="width: 180px; " |Front
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| ! rowspan="2" style="width: 90px; " |Central
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| ! rowspan="2" colspan="1" style="width: 90px; " |Back
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| |-
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| ! colspan="1" style="width: 90px; " |<small>unrounded</small>
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| ! colspan="1" style="width: 90px; " |<small>rounded</small>
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| |-
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| ! style="" |Close
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| | /i/
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| | /y/
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| | [ɨ]<sup>1</sup>
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| | /u/
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| |-
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| ! style="" |Mid
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| | /e/
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| | /ø/
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| | /o/
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| |-
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| ! style="" |Open
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| | /a/
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| |}
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| <sup>1</sup> Allophone of /i/ and /y/ after dental and retroflex initials.<br/>
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| <sup>2</sup> Allophone of /æ/ after retroflex consonants.
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| Short vowels (which only occured in closed syllables) are fairly stably preserved.
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| ====Umlaut==== | |
| *short ''u'' /u/ i-umlauts to short ''ü'' /y/
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| *''io'' /y/? i-umlauts to ''ie'' /i/?
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| *''ia'' /jæ/ i-umlauts to ''ie'' /i/?
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| *short ''o'' /o/ i-umlauts to short ''ö'' /e/
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| *short ''a'' /æ/ i-umlauts to short ''ä'' /e/
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| *short ''e'' /ə/ i-umlauts to short ''i'' /i/
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| *''uo'' i-umlauts to ''üö''
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| *short ''a'' /æ/ u-umlauts to short ''å'' /o/
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| ====Coda consonants====
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| Only the following coda consonants may occur: [p t k m n ŋ j w].
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| ====Tones====
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| Stressed syllables may have one of 6 tones.
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| # high level tone (˥) (high falling (˥˩) in pausa) < LMW high modal
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| # mid rising tone (˧˥) < LMW high breathy
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| # mid level tone (˧) < LMW high glottalized
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| # low falling tone (˨˩) < LMW low modal
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| # low rising tone (˩˧) < LMW low breathy
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| # low level tone (˨) < LMW low glottalized
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| Example syllable: /maj/ ''mai''
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| # /maj˥/ (''mai1'') ''Schmörr'': liver
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| # /maj˧˥/ (''mai2'') ''Kmas'': border/edge
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| # /maj˧/ (''mai3'') ''schmeig'': lie
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| # /maj˨˩/ (''mai4'') ''Meder'': valley
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| # /maj˩˧/ (''mai5'') ''Mels'': lightning
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| # /maj˨/ (''mai6'') ''enbelt'': provoke
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| ==Grammar==
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| ==Derivational morphology== | |
| Some suffixes are pronounced differently depending on the final consonant of the root.
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| *''<sup>U</sup>(-n)'': nominalization, patient
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| **''Þiem'' 'deed' < ''þiom'' 'do'
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| *''be-'': intensive/applicative/denominal verb prefix; common like in German
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| **'''''be'''rast'' 'make powerful, strengthen' < ''Rast'' 'power'
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| *''deß-'': detransitivizing/valency-decreasing
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| *''em-/(w)en-'': perfective; causative/valency-incrementing
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| *''<sup>U</sup>-em'': adjectival/attributive/place noun suffix
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| **''Jünd'''em'''ruoger'' 'tapestry of life'
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| *''-er'': collective, augmentative, place noun, resultative
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| **''Puog'''er''''' 'throne' < ''Puog'' 'chair'
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| **''Ruog'''er''''' 'statue' < ''ruog, rieg, Ruogs'' 'carve'
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| **''Jeng'''er''''' 'ocean, sea' < ''Jeng'' 'water'
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| *''ger-'': inceptive, dynamic
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| **'''''ger'''zißt'': 'initiate' < ''zißt'' 'run' (intransitive)
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| *''i-'' (< PWio {{recon|''ī''}} < PGam {{recon|''hiz''}}): negative
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| **'''''i'''biul'' 'not straight, unjust' < ''biul'' 'straight, just'
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| *''-li'' agent noun, someone associated with [NOUN]
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| **''Winkli'' 'mortal' < ''wink-'' 'die' + ''-li''
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| *''-mack'': resultative, ability
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| *''-null'': prototypical member of a set, ''Ur-''
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| *''-ung'': singulative/some singular nouns
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| *''-s'' (< PGam {{recon|''λ''}} ~ Thm. supine ''-dh''): verbal nouns, nominalization
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| *''-zi'': abstract noun, -ness/-hood
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| *''uo-'' (< PWio {{recon|''ā-''}} < PGam {{recon|''ʔāz-''}}): augmentative
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| **'''''Uo'''res, '''Uo'''rs'' 'wolf, predatory beast' < euphemistically derived from ''Rüös'' 'dog'
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| *''wech-'': perfective/telic
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| *''-zim'': characterized by [noun]
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| ==Phrasebook==
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| *''Pei-käh-kiob, in gerbänk-klers iete!'' (''bi-ga-dźu, yn fạng-dlái ed!'')
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| *''Mäßtes riet!'' - Greetings!
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| *''Wenfoders-Bedrahnke'': ''Woi2 szan6''! - Hello.
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| *''ta2 hung2'' - thank you.
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| {{List subpages|caption=Related pages with more information}}
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| [[Category:Gamedan languages]][[Category:Wiobic languages]][[Category:Hussmauch]]
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